scholarly journals Fish provision in a changing environment: The buffering effect of regional trade networks

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261514
Author(s):  
Blanca González-Mon ◽  
Emilie Lindkvist ◽  
Örjan Bodin ◽  
José Alberto Zepeda-Domínguez ◽  
Maja Schlüter
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
System Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Different Types

Local and regional trade networks in small-scale fisheries are important for food security and livelihoods across the world. Such networks consist of both economic flows and social relationships, which connect different production regions to different types of fish demand. The structure of such trade networks, and the actions that take place within them (e.g., people fishing, buying, selling), can influence the capacity of small-scale fisheries to provide sufficient fish in a changing social and ecological context. In this study, we aim to understand the importance of networks between different types of traders that access spatially-distinct fish stocks for the availability and variability of fish provision. We deployed a mixed-methods approach, combining agent-based modelling, network analysis and qualitative data from a small-scale fishery in Baja California Sur, Mexico. The empirical data allowed us to investigate the trade processes that occur within trade networks; and the generation of distinct, empirically-informed network structures. Formalized in an agent-based model, these network structures enable analysis of how different trade networks affect the dynamics of fish provision and the exploitation level of fish stocks. Model results reveal how trade strategies based on social relationships and species diversification can lead to spillover effects between fish species and fishing regions. We found that the proportion of different trader types and their spatial connectivity have the potential to increase fish provision. However, they can also increase overexploitation depending on the specific connectivity patterns and trader types. Moreover, increasing connectivity generally leads to positive outcomes for some individual traders, but this does not necessarily imply better outcomes at the system level. Overall, our model provides an empirically-grounded, stylized representation of a fisheries trading system, and reveals important trade-offs that should be considered when evaluating the potential effect of future changes in regional trade networks.

scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of influence of FADs on community structure and fisheries in coastal Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel K. Mbaru ◽  
Dorcas Sigana ◽  
Renison K. Ruwa ◽  
Elizabeth M. Mueni ◽  
Collins K. Ndoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Coastal Fisheries ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Catch Composition ◽  
Structural Indices ◽  
Fish Aggregating Devices

Fish aggregating devices (FADs) have been widely used by commercial fisheries to increase the catchability of pelagic stocks in the open sea. FADs have the potential to enhance nearshore small-scale fisheries where stocks are often overfished. This study examined changes in catch composition, abundance, catch and effort, and aspects of diversity in Kenya's nearshore coastal fisheries after deployment of anchored fish aggregating devices (AFADs). The study combined both fishery independent and dependent methods in assessing changes in fish assemblages post-deployment. Results showed orders of magnitude increase in length, weight, commercial value, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of landed catch after deployment of FADs suggesting that FADs had a positive effect on the local fishery. Species richness at FAD sites increased post-deployment (n = 281) compared to pre-deployment values (n = 223). Simultaneous use of several complementary structural indices may be required in order to accurately describe and monitor fish assemblages around the FADs. The findings suggest that AFADs are capable of creating both short and long-term impacts on livelihoods, with the potential to deflect pressure on the overfished nearshore fish stocks. However, more research will be needed on redistribution of fish around FADs, design and placement configuration, and site selection amongst others.

scholarly journals Viewpoint: Back to the future for fisheries, where will we choose to go?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Zeller ◽  
Daniel Pauly
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fishing Fleets

Abstract We present a view on global marine fisheries that emphasizes mitigating the conflict between sustainability and the scale of industrial exploitation driven by the demand of continuous economic growth. We then summarize the current state of global fisheries. Finally, we advocate strongly for scaling back industrial fisheries, most of which are non-sustainable. This can be achieved through eliminating the harmful, capacity-enhancing subsidies that prop up industrial fisheries to continue operating despite declining fish stocks. Instead, we propose to support well-managed, locally owned and operated small-scale fisheries, which generally contribute more to local employment and food security. We stress that contrary to deep-seated opinion in the fishing industry and among politicians, reducing overfishing by eliminating overcapacity in fishing fleets will actually lead to greater, not reduced catches. This would address part of the increased global seafood demand over the coming decades, which is driven by population and wealth growth. This seems counterintuitive, but is supported by fisheries science, data and experiences. Thankfully, we are beginning to see that some of these changes are being pursued by a growing number of countries and international institutions.

scholarly journals Sea turtle bycatch by different types of fisheries in southern Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Marco ◽  
Cristina Vázquez ◽  
Elena Abella-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Leatherback Turtles ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Feeding Grounds

The bycatch of sea turtles by industrial fisheries is receiving an increasing attention in recent years due to the high impact it causes on these endangered species. This issue was evaluated in southern Spain waters that harbors an important feeding ground of loggerhead and leatherback turtles, including the endangered Eastern Atlantic loggerhead population. To quantify the impact that different fisheries represents to sea turtles, 272 fishermen answered to detailed illustrated questionnaires in all the main ports of Andalusia and Murcia (Spain) during 2014. This study has updated the knowledge of turtle bycatch in the southwestern Mediterranean revealing a widespread impact of fisheries on sea turtles. Fishermen recognized an annual catch of 2.3 turtles per boat. Considering the census of industrial fishing boats in the study area (1182), more than 2840 sea turtles could be bycaught per year in the study area. Most of captures (96.2%) were produced during the summer. These results suggest a severe impact of most of legal fisheries (surface longline, pursue seine, trawling and small scale fisheries) on loggerhead feeding grounds in the southwestern Mediterranean. Fishermen suggests that drift fishing conducted by foreign or illegal fishermen and almadrabas are also causing a significant bycatch of turtles. Several measures such as reviewing compliance of current fishing and environmental regulations, modifying turtle technics to reduce turtle bycatch, facilitating the rescue and handle of wound turtles and their transport to the port for recovery, and recognizing the efforts of anglers to perform a more sustainable fishing, are recommended to mitigate this impact.

