scholarly journals A comparison of fragmenting lead-based and lead-free bullets for aerial shooting of wild pigs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247785
Author(s):  
Jordan O. Hampton ◽  
Grant Eccles ◽  
Rob Hunt ◽  
Andrew J. Bengsen ◽  
Andrew L. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Bullet Wound ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Degree Of Fragmentation

In response to the health threats posed by toxic lead to humans, scavenging wildlife and the environment, there is currently a focus on transitioning from lead-based to lead-free bullets for shooting of wild animals. We compared efficiency metrics and terminal ballistic performance for lead-based and lead-free (non-lead) bullets for aerial shooting of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in eastern Australia. Ballistic testing revealed that lead-based and lead-free bullets achieved similar performance in precision and muzzle kinetic energy (E0) levels (3337.2 J and 3345.7 J, respectively). An aerial shooting trial was conducted with wild pigs shot with one type of lead-based and one type of lead-free bullets under identical conditions. Observations were made from 859 shooting events (n = 430 and 429 respectively), with a sub-set of pigs examined via gross post-mortem (n = 100 and 108 respectively), and a further sub-set examined via radiography (n = 94 and 101 respectively). The mean number of bullets fired per pig killed did not differ greatly between lead-based and lead-free bullets respectively (4.09 vs 3.91), nor did the mean number of bullet wound tracts in each animal via post-mortem inspection (3.29 vs 2.98). However, radiography revealed a higher average number of fragments per animal (median >300 vs median = 55) and a broader distribution of fragments with lead-based bullets. Our results suggest that lead-based and lead-free bullets are similarly effective for aerial shooting of wild pigs, but that the bullet types behave differently, with lead-based bullets displaying a higher degree of fragmentation. These results suggest that aerial shooting may be a particularly important contributor to scavenging wildlife being exposed to lead and that investigation of lead-free bullets for this use should continue.

Determination of Plasminogen in Clots and Thrombi

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 038-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Casein Solution ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe plasminogen content was determined by a casein method in plasma and serum from 20 normal volunteers. The mean plasminogen content was found to be 10.1 ACU (the arbitrary caseinolytic unit defined in such a way that using a 3% casein solution and a digestion time of 20 min. at 37°C, 10 ACU gave an extinction of 0.300). No difference between serum and plasma regarding the plasminogen content was found.Plasminogen was determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from 2 ml plasma. The highest values found in the drained clots were 0.9 ACU/clot and 0.2 ACU/clot in the drained plus washed clots.Plasminogen was also determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from plasma with added purified plasminogen. The plasminogen was recovered in the washing fluid. According to these tests, then, purified added plasminogen is washed out of the clots.The plasminogen content of 20 thrombi obtained post mortem was also determined. The mean value was found to be 0.7 ACU/cm thrombus. Judging from our results, the “intrinsic clot lysis theory” is not the main mechanism of clot dissolution.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of low-dose warfarin baits to control wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in North Texas

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0206070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Poché ◽  
David Poché ◽  
Greg Franckowiak ◽  
Daniel J. Somers ◽  
Lindsay N. Briley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
North Texas ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Dose Warfarin

scholarly journals Invasive wild pigs ( Sus scrofa ) as a human‐mediated source of soil carbon emissions: uncertainties and future directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. O’Bryan ◽  
Nicholas R. Patton ◽  
Jim Hone ◽  
Jesse S. Lewis ◽  
Violeta Berdejo‐Espinola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Wild Pigs

Post-mortem examination of the reproductive organs of female wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Sweden

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Malmsten ◽  
Gunnar Jansson ◽  
Anne-Marie Dalin
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Post Mortem Examination

scholarly journals Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, including four new species and a re-description of Grania trichaeta Jamieson, 1977

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2165 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERRE DE WIT ◽  
EMILIA ROTA ◽  
CHRISTER ERSÉUS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Interspecific Divergence ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
New Material ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

