Association of objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity with cardiometabolic risk markers in older adults

Abstract Background Older adults are recommended to sleep 7–8 h/day. Time in bed (TIB) differs from sleep duration and includes also the time of lying in bed without sleeping. Long TIB (≥9 h) are associated with self-reported sedentary behavior, but the association between objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behavior and TIB is unknown. Methods This study was based on cross-sectional analysis of the Healthy Ageing Network of Competence (HANC Study). Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured by a tri-axial accelerometer (ActiGraph) placed on the dominant wrist for 7 days. Sedentary behavior was classified as < 2303 counts per minute (cpm) in vector magnitude and physical activity intensities were categorized, as 2303–4999 and ≥ 5000 cpm in vector magnitude. TIB was recorded in self-reported diaries. Participants were categorized as UTIB (usually having TIB 7–9 h/night: ≥80% of measurement days), STIB (sometimes having TIB 7–9 h/night: 20–79% of measurement days), and RTIB (rarely having TIB 7–9 h/night: < 20% of measurement days). Multinominal regression models were used to calculate the relative risk ratios (RRR) of being RTIB and STIB by daily levels of physical activity and SB, with UTIB as the reference group. The models were adjusted for age, sex, average daily nap length and physical function. Results Three hundred and fourty-one older adults (median age 81 (IQR 5), 62% women) were included with median TIB of 8 h 21 min (1 h 10 min)/day, physical activity level of 2054 (864) CPM with 64 (15) % of waking hours in sedentary behavior. Those with average CPM within the highest tertile had a lower RRR (0.33 (0.15–0.71), p = 0.005) for being RTIB compared to those within the lowest tertile of average CPM. Accumulating physical activity in intensities 2303–4999 and ≥ 5000 cpm/day did not affect the RRR of being RTIB. RRR of being RTIB among highly sedentary participants (≥10 h/day of sedentary behavior) more than tripled compared to those who were less sedentary (3.21 (1.50–6.88), p = 0.003). Conclusions For older adults, being physically active and less sedentary was associated with being in bed for 7–9 h/night for most nights (≥80%). Future longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the causal relationship sbetween physical activity and sleep duration.

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Abstract MP01: Association of Objectively-measured Physical Activity with Cardiovascular Risk in Mobility-limited Older Adults

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.mp01 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas W Buford ◽

Don G Hire ◽

Walter T Ambrosius ◽

Stephen D Anton ◽

Timothy S Church ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Risk Score ◽

Activity Data ◽

Mean Intensity ◽

Wear Time ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

The Impact

Introduction: In middle-aged adults, time spent being sedentary is associated with cardiovascular (CV) health risks independent of structured physical activity (PA). However, data are sparse regarding the impact of sedentary behavior on CV risk in older adults. The extent to which the absolute duration or intensity of daily PA reduces CV risk in older adults is also unknown. Objectives: Our objective was to examine the cross-sectional association between objectively-measured sedentary behavior and predicted CV risk among older adults in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study. The secondary objective was to evaluate associations between the duration/intensity of daily PA and predicted CV risk. Methods: LIFE is a randomized clinical trial to determine if regular PA prevents mobility disability among mobility-limited older adults. Activity data were collected by hip-worn accelerometer at baseline prior to participation in study interventions. Only participants with at least three days of accelerometry data (≥ 10 hrs wear time) were included. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression was used to model the relationship between accelerometry measures and predicted 10-year Framingham risk of Hard Coronary Heart Disease (HCHD; i.e. myocardial infarction or coronary death). Adjusted models included demographic confounders (e.g. education, race, income) and health parameters (e.g. depression, cognition, arthritis) not in the risk score. Accelerometry cut-points were (in counts/min): sedentary behavior: < 100; low-intensity activity: 100-499; higher intensity activity: > 500. Results: Participants (n = 1170; 78.7 ± [SD] 5.3 years; 66.1% female) had a median HCHD risk of 10.3% (25 th -75 th %: 5.7-18.6). Over a mean accelerometer wear time of 8.1 ± 3.2 days, participants spent 77.0 ± 8.2% of their time sedentary. They also spent 16.6 ± 5.0% of their time in low-intensity PA and 6.4 ± 4.4% in higher-intensity PA. For all PA performed (> 100 counts/min), participants achieved a median of 393.4 (337.8-473.5) counts/min. In the unadjusted model, time spent sedentary (β = 2.41; 95% CI : 1.94, 2.89), in low-intensity PA (-2.56; -3.03, -2.08), and in higher-intensity PA (-1.60; -2.09, -1.11) were all associated with HCHD risk (all p’s < 0.001). These associations remained significant after adjustment. The mean intensity of daily PA was not significantly associated with HCHD risk in any model (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Daily time spent being sedentary is positively associated with predicted 10-year HCHD risk among mobility-limited older adults. Duration, but not mean intensity, of daily PA is inversely associated with HCHD risk score in this population.

