scholarly journals General population perspectives of dementia risk reduction and the implications for intervention: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative evidence

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257540
Author(s):  
Eleanor Curran ◽  
Terence W. H. Chong ◽  
Kali Godbee ◽  
Charles Abraham ◽  
Nicola T. Lautenschlager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Thematic Synthesis ◽  
Risk Reduction Behaviour ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Reduction Behaviour ◽  
Guide Intervention

Background Evidence for the potential prevention of dementia through lifestyle risk factor modification is growing and has prompted examination of implementation approaches. Understanding the general population’s perspectives regarding dementia risk reduction is key to implementation. This may provide useful insights into more effective and efficient ways to help people change relevant beliefs, motivations and behaviour patterns. We conducted a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative evidence to develop an integrated model of general population dementia risk reduction perspectives and the implications for intervention in research and implementation contexts. Methods and findings We searched electronic databases, supplemented by lateral search techniques, to identify studies published since 1995 reporting qualitative dementia risk reduction perspectives of the non-expert general population who do not have dementia. Thematic synthesis, incorporating an expert panel discussion, was used to identify overarching themes and develop an integrated model to guide intervention to support individuals to adopt and maintain dementia risk reduction behaviour patterns. Quality of included studies and confidence in review findings were systematically appraised. We included 50 papers, reflecting the views of more than 4,500 individuals. Main themes were: 1) The need for effective education about a complex topic to prevent confusion and facilitate understanding and empowerment; 2) Personally relevant short- and long-term benefits of dementia risk reduction behaviour patterns can generate value and facilitate action; 3) Individuals benefit from trusted, reliable and sensitive support to convert understanding to personal commitment to relevant behaviour change; 4) Choice, control and relevant self-regulatory supports help individuals take-action and direct their own progress; 5) Collaborative and empowering social opportunities can facilitate and propagate dementia risk reduction behaviour change; 6) Individual behaviour patterns occur in social contexts that influence beliefs through heuristic processes and need to be understood. Findings indicate that, for intervention: 1) education is key, but both content and delivery need to be tailored; 2) complementary interventions to support self-regulation mechanisms and social processes will increase education effectiveness; 3) co-design principles should guide intervention design and delivery processes; 4) all interventions need to be supported by context-specific data. Conclusions This systematic review and thematic synthesis provides a comprehensive, integrated model of the dementia risk reduction perspectives of the general population and intervention approaches to support behaviour change that can be applied in clinical trial and real-world implementation settings. Findings extend existing knowledge and may assist more effective intervention design and delivery.

scholarly journals Increasing knowledge on dementia risk reduction in the general population: Results of a public awareness campaign

2021 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 106522
Author(s):  
Stephanie Van Asbroeck ◽  
Martin P.J. van Boxtel ◽  
Jan Steyaert ◽  
Sebastian Köhler ◽  
Irene Heger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Awareness Campaign ◽  
Public Awareness Campaign ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Increasing Knowledge

scholarly journals Cross-cultural validation of the Motivation to Change Lifestyle and Health Behaviours for Dementia Risk Reduction scale in the Dutch general population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Joxhorst ◽  
Joyce Vrijsen ◽  
Jacobien Niebuur ◽  
Nynke Smidt
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Motivation To Change ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Dementia Risk

Abstract BACKGROUND: This study aims to translate and validate the Motivation to Change Lifestyle and Health Behaviours for Dementia Risk Reduction (MCLHB-DRR) scale in the Dutch general population. METHODS: A random sample of Dutch residents aged between 30 and 80 years old were invited to complete an online questionnaire including the translated MCLHB-DRR scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were conducted to assess construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to assess internal consistency. RESULTS: 618 participants completed the questionnaire. EFA and Cronbach’s alpha showed that four items were candidate for deletion. CFA confirmed that deleting these items led to an excellent fit (RMSEA = 0.043, CFI = 0.960, TLI = 0.951, χ²/df = 2.130). Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.69 to 0.93, indicating good internal consistency. CONCLUSION: The Dutch MCLHB-DRR scale demonstrated to have good validity to assess the health beliefs and attitudes towards dementia risk reduction.