This study describes the fauna of the marine enchytraeid genus Grania at two locations on the Australian Great Barrier Reef: Lizard and Heron Islands. Collections were made from 1979 to 2006, yielding four new species: Grania breviductus sp. n., Grania regina sp. n., Grania homochaeta sp. n. and Grania colorata sp. n.. A re-description of Grania trichaeta Jamieson, 1977 based on new material is also included, along with notes and amendments on G. hyperoadenia Coates, 1990 and G. integra Coates & Stacey, 1997, the two latter being recorded for the first time from eastern Australia. COI barcode sequences were obtained from G. trichaeta and G. colorata and deposited with information on voucher specimens in the Barcode of Life database and GenBank; the mean intraspecific variation is 1.66 % in both species, while the mean interspecific divergence is 25.54 %. There seem to be two phylogeographic elements represented in the Great Barrier Grania fauna; one tropical with phylogenetic affinities to species found in New Caledonia and Hong Kong, and one southern (manifested at the more southerly located Heron Island) with affinities to species found in Southern Australia, Tasmania and Antarctica.

Classification of Culturable Bifidobacterial Population from Colonic Samples of Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa) Based on Three Molecular Genetic Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1324-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radko Pechar ◽  
Jiří Killer ◽  
Chahrazed Mekadim ◽  
Martina Geigerová ◽  
Vojtěch Rada
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Wild Pigs

scholarly journals The Presence of Rabies Virus-Neutralizing Antibody in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa), a Non-Target Bait Vaccine Animal in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Ha-Hyun Kim ◽  
Dong-Kun Yang ◽  
Ja-Young Wang ◽  
Dong-Jun An
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Target Animal ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Oral vaccination with bait is an effective method to prevent rabies in wildlife, but non-target wild animals may also ingest the bait vaccine. In Korea, the target animal of the rabies bait vaccine is the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides). Bait vaccines have been distributed in Korea for 20 years; although wild raccoon dogs have been tested for antibodies, rabies antibodies have never been investigated in non-target wild animals. Therefore, this study investigated rabies antibody formation in wild boars (Sus scrofa), which is likely the main competitor for the bait vaccine in Korea. In bait areas, 20 of 109 wild boars (18.3%) were seropositive, and 39 of 470 wild boars (8.3%) in non-bait areas were also seropositive. These results provide insights regarding bait uptake or vaccination in non-target wild boars.

Femoral blood concentrations of the designer benzodiazepine etizolam in post-mortem cases

2020 ◽  
pp. 002580242097381
Author(s):  
Laura J Hikin ◽  
Paul R Smith ◽  
Peter D Maskell ◽  
Hassan Kurimbokus ◽  
Emily Ashong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Blunt Force Trauma ◽  
The World ◽  
Femoral Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Etizolam is a thienodiazepine that although licensed for clinical usage in Japan, India and South Korea is commonly abused and detected in post-mortem cases around the world. To date, there are limited data in the literature to allow for the interpretation of blood concentrations of etizolam in post-mortem cases. A liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was used to quantitate etizolam concentrations in 28 post-mortem cases where etizolam was detected. The median concentration of etizolam in femoral blood was 8.5 ng/mL (range 1.0–172.0 ng/mL; n = 24); in antemortem plasma, the etizolam concentration range was 4–44 ng/mL ( n = 4). The mean age of the individuals abusing etizolam was 38.5 ± 8.4 years (median 39 years), with the majority being male (86%). In all of the cases, multiple drugs were detected, with the most common being pregabalin (61%) followed by morphine/heroin (54%), diazepam (54%) and benzoylecgonine (21%), illustrating the increasing problem of poly-substance use in drug abusers. The cause of death in the cases in which etizolam was detected was multi-drug toxicity in 87.5% of the cases, with 12.5% unrelated to drug use (hangings and blunt-force trauma). These data will further help forensic practitioners with the interpretation of post-mortem etizolam concentrations.

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