scholarly journals Retinal Vessel Diameters and Blood Pressure Progression in Children

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Lona ◽  
Katharina Endes ◽  
Sabrina Köchli ◽  
Denis Infanger ◽  
Lukas Zahner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Retinal Arterioles ◽  
Microvascular Alterations ◽  
Retinal Arteriolar ◽  
Central Retinal Venular Equivalent ◽  
Retinal Vessel Diameters

The prevalence of high childhood blood pressure (BP) is rising globally and has been associated with subclinical vascular impairments in children. Longitudinal data on the association of microvascular alterations with the development of high BP in children are lacking. We aimed to analyze the association of central retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular (CRVE) diameters with development of higher BP over 4 years in young school children. In 2014, 391 children aged 6 to 8 years were screened for BP and retinal vessel diameters using standardized protocols. Retinal vessel analysis was performed using a retinal vessel analyzer to determine CRAE and central retinal venular equivalent. In the follow-up of 2018, all parameters were assessed in 262 children using the same standardized protocols. During follow-up, systolic and diastolic BP increased significantly (Δ 3.965±8.25 and 1.733±7.63 mm Hg, respectively), while CRAE decreased by Δ −6.325±8.55 µm without significant changes in central retinal venular equivalent (Δ −0.163±7.94 µm). Children with narrower CRAE at baseline developed higher systolic BP after four years (β [95% CI] 0.78 [0.170–1.398] mm Hg per 10 µm decrease, P =0.012). Children with increased systolic or diastolic BP at baseline developed narrower CRAE (β [95% CI] −0.154 [−0.294 to −0.014] µm per 1mmHg, P =0.031 and β [95% CI] −0.02 [−0.344 to −0.057] µm per 1 mmHg, P =0.006, respectively) at follow-up. Narrowing of retinal arterioles predicted evolution of systolic BP. In turn, higher initial systolic and diastolic BP was associated with subsequent development of microvascular impairments. Our results give good evidence for a bivariate temporal relationship between BP and microvascular health in children.

scholarly journals Association between antenatal blood pressure and 5-year postpartum retinal arteriolar structural and functional changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralene Sim ◽  
Izzuddin Aris ◽  
Yap-Seng Chong ◽  
Tien Yin Wong ◽  
Ling-jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Retinal Arteriolar

ObjectiveStudies have shown that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with both postpartum retinal microvascular changes and cardiovascular (CV) risks. However, the underlying mechanism of HDP transitioning to microvascular and macrovascular changes remains unknown, due to the interaction between microvasculature and CV risks. In this study, we examined whether associations between antenatal systolic blood pressure (SBP) and postpartum retinal arteriolar changes are independent of postpartum CV risks.MethodsWe included 276 Singaporean mothers attending both baseline index pregnancy (2009–2010) and 5-year postpartum follow-up visits (2014–2015). We measured SBP at baseline. At follow-up, we assessed retinal microvascular structure and function with retinal photography and dynamic vessel analyser, together with CV risks using a validated 2008 Framingham Risk Score (FRS). We performed a traditional four-step mediation analysis using linear regression by adjusting for a series of baseline characteristics: age, ethnicity, college degree, prepregnancy body mass index and gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis at baseline.ResultsWe found that each 10 mm Hg increase in baseline SBP was associated with reduced arteriolar calibre (−1.3 µm; 95% CI −3.0 to 0.2) and fractal dimension (−0.4 degrees of freedom (df); −1.0 to 0.2), and significantly with increased arteriolar constriction (0.5%; 0.001 to 1.0) at 5-year postpartum. Even though baseline SBP was associated with postpartum FRS, the latter was not associated with any retinal arteriolar measures. Therefore, no further mediation analysis was required.ConclusionOur study suggested that elevated SBP during pregnancy was associated with suboptimal retinal arteriolar structure and function independent of postpartum CV risks.

scholarly journals Structural analysis of retinal blood vessels in patients with COPD during a pulmonary rehabilitation program

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk W. Vaes ◽  
Martijn A. Spruit ◽  
Karel Van Keer ◽  
João Barbosa-Breda ◽  
Emiel F. M. Wouters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Retinal Vessel Diameters

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are frequently present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Population-based studies found associations between retinal vessel diameters and cardiovascular health, but it is unknown whether this also applies to COPD patients. Therefore, we measured retinal vessel diameters in COPD patients and aimed to determine the association with cardiovascular risk factors, lung function, and functional outcomes. In addition, we investigated whether an exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program would change retinal vessel diameters, as a proxy for improved microvascular health. Demographics and clinical characteristics, including pulmonary function, exercise capacity, blood pressure, blood measurements and level of systemic inflammation were obtained from 246 patients during routine assessment before and after PR. Retinal vessel diameters were measured from digital retinal images. Older age and higher systolic blood pressure were associated with narrower retinal arterioles (β: −0.224; p = 0.042 and β: −0.136; p < 0.001, respectively). Older age, higher systolic blood pressure and lower level of systemic inflammation were associated with narrower retinal venules (β: −0.654; −0.229; and −13.767, respectively; p < 0.05). No associations were found between retinal vessel diameters and lung function parameters or functional outcomes. After PR, no significant changes in retinal venular or arteriolar diameter were found. To conclude, retinal vessel diameters of COPD patients were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure and systemic inflammation, whilst there was no evidence for an association with lung function parameters, functional outcomes or other cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, an exercise-based PR program did not affect retinal vessel diameter.

