Children’s vicarious ratings of social touch are tuned to the velocity but not the location of a caress

Affective sharing is a bottom-up process involving automatic processing of sensory inputs that facilitate vicarious experience of another’s emotional state. It is grounded directly in the prior experiences of the perceiver. In adults, vicarious ratings of affective touch match the known velocity tuning and hypothesised anatomical distribution of C-tactile afferents (CT), a subclass of C-fibre which respond preferentially to low force/velocity stroking touch, typically perceived as pleasant. Given the centrality of touch to early nurturing interactions, here we examined whether primary school aged children’s vicarious ratings of affective touch show the same anatomical and velocity specific patterns reported in adults. Forty-four children aged between 8 and 11 (mean age 9, 24 male) rated a sequence of video clips depicting one individual being touched by another on 5 different upper-body sites (palm, dorsal forearm, ventral forearm, upper-arm and back) at 3 different velocities (static, CT optimal, slow stroking and non-CT optimal, fast stroking). Immediately after viewing each clip, participants were asked to rate how pleasant they perceived the touch to be. While children rated the CT optimal velocity significantly higher than static or non-CT optimal touch, unlike adults their ratings did not vary across skin sites. This difference may reflect the fact children’s ratings are grounded in bottom-up affective resonance while adults also draw on top-down cognitive evaluation of the broader social context when rating the stimuli.

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Children’s vicarious ratings of social touch are tuned to the velocity but not the location of a caress.

10.31234/osf.io/396hb ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Connor Haggarty ◽

Paula Trotter ◽

Francis McGlone ◽

Susannah Walker

Keyword(s):

Upper Body ◽

Vicarious Experience ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Anatomical Distribution ◽

Optimal Velocity ◽

Affective Touch ◽

Video Clips ◽

Cognitive Evaluation ◽

Force Velocity ◽

Prior Experiences

Affective sharing is a bottom-up process involving automatic processing of sensory inputs that facilitate vicarious experience of another’s emotional state. It is grounded directly in the prior experiences of the perceiver. In adults, vicarious ratings of affective touch match the known velocity tuning and hypothesized anatomical distribution of C-tactile afferents (CT), a subclass of C-fiber which respond preferentially to low force/velocity stroking touch, typically perceived as pleasant. Given the centrality of touch to early nurturing interactions, here we examined whether primary school aged children’s vicarious ratings of affective touch show the same anatomical and velocity specific patterns reported in adults. Forty-four children aged between 8 and 11 (mean age 9, 24 male) rated a sequence of video clips depicting one individual being touched by another on 5 different upper-body sites (palm, dorsal forearm, ventral forearm, upper-arm and back) at 3 different velocities (static, CT optimal, slow stroking and non-CT optimal, fast stroking). Immediately after viewing each clip, participants were asked to rate how pleasant they perceived the touch to be. While children rated the CT optimal velocity significantly higher than static or non-CT optimal touch, unlike adults their ratings did not vary across skin sites. This difference may reflect the fact children’s ratings are grounded in bottom-up affective resonance while adults also draw on top-down cognitive evaluation of the broader social context when rating the stimuli.

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Inter-Rater Reliability of the Mouse-Personal Computer Style Instrument (M-PeCS)

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193120905301413 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 53 (14) ◽

pp. 917-921

Author(s):

David L. Lee ◽

Jack T. Dennerlein ◽

Nancy A. Baker

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Musculoskeletal Pain ◽

Personal Computer ◽

Computer Users ◽

Upper Body ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Video Clips ◽

Computer Mouse ◽

Potential Applications

The purpose of this study was to test the inter-rater reliability of an observational instrument, the Mouse-Personal Computer Style instrument (M-PeCS), which assesses the stereotypical postures and movements of the upper body and upper extremity associated with computer mouse use. Two trained raters independently rated the video clips of 10 computer users completing three mouse tasks (pointing, steering, and dragging) for a total of 30 video clips to determine the inter-rater reliability. All but two items on the M-PeCS had good to excellent reliability (ICC=0.75 to 1.00). These results suggest that most items on the M-PeCS can be used to reliably document computer mouse use style between trained raters. Potential applications of this study include identifying and quantifying the exposure to postural risk factors that may contribute to hand and forearm musculoskeletal pain associated with intensive computer mouse use.

