scholarly journals Degradation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) in Super-Critical Organic Solvents Affecting the Chemicals Distribution of Bio-Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Rakhman Sarwono ◽  
Saepulloh Saepulloh ◽  
Brayen Brayen ◽  
Andreas Andreas ◽  
Yeyen Maryani
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Solid Liquid

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) in different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, toluene and hexane) to produce bio-oil were comparatively investigated. Experiments were carried out in an autoclave at different temperature of 300, 350 and 400 oC with a fixed solid/liquid ratio of 4 gram in 50 mL solvent, without catalysts and reaction time of 5 hours. The liquid products were analyzed using GCMS to determine the chemical composition. Result showed that the chemical compositions were greatly affected by the solvent types. Each solvent has a major component in bio-oil products. The major compounds resulted from methanol and ethanol solvent were ketones/others. The major compounds resulted from toluene and hexane solvents were organic acid, which favoured high temperature. Meanwhile, esters and organic acid were the major products from acetone solvents. Temperature operation resulted more variations in the chemical composition and the percentages of the bio-oil.

Research on Ethanol Production by Biological Fermentation of Potato Pulp

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Potato Pulp ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Production Rate ◽  
Solid Liquid

Bioconversion of potato pulp to fuel ethanol, analysing the potato pulp chemical composition and determining the potato pulp in the role of microorganism produce ethanol under the best conditions is the major research. An analysis of the chemical composition of potato pulp showed that : the basic ingredients are Protein (9.72%), Starch (25.52%), Cellulose (17.90%). The effects of ethanol production rate of solid-liquid ratio, fermentation temperature, inoculumconcertration, fermentation time. The results showed that: the best conditions producting ethanol from potato pulp obtained by single factor experiments are: solid-liquid ratio: 1:15, fermentation temperature: 35°C, inoculumconcertration: 3mL, fermentation time: 20h. Under this occasion, the ethanol production rate was 0.183mL·g-1.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Produksi Gula Pereduksi dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Praperlakuan Asam Organik pada Reaktor Bertekanan

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Fahriya Puspita Sari ◽  
Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat ◽  
Sita Heris Anita ◽  
Fitria Fitria ◽  
Euis Hermiati
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Severity Factor

ENHANCEMENT OF REDUCING SUGAR PRODUCTION FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH BY PRETREATMENT USING ORGANIC ACID IN PRESSURIZED REACTOR. Organic acids are potential to create more environmentally friendly process in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. This study was aimed to investigate the influence of organic acid pretreatment in reducing sugar production in a pressurized reactor with various resident times and temperatures on enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. Two different organic acids (maleic acid and oxalic acid) were used in the pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) using a pressurized reactor. Factorial design using three different temperatures (170, 180, and 190°C) and four resident times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) were employed, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Each condition conducted two repetitions. Analysis was conducted on the reducing sugar that was produced after saccharification by means of the severity factor of each pretreatment condition. Maleic acid showed higher reducing sugar yield with lower severity factor than oxalic acid with the same operating conditions. The highest yield of reducing sugars (80.84%) was obtained using maleic acid at 170 for 60 minutes with severity factor of 1.836. Keywords: bioethanol; organic acid pretreatment; pressurized reactor; severity factor; oil palm empty fruit bunches;   Abstrak Asam organik berpotensi dalam membantu proses praperlakuan dari biomassa lignoselulosa untuk memproduksi bioetanol yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asam organik, suhu dan waktu operasi terhadap produksi gula pereduksi dengan reaktor bertekanan pada tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Dua asam organik yang berbeda yaitu asam oksalat dan asam maleat digunakan untuk proses praperlakuan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan bantuan reaktor bertekanan. Dalam proses praperlakuan digunakan tiga suhu yang berbeda yaitu suhu 170, 180, dan 190°C dan empat waktu operasi 15, 30, 45, dan 60 min yang dilanjutkan dengan proses hidrolisis enzimatis. Setiap kondisi dilakukan dua kali pengulangan. Analisa yang digunakan adalah analisa uji gula pereduksi dan severity factor pada kondisi tiap praperlakuan. Asam maleat menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dengan severity factor yang lebih rendah dibandingkan menggunakan asam oksalat dengan kondisi operasi yang sama. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa praperlakuan tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan bantuan reaktor bertekanan memiliki rendemen gula pereduksi optimum sebesar 80,84% dengan menggunakan asam maleat pada suhu 170°C selama 60 menit dengan severity factor sebesar 1,836. Kata kunci: bioetanol; praperlakuan asam organik; reaktor bertekanan; severity factor; tandan kosong kelapa sawit.

scholarly journals Conversion of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Biomass to Bio-Oil and Jet Bio-Fuel by Catalytic Fast-Pyrolysis Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Haryanti Yahaya ◽  
Rozzeta Dollah ◽  
Norsahika Mohd Basir ◽  
Rohit Karnik ◽  
Halimaton Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Compound Distribution ◽  
Bio Oil

