scholarly journals Cannabinoid Concentrations Detected in Fatal Road Traffic Collision Victims Compared with a Population of Other Postmortem Cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1256-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Andrews ◽  
Kevin G Murphy ◽  
Limon Nahar ◽  
Sue Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Drugs And Alcohol ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postmortem Blood ◽  
Cannabis Consumption ◽  
Road Traffic Collision

Abstract BACKGROUND Acute cannabis consumption nearly doubles the risk of motor vehicle collision resulting in injury or death. Limited data have been published regarding the concentrations of cannabinoids associated with fatal road traffic collisions (RTCs), and these have not previously been compared to a population of other postmortem cases. METHODS We conducted analysis for cannabinoids [Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC, 11-nor-THC-9-carboxylic acid, cannabidiol, and cannabinol], drugs, and alcohol on consecutive fatal RTC cases (100) and non-RTC cases (114) from coroners' jurisdictions in London and southeast England and compared the data. RESULTS The incidence of cannabinoids detected in non-RTC and RTC cases was similar (25% vs 21%, P = 0.44), but THC was detected more frequently (90% vs 59%, P = 0.01) and at significantly higher concentrations in the cannabinoid-positive RTC cases than the non-RTC cases (P = 0.01). The distribution of non-RTC and RTC cases over 4 categories of THC concentration was significantly different (P = 0.004). There was no significant difference in the concentrations of other cannabinoids detected between the 2 groups. Cannabinoids were detected in more fatal RTC cases (21) than alcohol >80 mg/dL (17). Detection of other drugs was low compared to cannabis and alcohol. CONCLUSIONS These first data on the concentrations of cannabinoids in the postmortem blood of fatal RTC victims compared with a population of other routine coroners' cases highlight the importance of specifically measuring THC concentrations in the blood to aid interpretation of postmortem cases where cannabis may be implicated.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Road Traffic Collision Injury Patterns and Severity in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin J Yasin ◽  
David O Alao ◽  
Michal Grivna ◽  
Fikri Abu-Zidan
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Fisher's Exact Test ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test ◽  
Road Traffic Collision ◽  
Motorcycle Injuries

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns restricted human and traffic mobility impacting the patterns and severity of road traffic collisions (RTCs). We aimed to study the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on incidence, patterns, severity of the injury, and outcomes of hospitalized RTCs trauma patients in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates. Methods: We compared the data of two cohorts of patients which were collected over two periods; the pandemic period (28 March 2020 to 27 March 202) and the pre-pandemic period (28 March 2019 to 27 March 2020). All RTCs trauma patients who were hospitalized in the two major trauma centers (Al-Ain and Tawam Hospitals) of Al-Ain City were studied. Results: Overall, the incidence of hospitalized RTC trauma patients significantly reduced by 33.5% during the Pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period. The mechanism of injury was significantly different between the two periods (p< 0.0001, Fisher’s Exact test). MVCs were less during the Pandemic (60.5% compared with 72%), while motorcycle injuries were more (23.3 % compared with 11.2 %). The mortality of hospitalized RTC patients was significantly higher during the Pandemic (4.4 % compared with 2.3 %, p=0.045, Fisher’s Exact test). Conclusions: Our study has shown that the numbers of hospitalized RTC trauma patients reduced by 33.5% during the COVID-19 Pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period in our setting. This was attributed to the reduced motor vehicle, pedestrian and bicycle injuries while motorcycle injuries increased. Mortality was significantly higher during the Pandemic, which was attributed to increased ISS and reduced GCS.

scholarly journals P074: Comparison of unmanned aerial vehicle technology versus standard practice in triaging casualties by paramedic students in a mass casualty incident scenario

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S83-S83 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jain ◽  
A. Sibley ◽  
H. Stryhn ◽  
I. Hubloue
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Percent Accuracy