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Force–Velocity Relationship of Upper Body Muscles: Traditional Versus Ballistic Bench Press

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.2015-0162 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 178-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Amador García-Ramos ◽

Slobodan Jaric ◽

Paulino Padial ◽

Belén Feriche

Keyword(s):

Bench Press ◽

Maximum Velocity ◽

Maximum Force ◽

Upper Body ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Mean Values ◽

Repetition Maximum ◽

Velocity Relationship ◽

Force Velocity ◽

Relationship Of

This study aimed to (1) evaluate the linearity of the force–velocity relationship, as well as the reliability of maximum force (F0), maximum velocity (V0), slope (a), and maximum power (P0); (2) compare these parameters between the traditional and ballistic bench press (BP); and (3) determine the correlation of F0 with the directly measured BP 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Thirty-two men randomly performed 2 sessions of traditional BP and 2 sessions of ballistic BP during 2 consecutive weeks. Both the maximum and mean values of force and velocity were recorded when loaded by 20–70% of 1RM. All force–velocity relationships were strongly linear (r > .99). While F0 and P0 were highly reliable (ICC: 0.91–0.96, CV: 3.8–5.1%), lower reliability was observed for V0 and a (ICC: 0.49–0.81, CV: 6.6–11.8%). Trivial differences between exercises were found for F0 (ES: < 0.2), however the a was higher for the traditional BP (ES: 0.68–0.94), and V0 (ES: 1.04–1.48) and P0 (ES: 0.65–0.72) for the ballistic BP. The F0 strongly correlated with BP 1RM (r: 0.915–0.938). The force–velocity relationship is useful to assess the upper body maximal capabilities to generate force, velocity, and power.

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Lower Limb Force, Velocity, Power Capabilities during Leg Press and Squat Movements

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0043-118341 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (14) ◽

pp. 1083-1089 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Johnny Padulo ◽

Gian Migliaccio ◽

Luca Ardigò ◽

Bruno Leban ◽

Marco Cosso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Velocity Profile ◽

Effect Size ◽

Power Output ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Maximal Power ◽

Maximal Power Output ◽

Optimal Velocity ◽

Leg Press ◽

Maximal Force ◽

Force Velocity

AbstractThe aim was to compare lower-limb power, force, and velocity capabilities between squat and leg press movements. Ten healthy sportsmen performed ballistic lower-limb push-offs against 5-to-12 different loads during both the squat and leg press. Individual linear force-velocity and polynomial power-velocity relationships were determined for both movements from push-off mean force and velocity measured continuously with a pressure sensor and linear encoder. Maximal power output, theoretical maximal force and velocity, force-velocity profile and optimal velocity were computed. During the squat, maximal power output (17.7±3.59 vs. 10.9±1.39 W·kg−1), theoretical maximal velocity (1.66±0.29 vs. 0.88±0.18 m·s−1), optimal velocity (0.839±0.144 vs. 0.465±0.107 m·s−1), and force-velocity profile (−27.2±8.5 vs. −64.3±29.5 N·s·m−1·kg−1) values were significantly higher than during the leg press (p=0.000, effect size=1.72–3.23), whereas theoretical maximal force values (43.1±8.6 vs. 51.9±14.0 N·kg−1, p=0.034, effect size=0.75) were significantly lower. The mechanical capabilities of the lower-limb extensors were different in the squat compared with the leg press with higher maximal power due to much higher velocity capabilities (e.g. ability to produce force at high velocities) even if moderately lower maximal force qualities.

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Force–Velocity Vs. Power–Velocity Relationships: Which Method Provides the Maximum Power and Optimal Velocity with Higher Reliability during the Leg Cycle-Ergometer and Bench Press Throw Exercises?

Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science ◽

10.1080/1091367x.2021.1878184 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Alejandro Pérez-Castilla ◽

Amador García-Ramos

Keyword(s):

Bench Press ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Optimal Velocity ◽

Force Velocity

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The Novel Single-Stroke Kayak Test: Can It Discriminate Between 200-m and Longer-Distance (500- and 1000-m) Specialists in Canoe Sprint?

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2019-0925 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Milos R. Petrovic ◽

Amador García-Ramos ◽

Danica N. Janicijevic ◽

Alejandro Pérez-Castilla ◽

Olivera M. Knezevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bench Press ◽

Maximum Velocity ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Maximum Force ◽

Upper Body ◽

Traditional Resistance Training ◽

Force Velocity ◽

The Individual ◽

Pull Tests ◽

Training Exercises

Purpose: To test whether the force–velocity (F–V) relationship obtained during a specific single-stroke kayak test (SSKT) and during nonspecific traditional resistance-training exercises (bench press and prone bench pull) could discriminate between 200-m specialists and longer-distance (500- and 1000-m) specialists in canoe sprint. Methods: A total of 21 experienced male kayakers (seven 200-m specialists and 14 longer-distance specialists) participated in this study. After a familiarization session, kayakers came to the laboratory on 2 occasions separated by 48 to 96 hours. In a randomized order, kayakers performed the SSKT in one session and the bench press and bench pull tests in another session. Force and velocity outputs were recorded against 5 loads in each exercise to determine the F–V relationship and related parameters (maximum force, maximum velocity, F–V slope, and maximum power). Results: The individual F–V relationships were highly linear for the SSKT (r = .990 [.908, .998]), bench press (r = .993 [.974, .999]), and prone bench pull (r = .998 [.992, 1.000]). The F–V relationship parameters (maximum force, maximum velocity, and maximum power) were significantly higher for 200-m specialists compared with longer-distance specialists (all Ps ≤ .047) with large effect sizes (≥0.94) revealing important practical differences. However, no significant differences were observed between 200-m specialists and longer-distance specialists in the F–V slope (P ≥ .477). Conclusions: The F–V relationship assessed during both specific (SSKT) and nonspecific upper-body tasks (bench press and bench pull) may distinguish between kayakers specialized in different distances.

