scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections among undocumented migrants and uninsured legal residents in the Netherlands: A cross-sectional study, 2018–2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258932
Author(s):  
Sarineke Klok ◽  
Eline van Dulm ◽  
Anders Boyd ◽  
Ellen Generaal ◽  
Sally Eskander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Background Migrants are not routinely screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Netherlands. We estimated the prevalence and determined factors associated with HBV, HCV and/or HIV infections among undocumented migrants and uninsured legal residents. Methods In this cross-sectional study, undocumented migrants and uninsured legal residents were recruited at a non governmental organization (NGO), healthcare facility in the Netherlands and were invited to be tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBcAb), HCV-RNA, and anti-HIV antibodies or HIV antigen at a local laboratory. Results Of the 1376 patients invited, 784 (57%) participated. Participants originated from Africa (35%), Asia (30%) and North/South America (30%). 451/784 (58%) participants went to the laboratory for testing. Of participants 30% were HBV exposed (anti-HBcAb-positive), with 27% (n = 119/438, 95% CI 23.1% to 31.6%) having resolved HBV infection (HBsAg-negative) and 2.5% (n = 11/438, 95%CI 1.3% to 4.5%, 64% new infection) having chronic HBV infection (HBsAg-positive). Compared to HBV non-exposed, HBV exposed individuals were older (p = 0.034) and more often originated from Africa (p<0.001). Prevalence of chronic HCV infection (HCV-RNA-positive) was 0.7% (n = 3/435, 95%CI 0.1% to 2.0%, all new infections) and HIV infection 1.1% (n = 5/439, 95%CI 0.04% to 2.6%, 40% new infection). Conclusion Prevalence of chronic HBV, chronic HCV and HIV infections in our study population is higher compared to the Dutch population, thus emphasizing the importance of case finding for these infections through primary care and public health in this specific group of migrants. Screening uptake could be improved by on-site testing.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Major Transfusion-Transmissible Infections among Foreign Departing Employees from Itahari, Nepal.

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Jenish Shakya ◽  
Bijay Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Hemanta Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Anti Hiv

Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis that are transmitted from person to person through parenteral, administration of blood or blood products leading to serious health problems. The present study was lab based cross-sectional study conducted from February 2018 to August 2019 to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B, HIV, hepatitis C, and syphilis among the foreign departing employees from Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal. The samples were screened for the presence of anti-HIV IgG, HBsAg, anti-syphilis and anti-HCV IgG using commercial rapid test kits following standard protocols. A total of 4260 samples processed, the overall seroprevalence of TTIs was found to be 1.22% (52/4260). Seroprevalence of HIV was found to be 0.05% (2/4260), HBV was found to be 0.53% (23/4260), HCV was found to be 0.18% (8/4260) and syphilis was found to be 0.45% (19/4260). Among the transfusion transmissible infections in individuals going for foreign employment, the most prevalent was found to be hepatitis B (0.53%). In overall, the TTIs infection was most prevalent in the age group of 24-29 (0.35%) and 30-35 (0.35%) years. Further investigation including studying the prevalence of TTIs in general population is required to address the issue and to formulate proper preventive, diagnosis and treatment procedures of these infections.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection in undocumented migrants and refugees in southern Italy, January 2012 to June 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Coppola ◽  
Loredana Alessio ◽  
Luciano Gualdieri ◽  
Mariantonietta Pisaturo ◽  
Caterina Sagnelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan

Screening of undocumented migrants or refugees for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections has been offered free of charge and free from bureaucratic procedures since 2012 at four primary-level clinical centres in Naples and Caserta, Italy. Of 926 undocumented migrants and refugees visiting one of the primary-level clinical centres from January 2012 to June 2013, 882 (95%) were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), total hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and antibodies against HCV and HIV. Of the 882 individuals enrolled, 78 (9%) were HBsAg positive, 35 (4%) anti-HCV positive and 11 (1%) anti-HIV positive (single infections); seven (1%) had more than one infection (three were HBsAg positive). Of the 801 HBsAg-negative patients, 373 (47%) were anti-HBc positive. The HBsAg-positivity rate was high (14%; 62/444) in individuals from sub-Saharan Africa and intermediate in those from eastern Europe (6%; 12/198), northern Africa (2%; 2/80) and Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (the ‘India-Pakistan area’) (3%; 4/126). Anti-HCV was detected in 9/126 (7%) individuals originating from the India-Pakistan area, in 12/198 (6%) from eastern Europe, in 17/444 (4%) from sub-Saharan and in 2/80 (2%) from northern Africa. The HBV, HCV and HIV infections in the undocumented migrants and refugees screened serve as a reminder to the Italian healthcare authorities to carry out extensive screening and educational programmes for these populations.

