Comparisons between retinal vessel calibers and various optic disc morphologic parameters with different optic disc appearances: The Glaucoma Stereo Analysis Study

The Glaucoma Stereo Analysis Study (GSAS) is a multicenter collaborative study of the characteristics of glaucomatous optic disc morphology using a stereo fundus camera. This study evaluated the retinal vessel calibers and correlations using GSAS fundus photographs between retinal vessels and 38 optic nerve head (ONH) morphologic parameters comprehensively. In all 240 eyes, the mean central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) were 138.4 and 216.5 μm, respectively; the CRAE correlated with age, visual field scores and 19 ONH parameters and CRVE correlated with age, intraocular pressure, visual field scores and 11 ONH parameters. Among the different optic disc appearances including focal ischemia (FI) (n = 53, 22%), generalized enlargement (GE) (n = 53, 22%), myopic glaucoma (MY) (n = 112, 47%), and senile sclerosis (SS) (n = 22, 9%), the CRAE did not differ significantly; CRVE was significantly narrower in SS than in FI and MY. In FI, GE, MY, and SS disc types, CRAE correlated with 3, 14, 9, and 2 ONH parameters, respectively, and CRVE corelated with 9, 0, 12, and 6 ONH parameters, respectively. We confirmed previous observations on the effect of retinal vessel narrowing on glaucomatous changes in the ONH and visual field. The associations between retinal vessel caliber and ONH morphologic parameters vary among different optic disc appearances, suggesting different effects of vascular changes in each disc type.

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The effect of pre-eclampsia on retinal microvascular caliber at delivery and post-partum

Obstetric Medicine ◽

10.1177/1753495x17745727 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 116-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P Soma-Pillay ◽

R Pillay ◽

TY Wong ◽

JD Makin ◽

RC Pattinson

Keyword(s):

Post Partum ◽

Retinal Vessel ◽

Microvascular Dysfunction ◽

Control Group ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Retinal Microcirculation ◽

One Year ◽

Retinal Arteriolar ◽

Central Retinal Arteriolar Equivalent ◽

Central Retinal Venular Equivalent

Background The retinal microcirculation provides a unique view of microvessel structure by means of non-invasive, retinal image analysis. The aim of the study was to compare the retinal vessel caliber at delivery and one-year post-partum between women who have had pre-eclampsia during pregnancy to a normotensive control group. Methods Digital photos of the eye were taken at delivery and one-year post-partum. Retinal vessels were analysed and summarised as the corrected central retinal arteriolar equivalent and corrected central retinal venular equivalent. Results The corrected central retinal arteriolar equivalent and corrected central retinal venular equivalent were significantly lower in the pre-eclamptic group compared to the control group both at delivery and one-year post-partum ( p < 0.001). Conclusion Retinal artery and venular caliber changes that occur during pregnancies affected by pre-eclampsia persist for up to one-year post-partum. These changes may reflect a permanent, long-term microvascular dysfunction and may be useful as a biomarker of future vascular risk.

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Long-term changes in retinal vascular diameter and cognitive impairment in type 1 diabetes

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research ◽

10.1177/1479164118758581 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 223-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Karen A Nunley ◽