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass is a potential source of renewable energy. Catalytic fast-pyrolysis batch process was initially performed to convert oil palm EFB into bio-oil, followed by its refinement to jet bio-fuel. Crystalline zeolites A and Y; synthesised from rice husk ash (RHA), were applied as heterogeneous catalysts. The catalytic conversion of oil palm EFB to bio-oil was conducted at a temperature range of 320-400°C with zeolite A catalyst loadings of 0.6 - 3.0 wt%. The zeolite catalysts were characterised by XRD, FTIR and FESEM. The bio-oil and jet bio-fuel products were analysed using GC-MS and FTIR. The batch fast-pyrolysis reaction was optimised at 400°C with a catalyst loading of 1.0 wt%, produced 42.7 wt% yields of liquid bio-oil, 35.4 wt% char and 21.9 wt% gaseous products. Analysis by GCMS indicates the compound distribution of the liquid bio-oil are as follows: hydrocarbons (23%), phenols (61%), carboxylic acids (0.7%), ketones (2.7%), FAME (7.7%) and alcohols (0.8%). Further refinement of the liquid bio-oil by catalytic hydrocracking over zeolite Y produced jet bio-fuel, which contains 63% hydrocarbon compounds (C8-C18) and 16% of phenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Production of bio-oil from oil palm empty fruit bunch by catalytic fast pyrolysis: a review

Biofuels ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Pogaku ◽  
Bodhi Shannon Hardinge ◽  
Hari Vuthaluru ◽  
Hirayana Andi Amir
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil

scholarly journals Phenol-rich bio-oil derivation via microwave-induced fast pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch with activated carbon

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 101291
Author(s):  
Rubia Idris ◽  
William Woei Fong Chong ◽  
Atikah Ali ◽  
Sidah Idris ◽  
Mohd Faizal Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Bio Oil

scholarly journals A review of oil palm fruit fiber reinforced composites

2022 ◽  
Vol 1212 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
B Bakri ◽  
Naharuddin ◽  
Mustafa ◽  
A Medi ◽  
L Padang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Palm Fruit

Abstract Oil palm fibers have been developed as reinforcement in the composite. These fibers can be produced from fruit, trunk, and frond of oil palm. In this review, the oil palm fruit fiber for reinforcing composite was focused. Oil palm fruit fibers consist of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and mesocarp fruit (MF) fibers. The chemical composition and characteristics of oil palm fruit fiber are described. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the composite are reported to be related to the surface treatment of EFB and MF fibers. Applications of such fiber composite are included in this review. From some researches, the surface treatment methods for MF and EFB fibers as reinforcement composite was conducted with using alkali, silane, acryilic acid, acetic anhydride, hydogen peroxide, microwave, and superheated steam. The effect of these surface treatments on oil palm EFB and MF fibers displayed the improvement of the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact strengths) of the composite due to enhance the interface adhesion between fiber and matrix after treatment of fibers.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) at Bench-Scale High Temperature-Pressure Steam Reactor for Enhancement of Enzymatic Saccharification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahriya Puspita Sari ◽  
Faizatul Falah ◽  
Sita Heris Anita ◽  
Kharisma Panji Ramadhan ◽  
Raden Permana Budi Laksana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Steam Pretreatment ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Severity Factor ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Pressure Steam

Up scaling of biomass pretreatment from laboratory scale to a bench-scale reactor is one of important steps in the application of the pretreatment for pilot or commercial scale.  This study reports the optimization of pretreatment conditions, namely reaction temperature and time, by one factor at a time (OFAT) method for the enhancement of enzymatic saccharification of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). OPEFB was pretreated using high temperature-pressure steam reactor with different reaction temperatures (160, 170, 180, 190, 200 °C) and times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 min). The effectiveness of the pretreatment was determined based on chemical compositions of untreated and pretreated OPEFB and sugar production from enzymatic saccharification of the pretreated OPEFB.  Solubilized components in the water that generates the steam were also determined. Pretreatment at 180°C for 20 min provides the highest sugar yields (97.30% of glucose yield per initial cellulose and 88.86% of xylose yield per initial hemicellulose). At the optimum condition 34.9% of lignin and 30.75% of hemicellulose were successfully removed from the OPEFB and resulted in 3.43 delignification selectivity. The relationship between severity factor and by-products generated and the sugars obtained after enzymatic saccharification were discussed. The pretreated OPEFB at the optimum condition was also characterized for its morphological characteristic by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and crystallinity by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and then compared it with untreated one. The steam pretreatment caused some fiber disruptions with more defined and opened structures and increased of the crystallinity index (CrI) by 2.9% compared to the untreated OPEFB

Bio-Oil Production under Sub- and Supercritical Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Kernel Shell

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Herng Chan ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Armando T. Quitain ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Supercritical Conditions ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass

Two types of Malaysian oil palm biomass; namely Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) are liquefied using sub-and supercritical water to produce bio-oil. Effects of temperatures (360, 390 and 450 °C) and pressures (25, 30 and 35 MPa) of the liquefaction of biomass on the bio-oil yields are investigated. The optimum liquefaction conditions for EFB and PKS using water are at supercritical conditions. PKS which consists of higher lignin content yields maximum bio-oil of about 41.3 wt % at temperature of 450 °C and the bio-oil yield from EFB is about 37.4 wt % at temperature of 390 °C.

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