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Associations of Vigorous Gardening With Cardiometabolic Risk Markers for Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2021-0207 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jonathan Kingsley ◽

Nyssa Hadgraft ◽

Neville Owen ◽

Takemi Sugiyama ◽

David W. Dunstan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vigorous Intensity ◽

And Gender ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

This study investigates the associations of vigorous-intensity gardening time with cardiometabolic health risk markers. This cross-sectional study (AusDiab) analyzed 2011–2012 data of 3,664 adults (55% women, mean [range], age = 59.3 [34–94] years) in Australia. Multiple linear regression models examined associations of time spent participating in vigorous gardening (0, <150 min/week, ≥150 min/week) with a clustered cardiometabolic risk (CMR) score and its components, for the whole sample and stratified by age and gender. Of participants, 61% did no vigorous gardening, 23% reported <150 min/week, and 16% reported ≥150 min/week. In the whole sample, spending ≥150 min/week in vigorous gardening was associated with lower CMR (lower CMR score, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and triglycerides) compared with no vigorous gardening. Stratified analyses suggested that these associations were almost exclusively observed for older adults and women. These findings suggest the public health potential of vigorous-intensity gardening in reducing CMR.

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Correction to: Physical activity intensity, bout-duration, and cardiometabolic risk markers in children and adolescents

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/s41366-019-0465-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (11) ◽

pp. 2346-2346

Author(s):

Jakob Tarp ◽

◽

Abbey Child ◽

Tom White ◽

Kate Westgate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Physical Activity Intensity ◽

Bout Duration ◽

Activity Intensity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Criterion Validity of the Sedentary Behavior Question From the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire in Older Adults

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2019-0145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 2-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Miguel A. de la Cámara ◽

Sara Higueras-Fresnillo ◽

Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez ◽

Kabir P. Sadarangani ◽

David Martinez-Gomez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Global Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Background: To assess the validity of the single question to determine sedentary behavior (SB) by using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) in older adults. Methods: The sample included 163 participants (96 women) aged 65–92 years. Self-reported SB was obtained from the GPAQ. Objectively measured SB was assessed using the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity. Participants wore the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity continuously during 2 consecutive days while following their daily routine. The relative validity was assessed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ), and the agreement was examined using mean bias and 95% limit of agreement with the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity as reference. Results: The results showed small correlations (ρ = .291, P < .001) between the SB from the GPAQ and the objective measures, and ranged from ρ = .217 to ρ = .491 depending on the potential moderator. Similarly, the GPAQ underestimates the SB for approximately 2 hours per day in older adults (limit of agreement = −7.3 to 3.4 h/d). Conclusion: The GPAQ may not be the most suitable questionnaire for measuring SB in this population and should be used with caution because those studies that use this questionnaire in older adults may have an inaccurate measurement of SB levels.

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Accelerometer-Determined Sedentary and Physical Activity Estimates Among Older Adults With Diabetes: Considerations by Demographic and Comorbidity Characteristics

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2013-0019 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 432-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Paul D. Loprinzi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Population Level ◽

National Sample ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

Objectively Measured Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Activities

Understanding of the objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary patterns of adults with diabetes at the population level is currently limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to report accelerometer-determined PA and sedentary patterns among a national sample of U.S. adults with and without evidence of diabetes and to also explore differences across other comorbidity characteristics. Data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Four hundred seven participants had evidence of diabetes (mean age = 73.4 years), and 1,346 did not have diabetes (mean age = 74.3 years). Results showed that few older adults meet PA guidelines; the majority of their time is spent in sedentary activities; very few engage in more light-intensity PA than sedentary behavior; and older adults with multiple comorbidities engage in less PA and more sedentary behavior than their counterparts. The development and implementation of feasible, effective PA programs for older adults with multiple comorbidities are warranted.

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Physical activity intensity, bout-duration, and cardiometabolic risk markers in children and adolescents

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/s41366-018-0152-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (9) ◽

pp. 1639-1650 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Jakob Tarp ◽

◽

Abbey Child ◽

Tom White ◽

Kate Westgate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Physical Activity Intensity ◽

Bout Duration ◽

Activity Intensity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

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Physical Activity and Sedentary Patterns among Metabolically Healthy Individuals Living with Obesity

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2018/7496768 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Marika de Winter ◽

Brittany V. Rioux ◽

Jonathan G. Boudreau ◽

Danielle R. Bouchard ◽

Martin Sénéchal

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Behavior Patterns ◽

Metabolically Healthy

Background. Some individuals living with obesity are free from typical cardiometabolic risk factors and are termed metabolically healthy obese (MHO). The patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviors among MHO are currently unknown. Methods. This study includes 414 youth (12–18 years old), 802 adults (19–44 years old), and 1230 older adults (45–85 years old) living with obesity from the 2003-2004 or 2005-2006 NHANES cycles. Time spent in bouts of 1, 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time was measured objectively using accelerometers. Participants were categorized as MHO if they had no cardiometabolic risk factors above the identified thresholds (triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and glucose). Results. The proportion of MHO was 19%, 14%, and 12% in youth, adults, and older adults, respectively. MHO adults displayed a higher 1-minute bout of MVPA per day compared to non-MHO (p=0.02), but no difference was observed for MVPA and sedentary behavior patterns for youth and older adults. When adjusted for confounders, all bouts of sedentary behavior patterns in youth were significantly associated with being classified as MHO. Conclusion. This study suggests that greater sedentary time is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in youth even if they are physically active.

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