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Selective effects of different fatigue protocols on the function of upper body muscles assessed through the force–velocity relationship

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-017-3786-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 118 (2) ◽

pp. 439-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amador García-Ramos ◽

Alejandro Torrejón ◽

Belén Feriche ◽

Antonio J. Morales-Artacho ◽

Alejandro Pérez-Castilla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upper Body ◽

Velocity Relationship ◽

Force Velocity ◽

Selective Effects

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Effects of an 8-Week In-Season Upper Limb Elastic Band Training Programme on the Peak Power, Strength, and Throwing Velocity of Junior Handball Players

Sportverletzung · Sportschaden ◽

10.1055/a-0819-5185 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (03) ◽

pp. 133-141

Author(s):

Ghaith Aloui ◽

Souhail Hermassi ◽

Mehrez Hammami ◽

Nawel Gaamouri ◽

El Ghali Bouhafs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

Bench Press ◽

National Level ◽

Training Programme ◽

Upper Body ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Control Group ◽

Elastic Band ◽

Team Handball ◽

Force Velocity

Abstract Background Team handball is an intense sport with special requirements on technical and tactical skills as well as physical performance. The ability of handball players to make repeated powerful muscular contractions in pushing and throwing the ball is crucial to success. Objective This study investigated the effects of elastic band training on upper body peak power output, ball throwing velocity, and local muscle volume of junior handball players. Materials and Methods Thirty handball players (a single national-level Tunisian team) were randomly assigned to a control group (CG; n = 15) and an experimental group (EG; n = 15). Pre- and post-interventional measurements included force-velocity tests, one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and pull-over strength, ball throwing velocity in three types of throw (jumping shot, 3-step running throw, and standing throw), and anthropometric estimates of limb volumes. The EG additionally performed an elastic band training programme twice a week for 8 weeks immediately before engaging in regular handball training. The control group underwent no additional elastic band training. Results The EG demonstrated greater improvements in absolute and relative peak power (p < 0.001; 49.3 ± 22.9 % and 47.9 ± 24.6 %, respectively), 1RM strength (p < 0.001; 25.3 ± 2.2 % and 44.1 ± 9.0 % for 1RM bench press and pull over, respectively), and throwing velocity in all three types of ball throws (p < 0.001; 25.1–26.1 %), compared to the CG (3.9–4.4 %). Limb volumes increased significantly (p = 0.001, 8.0 ± 7.5 %) in the EG, with no significant change (p = 0.175, 2.6 ± 7.0 %) in the CG. Conclusions We conclude that additional elastic band training performed twice a week for 8 weeks improves measures relevant to game performance, particularly strength, power, and ball throwing velocity.

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Socio-affective touch expression database

10.1101/161729 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Haemy Lee Masson ◽

Hans Op de Beeck

Keyword(s):

Affective Computing ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Affective Touch ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Video Clips ◽

Social Touch ◽

Wide Range ◽

Complete Set ◽

Behavioural Experiments ◽

Valence And Arousal

AbstractSocio-affective touch communication conveys a vast amount of information about emotions and intentions in social contexts. In spite of the complexity of the socio-affective touch expressions we use daily, previous studies addressed only a few aspects of social touch mainly focusing on hedonics, such as stroking, leaving a wide range of social touch behaviour unexplored. To overcome this limit, we present the Socio-Affective Touch Expression Database (SATED), which includes a large range of dynamic interpersonal socio-affective touch events varying in valence and arousal. The original database contained 26 different social touch expressions each performed by three actor pairs. To validate each touch expression, we conducted two behavioural experiments investigating perceived naturalness and affective values. Based on the rated naturalness, 13 socio-affective touch expressions along with 12 corresponding non-social touch events were selected as a complete set, achieving 75 video clips in total. Moreover, we quantified motion energy for each touch expression to investigate its intrinsic correlations with perceived affective values and its similarity among actor-and action-pairs. As a result, the touch expression database is not only systematically defined and well-controlled, but also spontaneous and natural, while eliciting clear affective responses. This database will allow a fine-grained investigation of complex interpersonal socio-affective touch in the realm of social psychology and neuroscience along with potential application areas in affective computing and neighbouring fields.

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