Introduction: The proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has the potential to change the way medical incident commanders respond to mass casualty incidents (MCI) in triaging victims. The aim of this study was to compare UAV technology to standard practice (SP) in triaging casualties at a MCI Methods: A randomized comparison study was conducted with forty paramedic students from the Holland College Paramedicine Program. Using a simulated motor vehicle collision with moulaged casualties, iterations of twenty students were used for both a day and a night trial. Students were randomized to an UAV or a SP group. After a brief narrative participants either entered the study environment or used UAV technology where total time to triage completion, green casualty evacuation, time on scene, triage order and accuracy was recorded Results: A statistical difference in the time to completing of 3.63 minutes (95% CI: 2.45, 4.85, p=0.002) during the day iteration and a difference of 3.49 minutes (95% CI: 2.08,6.06, p=0.002) for the night trial with UAV groups was noted. There was no difference found in time to green casualty evacuation, time on scene or triage order. One hundred percent accuracy was noted between both groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using an UAV at a MCI. A non clinical significant difference was noted in total time to completion between both groups. There was no increase in time on scene by using the UAV while demonstrating the feasibility of remotely triaging green casualties prior to first responder arrival.

scholarly journals Fatal road traffic collisions-An autopsy based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Dinesh Rao
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traumatic Shock ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Craniocerebral Injuries ◽  
Road Traffic Collision ◽  
Major Region ◽  
Traffic Collision

The Deaths due to Road Traffic Collision has become a Major Public Health issue, hence Understanding the Deaths and the Factors involved is important to prevent Fatalities and at the same time Prevent Road Traffic Collision in General. The present Study is a Retrospective Study conducted during the period 2013 to November 2020. Road Traffic Accidents constituted 39.35%[n-1168] of the Cases. Males formed the Majority of the Victims contributing to 83.04% of the cases. Majority of the Victims were I the age group 31-40 years, consisting of 422 victims. The least Age Group affected were those below the age 10years and those individuals above the age 70years. Light Motor Vehicle were the Major Contributor to the Accidents, contributing to 46.40%[n-542] of the cases. Head and Neck was the Major region affected in 795 cases. The Maximum Fatality reported were due to Head or Craniocerebral Injuries in 87% of the cases. Abrasions were Present in all the Victims. Majority of the Deaths were due to Traumatic Shock reported in on the Spot Deaths or Brought Dead Victims in 35.45% [n-414] cases. The commonest Cause of Death reported after 07days of Treatment, were Septicemia, Lung infections, Peritonitis, Coma. Craniocerebral Injuries were the Main Contributors to Fatality in 87% of Accidents. Majority of Deaths were due to Traumatic Shocks due to Multiple injuries involved. Importance of Emergency Care is well understood in this study.

scholarly journals Retrospective study on fatal road traffic accident in Aizawl, Mizoram during 2014-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Supriya Keisham ◽  
Pabitramala Nandeibam ◽  
Kh. Pradipkumar Singh ◽  
George Vanlalchhuanga ◽  
H. Nabachandra
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collision ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Traffic Collision ◽  
Car Accident

A traffic collision, also called a motor vehicle collision, car accident, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or any stationary obstruction, such as a tree, pole or building. Traffic collisions often result in injury, disability, death and damage to property as well as financial cost to both the society & individuals involved.

scholarly journals The impact of commercial drivers with type 2 diabetes on the risk for road traffic collisions in TBDCS study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chuan Wang ◽  
Yu-Jen Lin ◽  
Trong-Neng Wu ◽  
Saou-Hsing Liou ◽  
Wei-Te Wu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Road Traffic Collision ◽  
Glucose Lowering Therapy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background : Identification of the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and road traffic collision (RTC) that lead to hospital admissions and death in commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers is crucial to develop preventive strategies. A cohort study was used to follow up the outcomes of DM and receiving blood glucose-lowering therapy to assess the 6-year risk of RTCs in CMV drivers. Methods: This cohort recruited 1,650 CMV drivers in 2005. Each subject completed the basic and working patterns questionnaire. Researchers found 84 DM cases in 2005, and 152 RTC events between 2005 and 2010. The data analysis was conducted in 2015. The Cox model and the extended Cox model were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for first RTC events only and recurrent RTC events. Results: Type 2 DM ( T2DM) increased the 6-year RTC risks among CMV drivers (HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.35 to 4.24), after adjusting for confounders. The extended Cox models were used and showed that T2DM increased HR of the recurrent RTC events. Conclusion: T2DM and oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) used days pose possible risk factors for RTCs in CMV drivers. Labor or health care professionals and authorities should be aware of the risks and contribute in establishing effective RTC- prevention strategies for DM drivers with or without insulin treatment.

