scholarly journals Growth modulation and metabolic responses of Ganoderma boninense to salicylic acid stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0262029
Author(s):  
Cu Ean Ong ◽  
Rafidah Ahmad ◽  
You Keng Goh ◽  
Kamalrul Azlan Azizan ◽  
Syarul Nataqain Baharum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Ganoderma Boninense ◽  
Salicylic Acid Treatment ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Growth Modulation ◽  
Metabolic Versatility

Various phenolic compounds have been screened against Ganoderma boninense, the fungal pathogen causing basal stem rot in oil palms. In this study, we focused on the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on the growth of three G. boninense isolates with different levels of aggressiveness. In addition, study on untargeted metabolite profiling was conducted to investigate the metabolomic responses of G. boninense towards salicylic acid. The inhibitory effects of salicylic acid were both concentration- (P < 0.001) and isolate-dependent (P < 0.001). Also, growth-promoting effect was observed in one of the isolates at low concentrations of salicylic acid where it could have been utilized by G. boninense as a source of carbon and energy. Besides, adaptation towards salicylic acid treatment was evident in this study for all isolates, particularly at high concentrations. In other words, inhibitory effect of salicylic acid treatment on the fungal growth declined over time. In terms of metabolomics response to salicylic acid treatment, G. boninense produced several metabolites such as coumarin and azatyrosine, which suggests that salicylic acid modulates the developmental switch in G. boninense towards the defense mode for its survival. Furthermore, the liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) analysis showed that the growth of G. boninense on potato dextrose agar involved at least four metabolic pathways: amino acid metabolism, lipid pathway, tryptophan pathway and phenylalanine pathway. Overall, there were 17 metabolites that contributed to treatment separation, each with P<0.005. The release of several antimicrobial metabolites such as eudistomin I may enhance G. boninense’s competitiveness against other microorganisms during colonisation. Our findings demonstrated the metabolic versatility of G. boninense towards changes in carbon sources and stress factors. G. boninense was shown to be capable of responding to salicylic acid treatment by switching its developmental stage.

scholarly journals The physiological response of Artemisia annua L. to salt stress and salicylic acid treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Haihui Zhang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yonghong Zhou ◽  
Ruiwu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Salicylic Acid Treatment ◽  
Artemisia Annua L

scholarly journals Impact of Foliar Application with Salicylic Acid on Biochemical Characters of Canola Plants under Cold Stress Condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed KESHAVARZ ◽  
Seyed Ali Mohammad MODARRES SANAVY ◽  
Ramin SADEGH GHOL MOGHADAM
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Salicylic Acid Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Salicylic Acid Concentration

In this study the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid on the chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes activity, and the content of solute protein and proline were investigated in two canola varieties (Brassica napus L., cv ‘RGS’ and ‘Licord’) leaves during 0, 24, and 48 hours after salicylic acid treatment. The results showed that the content of total chlorophyll was decreased in ‘RGS’ cultivar during the experiment and this process was related with increasing of salicylic acid concentration. The activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and also lipid peroxidation were increased significantly after 48 hours compared with the first day. The results of catalase activity showed that, this trait was decreased 24 hours after salicylic acid treatment and this decrease was related with salicylic concentration. The content of protein in both cultivars slightly changed and plants treated with salicylic acid had more protein content, by contrast proline was greatly affected by salicylic acid treatment and its content was the highest 24 hours after treatment. According to the present findings the application of salicylic acid has useful effects on the biochemical traits of Brassica napus cultivars. Therefore it may be effective for the improvement of plant growth in cold regions.

scholarly journals The expression of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid (TIAs) pathway genes in Catharanthus roseus in response to salicylic acid treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 7009-7016
Author(s):  
Narges Soltani ◽  
Farhad Nazarian-Firouzabadi ◽  
Alireza Shafeinia ◽  
Ayeh Sadat Sadr ◽  
Masoud Shirali
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Indole Alkaloid ◽  
Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid ◽  
Salicylic Acid Treatment

scholarly journals Interaction of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Replicase Protein with a NAC Domain Transcription Factor Is Associated with the Suppression of Systemic Host Defenses

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (19) ◽  
pp. 9720-9730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Sameer P. Goregaoker ◽  
James N. Culver
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Host Defenses ◽  
Salicylic Acid Treatment ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Nac Domain

ABSTRACT An interaction between the helicase domain of the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 126-/183-kDa replicase protein(s) and the Arabidopsis thaliana NAC domain transcription factor ATAF2 was identified via yeast two-hybrid and in planta immunoprecipitation assays. ATAF2 is transcriptionally induced in response to TMV infection, and its overexpression significantly reduces virus accumulation. Proteasome inhibition studies suggest that ATAF2 is targeted for degradation during virus infection. The transcriptional activity of known defense-associated marker genes PR1, PR2, and PDF1.2 significantly increase within transgenic plants overexpressing ATAF2. In contrast, these marker genes have reduced transcript levels in ATAF2 knockout or repressor plant lines. Thus, ATAF2 appears to function in the regulation of host basal defense responses. In response to TMV infections, ATAF2 and PR1 display increased transcript accumulations in inoculated tissues but not in systemically infected tissues. ATAF2 and PR1 transcript levels also increase in response to salicylic acid treatment. However, the salicylic acid treatment of systemically infected tissues did not produce a similar increase in either ATAF2 or PR1 transcripts, suggesting that host defense responses are attenuated during systemic virus invasion. Similarly, noninfected ATAF2 knockout or ATAF2 repressor lines display reduced levels of PR1 transcripts when treated with salicylic acid. Taken together, these findings suggest that the replicase-ATAF2 interaction suppresses basal host defenses as a means to promote systemic virus accumulation.

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