scholarly journals Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Chronic Hepatitis B Serological Markers among Senegalese HIV Co-infected Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Abou Ba ◽  
Fatou K Ndiaye ◽  
Yaay J Djeng ◽  
Cecile Cames ◽  
Aminata Diack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes complex interactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence and HBV evolution among HIV coinfected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 252 HIV infected children enrolled in the H

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV infection among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Argentina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias Javier Pereson ◽  
Alfredo Martinez ◽  
Katia Isaac ◽  
Gustavo Laham ◽  
Ezequiel Ridruejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hcv Genotyping

Background and Aim: Blood-borne infections are a major cause of damage in individuals on hemodialysis (HD). In particular, knowledge about the viral status of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in HD patients is gold data to face medical challenges. Related information is scarce in Argentina. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections in HD patients from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methods: Seven hundred and forty-eight HD patients were included in a retrospective cross-sectional study. Laboratories assays were performed to determine virological status. HCV genotyping was carried out by phylogenetic analysis of NS5B partial gene. Results: Infection with one of the viruses was detected in 31.1% of patients [HBV in 82 (11.0%), HCV in 179 (23.9%), and HIV in 6 (0.8%)]. Thirty-two (4.3%) patients had two virus markers [27 (3.6%) with HCV/HBV, 4 (0.5%) with HCV/HIV and 1 (0.13%) with HBV/HIV]. Finally, one single patient (0.13%) presented all three markers. Time on dialysis was correlated with HCV infection but no with HBV. Distribution of HCV subtypes was inverted respect to the observed in general population [HCV-1a (73.2%) and HCV-1b (26.8%) in HD vs. HCV-1a (26.5%) and HCV-1b (73.5%) in general population, p<0.001]. Conclusions: These infections, mainly HCV, continue to occur at a very high rate in HD patients. Results emphasize the need to consider a priority the HCV infected patients in dialysis treatment and to vaccine against HBV in order to decrease its morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Seroprevalence and Serology Patterns in a Cohort of HIV Positive Individuals from Harare, Zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayibongwe Louis Mzingwane ◽  
Tafadzwa Mamvura
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Zimbabwe is highly endemic for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and also has high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence rates which may result in HIV/HBV coinfection, and as HIV/HBV coinfection may affect the classical HBV serology patterns and cause interpretation challenges, we assessed the seroprevalence of HBV in HIV positive patients and determined their serology profiles. This was a cross-sectional study on 957 HIV positive specimens from treatment naive patients. HBV serology tests were done using enzyme immunoassays for the detection of HBV markers in human serum or plasma. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence was 17.1% (males 19.0%, females 15.8%). Previous and/or current HBV exposure was evident in 59.8% of the patients and hepatitis B e antigen markers were present in 103 (10.8%) specimens. There was high prevalence of unusual HBV patterns with 14.1% of total specimens showing an anti-HBc alone profile and an additional 4.3% HBsAg positive specimens that were anti-HBc negative.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women living with or at risk for HIV: a cross sectional study in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusegun A. Adeyemi ◽  
Andrew Mitchell ◽  
Ashley Shutt ◽  
Trevor A. Crowell ◽  
Nicaise Ndembi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Condomless Sex ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Despite the development of a safe and efficacious hepatitis B vaccine in 1982, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to shared risk factors for virus acquisition, men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) living with HIV are at increased risk of HBV. We estimated the prevalence of HBV and associated factors for MSM and TGW living with or without HIV in Nigeria. Methods Since March 2013, TRUST/RV368 has recruited MSM and TGW in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria using respondent driven sampling. Participants with HIV diagnosis, enrollment as of June 2015, and available plasma were selected for a cross-sectional study and retrospectively tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with prevalent HBV infection. Results A total of 717 MSM and TGW had a median age of 25 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 21–27), 5% self-reported HBV vaccination, 61% were living with HIV, 10% had prevalent HBV infection and 6% were HIV-HBV co-infected. HIV mono-infected as compared to HIV-HBV co-infected had a higher median CD4 T cell count [425 (IQR: 284–541) vs. 345 (IQR: 164–363) cells/mm3, p = 0.03] and a lower median HIV RNA viral load [4.2 (IQR: 2.3–4.9) vs. 4.7 (IQR: 3.9–5.4) log10copies/mL, p < 0.01]. The only factor independently associated with HBV was self-report of condomless sex at last anal intercourse (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.6). HIV infection was not independently associated with HBV (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.7–1.6). Conclusion HBV prevalence was moderately high but did not differ by HIV in this cohort of MSM and TGW. Recent condomless sex was associated with elevated HBV risk, reinforcing the need to increase communication and education on condom use among key populations in Nigeria. Evaluating use of concurrent HIV antiretroviral therapy with anti-HBV activity may confirm the attenuated HBV prevalence for those living with HIV.

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