Andrea L Metti ◽

Ronald Klein ◽

Barbara E Klein ◽

Judith A Saxton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

White Matter ◽

White Matter Hyperintensities ◽

Proliferative Retinopathy ◽

Retinal Arteriolar ◽

Central Retinal Arteriolar Equivalent ◽

Central Retinal Venular Equivalent

Objective: To assess associations between cognitive impairment and longitudinal changes in retinal microvasculature, over 18 years, in adults with type 1 diabetes. Research design and methods: Participants of the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study received ≥3 fundus photographs between baseline (1986–1988) and time of cognitive assessment (2010–2015: N = 119; 52% male; mean age and type 1 diabetes duration 43 and 34 years, respectively). Central retinal arteriolar equivalent and central retinal venular equivalent were estimated via computer-based methods; overall magnitude and speed of narrowing were quantified as cumulative average and slope, respectively. Median regression models estimated associations of central retinal arteriolar equivalent and central retinal venular equivalent measures with cognitive impairment status, adjusted for type 1 diabetes duration. Interactions with HbA1c, proliferative retinopathy and white matter hyperintensities were assessed. Results: Compared with participants without cognitive impairment, those with clinically relevant cognitive impairment experienced 1.8% greater and 31.1% faster central retinal arteriolar equivalent narrowing during prior years (t = −2.93, p = 0.004 and t = −3.97, p < 0.0001, respectively). Interactions with HbA1c, proliferative retinopathy and white matter hyperintensities were not significant. No associations were found between central retinal arteriolar equivalent at baseline, at time of cognitive testing, or any central retinal venular equivalent measures, and cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Long-term arterial retinal changes could indicate type 1 diabetes–related cognitive impairment. Studies examining longitudinal central retinal arteriolar equivalent changes as early biomarkers of cognitive impairment risk are warranted.

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A Small Disc Area Is a Risk Factor for Visual Field Loss Progression in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The Glaucoma Stereo Analysis Study

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2018/8941489 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yasushi Kitaoka ◽

Masaki Tanito ◽

Yu Yokoyama ◽

Koji Nitta ◽

Maki Katai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Visual Field Loss ◽

Morphological Parameters ◽

Open Angle ◽

Analysis Study ◽

Visual Field Progression ◽

Stereo Analysis ◽

Disc Area

Purpose. The Glaucoma Stereo Analysis Study, a cross-sectional multicenter collaborative study, used a stereo fundus camera (nonmyd WX) to assess various morphological parameters of the optic nerve head (ONH) in glaucoma patients. We compared the associations of each parameter between the visual field loss progression group and no-progression group. Methods. The study included 187 eyes of 187 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or normal-tension glaucoma. We divided the mean deviation (MD) slope values of all patients into the progression group (<−0.3 dB/year) and no-progression group (≧−0.3 dB/year). ONH morphological parameters were calculated with prototype analysis software. The correlations between glaucomatous visual field progression and patient characteristics or each ONH parameter were analyzed with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results. The MD slope averages in the progression group and no-progression group were −0.58 ± 0.28 dB/year and 0.05 ± 0.26 dB/year, respectively. Among disc parameters, vertical disc width (diameter), disc area, cup area, and cup volume in the progression group were significantly less than those in the no-progression group. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between the visual field progression and disc area (odds ratio 0.49/mm2 disc area). Conclusion. A smaller disc area may be associated with more rapid glaucomatous visual field progression.

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Vertical position of the central retinal vessel in the optic disc and its association with the site of visual field defects in glaucoma

American Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1016/j.ajo.2021.05.011 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Sawada ◽

Makoto Araie ◽

Hitomi Shibata

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Optic Disc ◽

Retinal Vessel ◽

Visual Field Defects ◽

Vertical Position ◽

Field Defects

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Differentiation of glaucomatous optic discs with different appearances using optic disc topography parameters: The Glaucoma Stereo Analysis Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0169858 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. e0169858 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Masaki Tanito ◽

Koji Nitta ◽

Maki Katai ◽

Yasushi Kitaoka ◽

Yu Yokoyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optic Disc ◽

Analysis Study ◽

Stereo Analysis ◽

Optic Discs

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Retinal vascular caliber changes after laser photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.oa.203806 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 366-71

Author(s):

Habibah Setyawati Muhiddin ◽

Idayani Panggalo ◽

Andi Muhammad Ichsan ◽

Budu ◽

Emanuele Trucco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Oxygen Tension ◽

