scholarly journals Dietary homogenization and spatial distributions of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope ratios in human hair in South Korea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256404
Author(s):  
Han-Seul Lee ◽  
Ji-Yu Shim ◽  
Woo-Jin Shin ◽  
Seung-Hyun Choi ◽  
Yeon-Sik Bong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Sulfur Isotope ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
S Isotope

Dietary homogenization has progressed worldwide due to westernization and the globalization of food production systems. We investigated dietary heterogeneity in South Korea by examining the spatial distribution of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) isotope ratios using 264 human hair samples. Overall, variation in isotope values was small, indicating low dietary heterogeneity. We detected differences in δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S values between administrative provinces and metropolitan cities; inter-regional differences were typically < 1 ‰. Values of δ34S were significantly lower in hair samples from inland regions relative to those from coastal locations, and a similar pattern was observed in δ15N values. Understanding geographic variation in δ34S and δ15N values in human hair is useful for provenancing humans in South Korea.

Socioeconomic and geographic implications from carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope ratios in human hair from Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 110455
Author(s):  
Saskia Ammer ◽  
Eric Bartelink ◽  
Jennifer Vollner ◽  
Bruce Anderson ◽  
Eugénia Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Sulfur Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratios

scholarly journals Spatial distributions of strontium isotope ratios in human hair and tap water from South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 151352
Author(s):  
Woo-Jin Shin ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Gautam ◽  
Ji-Yu Shim ◽  
Han-Seul Lee ◽  
Sanghee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Strontium Isotope ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Strontium Isotope Ratios

Considerations for Stable Isotope Analysis of Human Hair

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Saul ◽  
Lesley Chesson ◽  
Dawnie Steadman ◽  
Gwyneth Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Postmortem Changes ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Hair Samples

Stable isotope analysis of postmortem hair is performed in order to make inferences about an individual’s diet and geographic travel history prior to death. During analysis and interpretation, investigators assume that the hair collected from a postmortem environment has not been altered by exposure conditions and that the isotopic “signatures” of hair prior to exposure are preserved in postmortem samples. In order to confidently make inferences from postmortem hair samples, it is necessary to know whether their isotope ratios undergo postmortem changes. To address this question, post-exposure hair samples (n = 44) were collected from known body donors at the Anthropology Research Facility in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, at various time points ranging from 22 to 1,140 days of exposure. These samples were analyzed for carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), hydrogen (δ2H), and oxygen (δ18O) isotope ratios, and the results were compared with pre-exposure hair samples collected from the same donors. This study highlights considerations for the interpretation of isotope ratios obtained from postmortem hair samples in forensic contexts. The results indicate that δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O values from human hair remain relatively consistent over periods up to three years of outdoor exposure, while δ2H values changed significantly between pre-and post-exposure hair samples.

Trophic ecology of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) compared with that of other arctic marine biota as interpreted from carbon-, nitrogen-, and sulfur-isotope signatures

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
P F Hoekstra ◽  
L A Dehn ◽  
J C George ◽  
K R Solomon ◽  
D CG Muir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Sulfur Isotope ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Balaena Mysticetus ◽  
Bowhead Whales ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
S Isotope

In this study, stable carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), and sulfur (δ34S) isotope ratios were measured in muscle tissue from the Bering–Chukchi–Beaufort Sea population of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus; n = 84) and various marine biota between 1997 and 2000. In previous investigations, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in baleen from this population have been used to elucidate age, migratory behaviour, and feeding ecology. However, information on δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S isotope patterns in bowhead whale muscle tissue and variability within the Bering Sea population is limited. Stable sulfur isotope values did not vary with δ13C enrichment for three consecutive seasons (n = 53) and this suggests that habitat selection by bowhead whales was consistent over the sampling period. We found that in contrast to other studies, seasonal differences (spring versus fall) in δ13C values were not associated with seasonal changes in δ15N values, suggesting either that bowhead whales maintain a consistently lower trophic position relative to other marine mammals or that stable carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation is tissue-dependent and (or) isotope-dependent within this species. Seasonal fluctuation in δ13C values was consistent for all age classes of bowhead whales and suggests that the Bering and Beaufort seas are both important regions for feeding.

Spatial distributions of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur isotope ratios in human hair across the central United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 861-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano O. Valenzuela ◽  
Lesley A. Chesson ◽  
Shannon P. O'Grady ◽  
Thure E. Cerling ◽  
James R. Ehleringer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Sulfur Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Central United States

Human-hair analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 886-887
Author(s):  
Brenda E. Lambert ◽  
Ernest C. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Hair Analysis ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
White Female ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Wave Technique ◽  
Permanent Wave ◽  
Scanning Electron

The purpose of this study was to examine the external structure of four human hair shaft samples with the scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and to obtain information regarding the chemical composition of hair by using the attached x ray microanalysis unit.The hair samples were obtained from two female subjects. Sample A was taken from a black female and had not undergone any type of chemical processing. Sample B, C, D were taken from a white female, and were natural, processed, and unpigmented, i.e. “gray”, respectively. Sample C had been bleached, tinted, and chemically altered using a permanent wave technique.

Phosphorus: Past History and Contributions to the Global Food Supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Past History ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Global Food Supply

Since its early rudimentary forms, phosphate fertilizer has developed in step with our understanding of successful food production systems. Recognized as essential to life, the responsible use P in agriculture remains key to food security.

Plant Oil-Based Nanoemulsions: Preparation and Efficacy for Hair Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Gonçalves Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Juliana Falcão Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Cristal dos Santos Cerqueira Pinto ◽  
Elisabete Pereira Santos ◽  
Claudia Regina Elias Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Average Size

Background:: The use of polymers in hair care products is widespread, and silicones in particular are extensively used in cosmetic formulations. In addition, plant oils can also be used for hair treatment. Objective: In the present work, oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions were prepared to repair chemical damage to human hair samples, to investigate the combined use of a silicone polyether copolymer (surfactant) that has a branch composed of poly(ethylene oxide) in its chains, and two types of plant oils: coconut and ojon oil. Materials and Methods:: Surfactant-oil-water formulations were obtained by ultrasonic processing. The nanoemulsions were then applied to human hair strands previously damaged with sodium hydroxide, to compare the treated strands with untreated ones. The efficacy of the formulations was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and mechanical tests. Results and Discussion:: Stables nanoemulsions were obtained with average size of the dispersed droplets up to 400 nm. The micrographs suggest that the action mechanism of the nanoemulsions depends not only on the type of plant oil used and size of the droplets dispersed in the system, but also on the type of hair that receives the treatment. The thermal analysis showed that the use of nanoemulsion changed the temperature of keratin interconversion to higher values, which can make hair fibers more resistant to heat. Hair resistance was improved when comparing virgin samples to the damaged ones. Conclusion:: The nanoemulsions were efficient in the treatment of the hair samples, which showed a significant improvement of their mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Sustainability Analysis of Interconnected Food Production Systems via Theory of Barriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 15765-15770
Author(s):  
Tim Aschenbruck ◽  
Willem Esterhuizen ◽  
Murali Padmanabha ◽  
Stefan Streif
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sustainability Analysis
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