scholarly journals Knowledge, health beliefs and attitudes towards dementia and dementia risk reduction among the Dutch general population: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vrijsen ◽  
T. F. Matulessij ◽  
T. Joxhorst ◽  
S. E. de Rooij ◽  
N. Smidt
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Intention To Change ◽  
Health Beliefs And Attitudes ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

Abstract Background Positive health beliefs and attitudes towards dementia and dementia risk reduction may encourage adopting a healthy behaviour. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the knowledge, health beliefs and attitudes towards dementia and dementia risk reduction among the Dutch general population and its association with the intention to change health behaviours. Methods A random sample of Dutch residents (30 to 80 years) was invited to complete an online survey. We collected data on knowledge, health beliefs and attitudes towards dementia (risk reduction) and the intention to change health behaviours. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to obtain effect estimates. Results Six hundred fifty-five participants completed the survey. In general, participants had insufficient knowledge about dementia and dementia risk reduction. Participants had relatively high scores on general health motivation and perceived benefits, but low scores on perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, cues to action and self-efficacy. Individuals with higher scores on perceived benefits and cues to action had more often the intention to change their behaviour with regard to physical activity (OR = 1.33, 95%-CI:1.11–1.58; OR = 1.13, 95%-CI:1.03–1.24, respectively) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.30, 95%-CI:1.00–1.69; OR = 1.17, 95%-CI:1.02–1.35, respectively). Younger excessive alcohol consumers with higher perceived severity scores had more often the intention to change their alcohol consumption behaviour (OR = 2.70, 95%-CI:1.04–6.97) compared to older excessive alcohol consumers. Opposite results were found for middle-aged excessive alcohol consumers (OR = 0.81, 95%-CI:0.67–0.99). Individuals who perceived more barriers had more often the intention to change their diet (OR = 1.10, 95%-CI:1.01–1.21), but less often the intention to change their smoking behaviour (OR = 0.78, 95%-CI:0.63–0.98). Moreover, less educated individuals with higher perceived benefits scores had less often the intention to change their diet (OR = 0.78, 95%-CI:0.60–0.99), while highly educated individuals with higher perceived benefits scores had more often the intention to change their diet (OR = 1.41, 95%-CI:1.12–1.78). Conclusions The knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards dementia and dementia risk reduction among the Dutch general population is insufficient to support dementia risk reduction. More education about dementia and dementia risk reduction is needed to improve health beliefs and attitudes towards dementia and dementia risk reduction in order to change health behaviour.

Food hazard characteristics and risk reduction behaviour

2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 875-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary McCarthy ◽  
Mary Brennan ◽  
Christopher Ritson ◽  
Martine de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Risk Reduction Behaviour ◽  
Reduction Behaviour

scholarly journals 435 - Perspectives of the general public on dementia risk reduction (DRR) and implications for implementation: a qualitative evidence synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
Eleanor Curran ◽  
Kali Godbee ◽  
Terence W.H. Chong ◽  
Charles Abraham ◽  
Nicola T. Lautenschlager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
General Public ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Qualitative Evidence Synthesis ◽  
List Type ◽  
Thematic Synthesis ◽  
Qualitative Evidence