scholarly journals Association Between Blood Pressure and Retinal Vessel Diameters Among Police Officers in the US Northeast

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ja K. Gu ◽  
Luenda E. Charles ◽  
Ronald Klein ◽  
Lisa M. Grady ◽  
Claudia C. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Northeast ◽  
Retinal Vessel Diameters

Relationships between Age, Blood Pressure, and Retinal Vessel Diameters in an Older Population

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Leung ◽  
Jie Jin Wang ◽  
Elena Rochtchina ◽  
Ava G. Tan ◽  
Tien Y. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Retinal Vessel Diameters

4095Exercise and vascular ageing: a cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Streese ◽  
A Deiseroth ◽  
H Hanssen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vascular Ageing ◽  
Artery Stiffness ◽  
Retinal Arteriolar ◽  
Retinal Vessel Diameters

Abstract Background Vascular ageing can be quantified at subclinical stages by use of sensitive vascular biomarkers of the macro- and microcirculation. Detection of vascular impairments enables initiation of timely treatment strategies to counteract development of CV disease and improve CV outcome. Purpose To (a) compare large artery stiffness and retinal microvascular diameters in healthy life-long active and healthy sedentary older adults with CV risk patients, and (b) to assess the effects of short-term high-intensity exercise training on vascular health in these patients. Methods Seven hundred and eighty-three participants were screened for their CV risk and physical activity profile. We included 38 healthy active (HA, mean age 60±7 years) and 36 healthy sedentary (HS, mean age 60±7 years) as well as 84 sedentary patients with ≥2 CV risk factors (SR, mean age 59±6 years) in the cross-sectional approach. SR were randomized to a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or physical activity recommendations after the baseline assessment. Carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV) was measured as a marker of large artery stiffness and the central retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular (CRVE) diameters as well as the retinal arteriolar-to-venular diameter ratio (AVR) were measured as a marker of the microcirculation. Standard procedures of anthropometric measurements were implemented. Results Anthropometric parameters differed between the groups according to the inclusion criteria. cfPWV was highest in SR (8.2±1.4m/s) compared to HS (7.5±1.6m/s) and HA (7.0±1.1 m/s). HA had a lower cfPWV compared to HS (p<0.05) and SR (p<0.001). HA had wider CRAE (179±14μm) and narrower CRVE (204±17μm) compared to HS (CRAE: 172±11 μm; CRVE: 209±11 μm) resulting in a higher AVR in HA (0.88±0.05) compared to HS (0.83±0.04, p<0.001). By contrast, SR showed narrower CRAE (171±14 μm) and wider CRVE (218±16μm, p<0.05) compared to HS resulting in a lower AVR (0.79±0.05, p<0.001) compared to HS and HA. HIIT in SR improved most classic CV risk factors. Additionally, CRAE increased (pre: 175±14μm vs post: 181±13μm, p=0.001) and CRVE decreased (pre: 222±14μm vs post: 220±14μm, p=0.007) in the HIIT group without changes in the cfPWV. PWV was significantly but moderately associated with AVR (r=−0.2, p=0.01). Conclusions Life-long physical activity and fitness were associated with lower arterial stiffness and favourable retinal vessel diameters in healthy individuals. CV patients had higher arterial stiffness and lower AVR. Short-term HIIT improved retinal microvascular phenotype without changes in large artery stiffness. Retinal vessel diameters are sensitive diagnostic tool for CV risk stratification and subclinical vascular disease monitoring in CV patients. Short-term HIIT may postpone development of small vessel disease in older patients. Acknowledgement/Funding Swiss National Science Foundation, Nora van Meeuwen-Häfliger Stiftung

scholarly journals Retinal Vessel Diameters and Their Relationship with Cardiovascular Risk and All-Cause Mortality in the Inter99 Eye Study: A 15-Year Follow-Up

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Drobnjak ◽  
Inger Christine Munch ◽  
Charlotte Glümer ◽  
Kristine Faerch ◽  
Line Kessel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Retinal Vessel Diameters

Purpose. To describe associations between retinal vessel diameters and cardiovascular risk markers and mortality.Methods. The present study included 908 persons aged 30 to 60 years. Vessel diameters were expressed as central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) and central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE). Multiple linear regression analyses and Cox regression models were used.Results. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that narrower CRAE was associated with higher systolic blood pressure, age, and higher HDL cholesterol, whereas wider CRAE and CRVE were associated with smoking. Narrower CRVE was associated with higher HDL cholesterol. In an age-adjusted model, associations between wider CRVE and risk of ischemic heart disease were found (P<0.001). Wider CRVE was associated with all-cause mortality (HR = 2.02,P=0.033) in a model adjusted for age, gender, and blood pressure. However, the association was not statistically significant after additional adjustment for smoking.Conclusions. The associations between retinal vessel diameters and known cardiovascular risk factors were confirmed. All-cause mortality was not associated with retinal vessel diameters when adjusting for relevant confounders.

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