Laboratory Diagnosis and Utilization for COVID-19

SummaryAim: In children, screening for haemorrhagic disorders is further complicated by the fact that infants and young children with mild disease in many cases most likely will not have a significant history of easy bruising or bleeding making the efficacy of a questionnaire even more questionable. Patients, methods: We compared the questionnaires of a group of 88 children in whom a haemorrhagic disorder was ruled out by rigorous laboratory investigation to a group of 38 children with mild von Willebrand disease (VWD). Questionnaires about child, mother and father were obtained prior to the laboratory diagnosis on the occasion of routine preoperative screening. Results: 23/38 children with mild VWD showed at least one positive question in the questionnaire, while 21/88 without laboratory signs showed at least one positive question. There was a trend to more specific symptoms in older children. Three or more positive questions were found only in VWD patients, but only in a few of the control group. The question about menstrual bleeding in mothers did not differ significantly. Sensitivity of the questionnaire for a hemostatic disorder was 0.60, while specifity was 0.76. The negative predictive value was 0.82, but the positive predictive value was only 0.52. Conclusions: Our small study shows, that a questionnaire yields good results to exclude a haemostatic disorder, but is not a sensitive tool to identify such a disorder.

Download Full-text

Release of Platelet Factor 4 in Vivo during Intravascular Coagulation and in Thrombotic States

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1651237 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 19 (03/04) ◽

pp. 578-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R Farbiszewski ◽

S Niewiarowski ◽

K Worowski ◽

B Lipiński

Keyword(s):

Coronary Thrombosis ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Platelet Factor 4 ◽

Thrombin Time ◽

Significant Elevation ◽

Platelet Factor ◽

Thrombotic Diseases ◽

Disseminated Intravascular Clotting

SummaryPlatelet factor 4 released from platelets into the circulating blood was determined using both the heparin thrombin time and paracoagulation methods. It has been found that thrombin injected intravenously into rabbits releases large amounts of this factor. Infusion of plasmin does not release this factor and this finding may be of importance for the differential diagnosis between disseminated intravascular clotting and primary fibrinolysis. PF4 is not released during the hyper coagulable condition induced by HgCl2 intoxication. Only small amounts of this factor are released after contact factor infusion.A significant elevation of extraplatelet PF4 was found in 23 patients with fresh coronary thrombosis and in 9 patients with thrombophlebitis and thromboembolic complications.The significance of the above findings for the pathogenesis, treatment and laboratory diagnosis of thrombotic diseases with particular reference to heparin tolerance test is discussed.

Download Full-text

Screening for the FV: Q506 Mutation – Evaluation of Thirteen Plasma-based Methods for their Diagnostic Efficacy in Comparison with DNA Analysis

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1655984 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (03) ◽

pp. 436-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Armando Tripodi ◽

Barbara Negri ◽

Rogier M Bertina ◽

Pier Mannuccio Mannucci

Keyword(s):

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Genetic Defect ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Factor V ◽

Factor X ◽

Diagnostic Efficacy ◽

Dna Test

SummaryThe factor V (FV) mutation Q506 that causes resistance to activated protein C (APC) is the genetic defect associated most frequently with venous thrombosis. The laboratory diagnosis can be made by DNA analysis or by clotting tests that measure the degree of prolongation of plasma clotting time upon addition of APC. Home-made and commercial methods are available but no comparative evaluation of their diagnostic efficacy has so far been reported. Eighty frozen coded plasma samples from carriers and non-carriers of the FV: Q506 mutation, diagnosed by DNA analysis, were sent to 8 experienced laboratories that were asked to analyze these samples in blind with their own APC resistance tests. The APTT methods were highly variable in their capacity to discriminate between carriers and non-carriers but this capacity increased dramatically when samples were diluted with FV-deficient plasma before analysis, bringing the sensitivity and specificity of these tests to 100%. The best discrimination was obtained with methods in which fibrin formation is triggered by the addition of activated factor X or Russell viper venom. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that some coagulation tests are able to distinguish carriers of the FV: Q506 mutation from non-carriers as well as the DNA test. They are inexpensive and easy to perform. Their use in large-scale clinical trials should be of help to determine the medical and economic benefits of screening healthy individuals for the mutation before they are exposed to such risk factors for venous thrombosis as surgery, pregnancy and oral contraceptives.

Download Full-text

SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV AND HBsAg AMONGST BLOOD DONORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, CHHATTISGARH.

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i8.495 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Anusha P ◽

Bankar Nandkishor J ◽

Karan Jain ◽

Ramdas Brahmane ◽

Dhrubha Hari Chandi

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Blood Bank ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Medical College ◽

The World ◽

First Time

INTRODUCTION: India being the second highly populated nation in the world. HIV/AIDS has acquired pandemic proportion in the world. Estimate by WHO for current infection rate in Asia. India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. HIV prevalence in the age group 15-49 yrs was an estimate of 0.2%. India has been classified as an intermediate in the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) endemic (HBsAg carriage 2-7%) zone with the second largest global pool of chronic HBV infections. Safety assessment of the blood supply, the quality of screening measures and the risk of transfusion transmitted infectious diseases (TTIs) in any country can be estimated by scrutinizing the files of blood donors. After the introduction of the blood banks and improved storage facilities, it became more extensively used. Blood is one of the major sources of TTIs like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, and many other blood borne diseases. Disclosure of these threats brought a dramatic change in attitude of physicians and patients about blood transfusion. The objective of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections amidst voluntary blood donors at a rural tertiary healthcare teaching hospital in Chhattisgarh. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out in Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, Kachandur, Durg. Blood donors were volunteers, or and commercial donors who donated the blood and paid by patients, their families, or friends to replace blood used or expected to be used for patients from the blood bank of the hospital. After proper donation of blood routine screening of blood was carried out according to standard protocol. Laboratory diagnosis of HIV 1 and HIV 2 was carried out by ELISA test. Hepatitis B surface antigen was screened by using ELISA. RESULTS: A total of 1915 consecutive blood donors’ sera were screened at Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, blood bank during study period. Of these 1914 were male and 1 female. The mean age of patients was found to be 29.34 years with standard deviation (SD) of 11.65 Years. Among all blood donors in present study, 759(39.63%) were first time donors and 1156(60.37%) were repeated donors. 1 patient was HIV positive in first donation group while 3 (75%) were positive in repeat donation group. 7 (38.9%) were HBsAg positive in in first donation group while 11(61.1%) were positive in repeat donation group. Two patients in first donation group had dual infection of HIV and HBsAg. CONCLUSION: Seropositivity was high in repeated donors as compared to first time donors. The incidence of HIV is observed to be 0.2% and that of HBsAg is 0.94%. Strict selection of blood donors should be done to avoid transfusion-transmissible infections during the window period.

Download Full-text