Fishermen and ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikret Berkes
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Marine Tenure ◽  
Selfish Users ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Customary Laws

Fish populations are classical examples of commonproperty resources and tend to decline over time. According to the conventional wisdom, they decline through a process popularly known as ‘the tragedy of the commons’, whereby selfish users are locked into a deterministic mechanism in which they are both the villains and the victims. However, the commons paradigm is not the model of reality for all fisheries. There are many sustainable fisheries, and detailed studies of some of them indicate that they do not fit the commons paradigm because there are factors which violate some of the hidden assumptions of the commons paradigm.In many community-based and small-scale fisheries, there are unwritten regulations or customary laws that prevent individuals from maximizing their private gains at the expense of community interests. Far from being owned by no one and freely open to any user, many of the fish stocks of the world are under claims of ownership by communities of fishermen who exercise use-rights and who control access to the resource. As seen in examples from Oceania and North America's west coast, open-access and common property conditions were created, and the ‘tragedy’ started only after the destruction of such traditional marine tenure systems.

scholarly journals Northern fisheries: managing income, nutrition and cultural values

Polar Record ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
Maria Nakhshina ◽  
Franz Krause
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Fishery Science ◽  
Vessel Capacity

Fishing is a key livelihood for many people worldwide, and significantly contributes to global nutrition. However, there is an awareness of a widespread crisis in fisheries with profound ecological, social and cultural impacts (Urquhart and others 2013). The majority of people dependent on fishing are involved in small-scale fisheries, which stands in contrast to the narrow focus of most fishery science and policy on large-scale, capital intensive fishing (Berkes and others 2001). Small-scale fisheries require different approaches for research, policy and management, due to their specific technological, economic and sociocultural characteristics that differ from those of large-scale fisheries, as well as a large degree of internal diversity in terms of fish stocks, fishers’ backgrounds, vessel capacity, etc (see Afterword of this collection of papers).

scholarly journals Navigating Complexities: Agent-Based Modeling to Support Research, Governance, and Management in Small-Scale Fisheries

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Lindkvist ◽  
Nanda Wijermans ◽  
Tim M. Daw ◽  
Blanca Gonzalez-Mon ◽  
Alfredo Giron-Nava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Research Governance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Support Research

scholarly journals Reconstruction of marine small-scale fisheries captures in the Canary Islands (NE Atlantic Ocean) from 1950 to 2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
José J. Castro ◽  
Esther Divovich ◽  
Alicia Delgado de Molina Acevedo ◽  
Antonio Barrera-Luján ◽  
Rodrigo Riera
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Recreational Fishing ◽  
Ne Atlantic ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Fishing Sector ◽  
Ne Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Demersal Species

Total marine fisheries catches within the exclusive economic zone of the Canary Islands, Spain, were reconstructed to include catches from the various small-scale artisanal fleets and their discards, as well as subsistence, recreational and other unreported catch. Total reconstructed catch was estimated at 38600 t in 1950, increasing to 81200 t in 1985, declining to approximately 43700 t year–1 in the early 2000s, and finally spiking to about 65300 t year–1 by the late 2000s. These catches coincide with a severe depletion of fish stocks, especially those of demersal species, due in part to fishing overcapacity in the artisanal sector, despite attempts to limit effort by the government. Spain only started to report catches to the FAO in 2006, and from 2006 to 2010 reconstructed catch was seven times the reported catch. Nearly 70% of this catch was from the recreational fishing sector, due in part to technological advancements and increased investments in the construction and improvement of secondary ports.

Dysbaric osteonecrosis associated with decompression sickness in a fishing diver

2019 ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Eduardo Briceño-Souza ◽  
◽  
Nina Méndez-Domínguez ◽  
Ricardo j Cárdenas-Dajda ◽  
Walter Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decompression Stress ◽  
Probable Diagnosis

Diving as a method of fishing is used worldwide in small-scale fisheries. However, one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among fishermen is decompression sickness (DCS). We report the case of a 46-year-old male fisherman diver who presented with chronic inguinal pain that radiated to the lower left limb. Living and working in a fishing port in Yucatan, he had a prior history of DCS. A diagnosis of avascular necrosis in the left femoral head secondary to DCS was made via analysis of clinical and radiological findings. The necrosis was surgically resolved by a total hip arthroplasty. Dysbaric osteonecrosis is a more probable diagnosis. In this region fishermen undergo significant decompression stress in their daily fishing efforts. Further studies regarding prevalence of dysbaric osteonecrosis among small-scale fisheries divers are needed. In a community where DCS is endemic and has become an epidemic, as of late, the perception of this health risk remains low. Furthermore, training and decompression technique are lacking among the fishing communities.

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