Laser Photocoagulation ◽

Retinal Vessels ◽

Retinal Vascular Caliber ◽

Before And After ◽

Vascular Dilatation ◽

Retinal Arteriolar ◽

Central Retinal Arteriolar Equivalent ◽

Central Retinal Venular Equivalent

BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy causes vascular dilatation caused by hypoxia, whereas oxygen tension improvement leads to retinal vessels narrowing. Given that laser photocoagulation aims to increase the oxygen tension in the retina, we hypothesized that the narrowing of vessel caliber after the treatment could be possibly demonstrated. This study aimed to assess the changes in the caliber of retinal vessels before and after laser photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy. METHODS This research was a prospective cohort study on the treatment of diabetic retinopathy by laser photocoagulation, and it was conducted at Universitas Hasanuddin Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia between November 2017–April 2018. Retinal vascular caliber changes were analyzed before and 6–8 weeks after photocoagulation in 30 diabetic eyes. Central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) were measured using the vessel assessment and measurement platform software for images of the retina (VAMPIRE) manual annotation tool. RESULTS A significant decrease of CRVE was observed after laser photocoagulation (p<0.001), but CRAE was not reduced significantly (p = 0.067). No difference was recorded between CRVE and CRAE post-laser photocoagulation (p = 0.14), implying a reduction in vein caliber toward normal in the treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS Laser photocoagulation decreases the CRVE in diabetic retinopathy despite the absence of changes in the grade of diabetic retinopathy.

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Retinal Vessel Diameters and Blood Pressure Progression in Children

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14695 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 450-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Giulia Lona ◽

Katharina Endes ◽

Sabrina Köchli ◽

Denis Infanger ◽

Lukas Zahner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Retinal Vessel ◽

Good Evidence ◽

Retinal Arterioles ◽

Microvascular Alterations ◽

Retinal Arteriolar ◽

Central Retinal Venular Equivalent ◽

Retinal Vessel Diameters

The prevalence of high childhood blood pressure (BP) is rising globally and has been associated with subclinical vascular impairments in children. Longitudinal data on the association of microvascular alterations with the development of high BP in children are lacking. We aimed to analyze the association of central retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular (CRVE) diameters with development of higher BP over 4 years in young school children. In 2014, 391 children aged 6 to 8 years were screened for BP and retinal vessel diameters using standardized protocols. Retinal vessel analysis was performed using a retinal vessel analyzer to determine CRAE and central retinal venular equivalent. In the follow-up of 2018, all parameters were assessed in 262 children using the same standardized protocols. During follow-up, systolic and diastolic BP increased significantly (Δ 3.965±8.25 and 1.733±7.63 mm Hg, respectively), while CRAE decreased by Δ −6.325±8.55 µm without significant changes in central retinal venular equivalent (Δ −0.163±7.94 µm). Children with narrower CRAE at baseline developed higher systolic BP after four years (β [95% CI] 0.78 [0.170–1.398] mm Hg per 10 µm decrease, P =0.012). Children with increased systolic or diastolic BP at baseline developed narrower CRAE (β [95% CI] −0.154 [−0.294 to −0.014] µm per 1mmHg, P =0.031 and β [95% CI] −0.02 [−0.344 to −0.057] µm per 1 mmHg, P =0.006, respectively) at follow-up. Narrowing of retinal arterioles predicted evolution of systolic BP. In turn, higher initial systolic and diastolic BP was associated with subsequent development of microvascular impairments. Our results give good evidence for a bivariate temporal relationship between BP and microvascular health in children.

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Optic Disc Features in Familial Retinal Arteriolar Tortuosity

Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde ◽

10.1055/a-1386-5788 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Veronika Sinner ◽

Jan Heckmann ◽

Veit Sturm ◽

Christophe Valmaggia ◽

Margarita G. Todorova

Keyword(s):

Optic Disc ◽

Multimodal Imaging ◽

Retinal Vessel ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Third Order ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vascular Plexus ◽

Raising Awareness ◽

Retinal Arteriolar

Abstract Purpose Describing optic disc appearance in familial retinal arteriolar tortuosity (fRAT) using multimodal imaging and raising awareness of peripapillary arterial changes due to this disorder. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in four consecutive patients of two non-related families. Detailed ophthalmological examination was performed and supported by medical and family history and multimodal imaging. Results In all subjects, increased tortuosity of second- and third-order retinal arteries in superior and deeper vascular plexus was documented. Furthermore, tortuosity in the peripapillary circle of Zinn-Haller was found. In addition, retinal vessel oximetry confirmed tortuosity only of the arterial vessels. Conclusion The present data suggests that a blurry bordered, hyperemic optic disc in the presence of abnormally tortuous arteriolar vessels and asymptomatically or oligosymptomatically spontaneously resolved hemorrhages could be associated with a fRAT. This finding could be linked to peripapillary arterial vessel tortuosity.

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