scholarly journals Digital Reconstitution of Road Traffic Accidents: A Flexible Methodology Relying on UAV Surveying and Complementary Strategies to Support Multiple Scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Pádua ◽  
José Sousa ◽  
Jakub Vanko ◽  
Jonáš Hruška ◽  
Telmo Adão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Near Future

The reconstitution of road traffic accidents scenes is a contemporary and important issue, addressed both by private and public entities in different countries around the world. However, the task of collecting data on site is not generally focused on with the same orientation and relevance. Addressing this type of accident scenario requires a balance between two fundamental yet competing concerns: (1) information collecting, which is a thorough and lengthy process and (2) the need to allow traffic to flow again as quickly as possible. This technical note proposes a novel methodology that aims to support road traffic authorities/professionals in activities involving the collection of data/evidences of motor vehicle collision scenarios by exploring the potential of using low-cost, small-sized and light-weight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). A high number of experimental tests and evaluations were conducted in various working conditions and in cooperation with the Portuguese law enforcement authorities responsible for investigating road traffic accidents. The tests allowed for concluding that the proposed method gathers all the conditions to be adopted as a near future approach for reconstituting road traffic accidents and proved to be: faster, more rigorous and safer than the current manual methodologies used not only in Portugal but also in many countries worldwide.

scholarly journals Bicycles’ Role in Road Accidents a Review of Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreta Levulytė ◽  
David Baranyai ◽  
Ádám Török ◽  
Edgar Sokolovskij
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Nearly 1.3 million people die in road crashes each year, on average 3,287 deaths a day. In 2013 in the European Union more than 6 % of all who died in road traffic crashes were cyclists. The number of cyclist killed on roads in the EU has decreased by only 9 %, compared to the total fatality decrease of 18 % from 2010 to 2013. The majority of cyclist fatalities are males (78 %). For the larger countries, Belgium and The Netherlands had the highest proportion of female cyclist fatalities (> 30 %). In general, 55 % of the bicycle fatalities in the EU countries were killed inside urban areas but there are large differences between the countries. In the last couple of years there has been an enormous effort on reduction in cycling fatality numbers across almost all ages in the EU. As a result of this effort, the number of accidents started to slightly decrease. This paper reviews the literature concerning cyclist-motor vehicle collision and road safety management according to the cyclist role in the accident rise. The paper examines pedestrians safety in order to determine what kind of factors of transport infrastructure, vehicle technical parameters, cyclist behavior and road or street category have the influence on cyclist and vehicle accidents and identify technical reasons of the accidents rise. A review is conducted of information in the literature on the injury outcome of a cyclist/vehicle collision for a given impact speed and the likely consequences of reducing the travelling speeds of vehicles in terms of the frequency and severity of cyclist injuries.

Case Exercise: Biomechanics in Rearend Motor Vehicle Collisions

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Charles N. Brooks ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Bodily Injury ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Physical Findings

Abstract Multiple factors determine the likelihood, type, and severity of bodily injury following a motor vehicle collision and, in turn, influence the need for treatment, extent of disability, and likelihood of permanent impairment. Among the most important factors is the change in velocity due to an impact (Δv). Other factors include the individual's strength and elasticity, body position at the time of impact, awareness of the impending impact (ie, opportunity to brace, guard, or contract muscles before an impact), and effects of braking. Because Δv is the area under the acceleration vs time curve, it combines force and duration and is a useful way to quantify impact severity. The article includes a table showing the results of a literature review that concluded, “the consensus of human subject research conducted to date is that a single exposure to a rear-end impact with a Δv of 5 mph or less is unlikely to result in injury” in most healthy, restrained occupants. Because velocity incorporates direction as well as speed, a vehicular occupant is less likely to be injured in a rear impact than when struck from the side. Evaluators must consider multiple factors, including the occupant's pre-existing physical and psychosocial status, the mechanism and magnitude of the collision, and a variety of biomechanical variables. Recommendations based solely on patient history and physical findings (and, perhaps, imaging studies) may be ill-informed.

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