Correction: Luteolin-mediated Kv1.3 K+ channel inhibition augments BCG vaccine efficacy against tuberculosis by promoting central memory T cell responses in mice

Memory T-cell responses following infection with coronaviruses are reportedly long-lived and provide long-term protection against severe disease. Whether vaccination induces similar long-lived responses is not yet clear since, to date, there are limited data comparing memory CD4+ T-cell responses induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection versus following vaccination with BioNTech/Pfizer BNT162b2. We compared T-cell immune responses over time after infection or vaccination using ELISpot, and memory CD4+ T-cell responses three months after infection/vaccination using activation-induced marker flow cytometric assays. Levels of cytokine-producing T-cells were remarkably stable between three and twelve months after infection, and were comparable to IFNγ+ and IFNγ+IL-2+ T-cell responses but lower than IL-2+ T-cell responses at three months after vaccination. Consistent with this finding, vaccination and infection elicited comparable levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4+ T-cells after three months in addition to comparable proportions of specific central memory CD4+ T-cells. By contrast, the proportions of specific effector memory CD4+ T-cells were significantly lower, whereas specific effector CD4+ T-cells were higher after infection than after vaccination. Our results suggest that T-cell responses—as measured by cytokine expression—and the frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific central memory CD4+T-cells—indicative of the formation of the long-lived memory T-cell compartment—are comparably induced after infection and vaccination.

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Long-lived effector/central memory T-cell responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) S antigen in recovered SARS patients

Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.clim.2006.05.002 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 120 (2) ◽

pp. 171-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Li-Tao Yang ◽

Hui Peng ◽

Zhao-Ling Zhu ◽

Gang Li ◽

Zi-Tong Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Central Memory ◽

Memory T Cell ◽

Cell Responses

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Platelets enhance CD4+ central memory T cell responses via platelet factor 4-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and cell proliferation

Platelets ◽

10.1080/09537104.2021.1936479 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Shuai Tan ◽

Junhao Zhang ◽

Yang Sun ◽

Anton Gisterå ◽

Zi Sheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

T Cell ◽

Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Central Memory ◽

Platelet Factor 4 ◽

Platelet Factor ◽

Memory T Cell ◽

Cell Responses

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Central memory CD4+ T cell responses in chronic HIV infection are not restored by antiretroviral therapy.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1020334.233434 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Luis J Montaner

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Central Memory ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Chronic Hiv Infection

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Effector memory T cell responses are associated with protection of rhesus monkeys from mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus challenge.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1157155.621340 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Rowland-Jones

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Effector Memory ◽

Virus Challenge ◽

Memory T Cell ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge

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Detection of IFNγ-Secreting CD4+ and CD8+ Memory T Cells in COVID-19 Convalescents after Stimulation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Live SARS-CoV-2

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13081490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1490

Author(s):

Victoria Matyushenko ◽

Irina Isakova-Sivak ◽

Igor Kudryavtsev ◽

Arina Goshina ◽

Anna Chistyakova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Memory T Cells ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Intracellular Cytokine Staining ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Effector Memory ◽

Memory T Cell ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Stimulation Of

Background: New coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, has been circulating among humans since November 2019. Multiple studies have assessed the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of virus-specific immunity in COVID-19 convalescents, however, some aspects of the development of memory T-cell responses after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection remain uncovered. Methods: In most of published studies T-cell immunity to the new coronavirus is assessed using peptides corresponding to SARS-CoV-1 or SARS-CoV-2 T-cell epitopes, or with peptide pools covering various parts of the viral proteins. Here, we determined the level of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T-cell responses in COVID-19 convalescents by stimulating PBMCs collected 1 to 6 months after recovery with sucrose gradient-purified live SARS-CoV-2. IFNγ production by the central and effector memory helper and cytotoxic T cells was assessed by intracellular cytokine staining assay and flow cytometry. Results: Stimulation of PBMCs with live SARS-CoV-2 revealed IFNγ-producing T-helper effector memory cells with CD4+CD45RA−CCR7− phenotype, which persisted in circulation for up to 6 month after COVID-19. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2-specific IFNγ-secreting cytotoxic effector memory T cells were found at significant levels only shortly after the disease, but rapidly decreased over time. Conclusion: The stimulation of immune cells with live SARS-CoV-2 revealed a rapid decline in the pool of effector memory CD8+, but not CD4+, T cells after recovery from COVID-19. These data provide additional information on the development and persistence of cellular immune responses after natural infection, and can inform further development of T cell-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

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