There is limited understanding of which factors most influence take-up of DRR behaviour in the general population. This evidence gap may limit the effectiveness of DRR implementation and, hence, impede translation of increasing evidence for DRR1 into real-world public health benefits.Reviews of quantitative studies have identified poor knowledge and persistence of myths about ageing2,3 as important. However, these findings are limited by the scope of included questionnaires.Qualitative literature reporting the perspectives of the general public offers an opportunity to increase this understanding. Qualitative studies can examine poorly understood phenomena in greater depth and with fewer a priori assumptions. Qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) is increasingly recognised as valuable, particularly in relation to complex interventions like DRR.We will present a QES regarding the perspectives of dementia- free members of the general public towards DRR. Searches indicate that no QES for this topic currently exists.Systematic searches of Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and CINAHL for studies published since 1995 that have used qualitative methods to explore DRR perspectives in the general public were undertaken, supplemented by hand searches of included studies’ reference lists. Following independent screening by two reviewers, 41 publications based on 37 individual studies meeting inclusion criteria have been identified.Data will be analysed using thematic synthesis, as outlined by Thomas and Harden (2008)4 and recommended for QES regarding complex health interventions5. ‘Line-by-line’ inductive coding and development of descriptive themes across studies will produce a summary of the perspectives of the general public for DRR. A conceptual framework explaining the relationships between key themes and considering the implications for implementation will be proposed.The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool will be used to appraise included studies. Rather than imposing an arbitrary quality cut-off point for inclusion, sensitivity analyses will be used to examine the influence of lower quality studies on review findings. Finally, the Confidence in the Evidence from Qualitative Reviews (CERQual) approach will facilitate assessment of confidence in review findings to aid future use. Data extraction is ongoing.Findings from this synthesis will support better targeted quantitative examination of DRR implementation determinants and more strategic intervention design. 1.World Health Organisation. Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guidelines. World Health Organisation. 2019. Geneva. Licence CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO2.Cahill, S., Pierce, M., Werner, P., Darley, A., Bobersky, A. A systematic review of the public’s knowledge and understanding of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Alz Dis Assoc Disord. 2015; 29:255-2753.Cations, M., Radisic, G., Crotty, M., Laver, K.E. What does the general public understand about prevention and treatment of dementia? A systematic review of population-based surveys. PLoS One. 2018, 13(4):e01960854.Thomas, J. and Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews, BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2008 July; 8:45. doi 10.1186/1471-2288-8-455.Noyes, J., Booth, A., Cargo, M., et al. (2018). Cochrane Qualitative and Implementation Methods Group guidance series – paper 1: introduction. J of Clin Epidemiol. 2018; 97:35-38

scholarly journals A RE-AIM Evaluation of a multi-modal real-world intervention for dementia risk reduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Stirling ◽  
Helga Merl ◽  
Indra Arunachalam ◽  
Ashley Turner ◽  
Carolyn King
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Computer Literacy ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Wellness Program ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Dementia Risk

Abstract Background This implementation study evaluated a novel community-based Memory Wellness Program targeting dementia risk reduction through increasing health knowledge and health promoting behaviours in older adults. The nurse-led eight-week program involved the following behaviour change strategies: goal-setting, education, group activity, and introduction to the use of iPads and Misfit activity trackers. The multi-model program was delivered in a realworld setting using pop-up clinics run by a Registered Nurse, across 18 different sites. Methods Using a quasi-experimental mixed methods design, and a RE-AIM framework, the study evaluated the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance of the MWP. A total of 179 older adults aged 65 years and over participated in the evaluation across eighteen locations in three states and a territory of Australia. Paired t-tests were carried out on all pretest-posttest clinical data. In-depth interviews were conducted with seventeen participants and staff. Results Engagement in the program was associated with improved cognition, lowered BP and stress and increased engagement with technology. There was a trend towards reduced feelings of loneliness. Participants’ main motivations for undertaking the program were to improve memory, meet new people and improve technology use and computer literacy, with most participants reporting that these goals had been met through the program. The program was effective across multiple sites demonstrating it can successfully be implemented in different contexts and that the range of behaviour change techniques suit a useful multi-modal program. Conclusions This evaluation of a community-based Memory Wellness Program demonstrated increased cognitive function in older adults presenting with concerns about their cognition and memory. The statistically significant results and medium to large effect sizes suggest that further research is warranted to assess the efficacy of multi-modal community-based programs for improving memory and mental health with a focus on dementia risk reduction in older adults.

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