The bacterial association with oral cavity and intra-abdominal abscess after gastrectomy

Background Perioperative oral management has been reported to be effective for preventing postoperative infectious complications. In addition, severe periodontal disease was identified as the significant risk factor for complications after gastrointestinal surgery. We investigated the bacteriological association between the periodontal pocket, stomach mucosa and drainage fluid to determine whether oral bacteria directly cause intra-abdominal infection after gastrectomy. Methods Patients who were scheduled to undergo surgery for gastric cancer were prospectively enrolled. We evaluated the similarity of bacterial strains in periodontal pocket, stomach mucosa and fluid from drainage tube. Gingival crevicular fluid and dental plaque were collected from the periodontal pocket and cultured to detect bacteria. Specimens from the resected stomach were collected and used for bacterial culturing. Drainage fluid from the abdominal cavity was also cultured. Results All of 52 patients were enrolled. In the periodontal pocket, α-Streptococcus spp., Neisseria sp., and Prevotella sp. were mainly detected. Bacterial cultures in the stomach mucosa were positive in 26 cases. In 20 cases (76.9%), the detected strains were the same as those in the periodontal pocket. Six patients had the postoperative intra-abdominal infection after gastrectomy, and the same bacterial strains was detected in both of drainage fluid and periodontal pocket in two patients with severe periodontal disease. Conclusions We found the bacteriological association that same strain detected in periodontal pocket, stomach and in intra-abdominal drainage fluid after gastrectomy in patients with periodontal disease.

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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Atherosclerosis

Journal of Integrative Cardiology Open Access ◽

10.31487/j.jicoa.2020.06.06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Yutang Wang ◽

Dinh Tam Nguyen ◽

Jack Anesi ◽

Michelle Steicke ◽

Yutang Wang

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽

Cell Types ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Inflammatory Condition ◽

Worldwide Population ◽

Bacterial Plaque

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition around the teeth which affects 20-50% of the worldwide population. In periodontal disease, the bacterial plaque destroys the epithelium of the periodontal pocket and breaks the barrier that separates the tissue and the circulation, allowing oral bacteria and their endotoxins and exotoxins to enter the bloodstream. This can cause health problems, such as atherosclerosis. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is commonly found in patients with periodontitis and the number of Aa is associated with atherosclerotic lesion size in humans. This review focuses on Aa and atherosclerosis with an emphasis on the interaction of Aa with cell types involved in atherosclerosis formation.

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Phase 2, Dose-Ranging Study of Relebactam with Imipenem-Cilastatin in Subjects with Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00633-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (10) ◽

pp. 6234-6243 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Christopher Lucasti ◽

Liviu Vasile ◽

Dorel Sandesc ◽

Donatas Venskutonis ◽

Patrick McLeroth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Response ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Double Blind ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Content Type ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Abdominal Infection ◽

Intra Abdominal Infection

ABSTRACTRelebactam (REL [MK-7655]) is a novel class A/C β-lactamase inhibitor intended for use with imipenem for the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections. REL restores imipenem activity against some resistant strains ofKlebsiellaandPseudomonas. In this multicenter, double-blind, controlled trial (NCT01506271), subjects who were ≥18 years of age with complicated intra-abdominal infection were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive 250 mg REL, 125 mg REL, or placebo, each given intravenously (i.v.) with 500 mg imipenem-cilastatin (IMI) every 6 h (q6h) for 4 to 14 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of microbiologically evaluable (ME) subjects with a favorable clinical response at discontinuation of i.v. therapy (DCIV). A total of 351 subjects were randomized, 347 (99%) were treated, and 255 (73%) were ME at DCIV (55% male; mean age, 49 years). The most common diagnoses were complicated appendicitis (53%) and complicated cholecystitis (17%). Thirty-six subjects (13%) had imipenem-resistant Gram-negative infections at baseline. Both REL doses plus IMI were generally well tolerated and demonstrated safety profiles similar to that of IMI alone. Clinical response rates at DCIV were similar in subjects who received 250 mg REL plus IMI (96.3%) or 125 mg REL plus IMI (98.8%), and both were noninferior to IMI alone (95.2%; one-sidedP< 0.001). The treatment groups were also similar with respect to clinical response at early and late follow-up and microbiological response at all visits. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic simulations show that imipenem exposure at the proposed dose of 500 mg IMI with 250 mg REL q6h provides coverage of >90% of carbapenem-resistant bacterial strains.

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Filifactor alocis: Recent Insights and Advances

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345211000656 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002203452110006

Author(s):

E. Aja ◽

M. Mangar ◽

H.M. Fletcher ◽

A. Mishra

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Host Cells ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Bacterial Survival ◽

Filifactor Alocis

Filifactor alocis, a fastidious Gram-positive obligate anaerobic bacterium, is a newly appreciated member of the periodontal community that is now proposed to be a diagnostic indicator of periodontal disease. Its pathogenic characteristics are highlighted by its ability to survive in the oxidative stress–rich environment of the periodontal pocket and to significantly alter the microbial community dynamics by forming biofilms and interacting with several oral bacteria. Here, we describe the current understanding of F. alocis virulence attributes, such as its comparative resistance to oxidative stress, production of unique proteases and collagenases that can cause structural damage to host cells, and dysregulation of the immune system, which enable this bacterium to colonize, survive, and outcompete other traditional pathogens in the inflammatory environment of the periodontal pocket. Furthermore, we explore the recent advancements and future directions for F. alocis research, including the potential mechanisms for oxidative stress resistance and our evolving understanding of the interactions and mechanisms of bacterial survival inside neutrophils. We also discuss the current genetic tools and challenges involved in manipulating the F. alocis genome for the functional characterization of the putative virulence genes. Collectively, this information will expedite F. alocis research and should lead to the identification of prime targets for the development of novel therapeutics to aid in the control and prevention of periodontal disease.

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