Frost hardiness of Scots pine progenies and some woody horticultural cultivars under different preconditioning

Seedlings of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) were artificially frost hardened under controlled conditions. To follow the development of hardiness, the frost killing temperature was determined. Four levels of hardiness were defined during the course of frost hardening. After adaptation of the seedlings to dark conditions at room temperature, fluorescence induction and far red induced luminescence decay kinetics were recorded for seedlings of the four defined levels of hardiness. The induction curve of fluorescence and the decay curve of luminescence were digitized for 110 time intervals, and the values were used in a multivariate partial least squares analysis to evaluate the potential of luminescence and fluorescence as predictive probes for cold hardiness. The results showed that both fluorescence induction and luminescence decay kinetics contain information allowing the prediction of frost hardiness of artificially cold-hardened seedlings of Scots pine.

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Frost hardiness of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Scots pine under two fertilization treatments

Mycorrhiza ◽

10.1007/s00572-014-0618-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 377-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anna Korhonen ◽

Tarja Lehto ◽

Tapani Repo

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Frost Hardiness

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Development of freezing tolerance in roots and shoots of Scots pine seedlings at nonfreezing temperatures

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x98-022 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 557-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Aija Ryyppö ◽

Tapani Repo ◽

Elina Vapaavuori

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Fine Roots ◽

Day Treatment ◽

Growing Season ◽

Frost Damage ◽

Frost Hardiness ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Extracellular Resistance

The hardening of hydroponically cultured Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings and their recovery after freezing was studied at the end of the second growing season (LD), after 3 weeks of short day treatment (SD), after a gradual decrease in temperature to 5°C over 4 weeks (H1), and after 4 weeks at 5°C (H2). Frost hardiness was determined by several methods and the recovery as survival of the seedlings. The highest frost hardiness was achieved in the distal parts of needles (-21 to -27°C) and in the proximal parts of needles (-18 to -25°C), followed by woody roots (-7 to -9°C), the 1-year-old and current stem (-8°C), and the fine roots (-5°C), all at the end of H2. Hardening of needles was induced by SD, but the stem and woody roots started to harden later, as a response to low temperature. As a result of frost treatment during LD and SD, potential plasma membrane roman H+-ATPase activity of roots decreased as electrolyte leakage increased and extracellular resistance decreased, but this relationship was lost during H1 and H2. The present study demonstrates the lack of hardening capacity in the fine roots of Scots pine seedlings at nonfreezing temperatures and the increased mortality of the young seedlings having frost damage on roots.

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Effect of Ecotype and Latitude on Growth, Frost Hardiness, and Oxidative Stress of South to North Transplanted Scots Pine Seedlings

International Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1155/2010/162084 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Erja Taulavuori ◽

Kari Taulavuori ◽

Ahti Niinimaa ◽

Kari Laine

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Protein Oxidation ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Shoot Elongation ◽

Frost Hardiness ◽

Glutathione Reductase Activity ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Ecotypes of Pinus sylvestris seedlings from Kuhmo (64°N) and Ranua (66°N) were transplanted to 0 (control), 1, 2, and 3°N higher latitude in Northern Finland in 1997. Sampling was carried out twice per year (spring/autumn) during 1998–2000. Shoot elongation, total nitrogen concentration, frost hardiness and oxidative stress state (lipid peroxidation, glutathione reductase activity, and protein oxidation) in the needles were analyzed. Comparison between the seasonal sampling times indicated that total nitrogen, lipid peroxidation, glutathione reductase activity, and protein oxidation were lower in autumn, during which the frost hardiness was higher. The above suggests that the stress conditions were higher in spring. Comparison between the origins of the seedlings demonstrated that shoot elongation of the northern origin were minor, while their total nitrogen concentrations and frost hardiness were more pronounced. Effect of latitude on elongation of Scots pine is most probably a result of a combination of temperature and light quality. No delay in frost hardening due to higher latitude was observed during the autumnal equinox. No marked stress caused by transplantation to the north was either observed. It is concluded that southern ecotypes of Scots pine have the potential to adapt to migration driven by a warming climate.

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Genetic Basis of Climatic Adaptation in Scots Pine by Bayesian Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/156.3.1309 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 156 (3) ◽

pp. 1309-1322 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Päivi Hurme ◽

Mikko J Sillanpää ◽

Elja Arjas ◽

Tapani Repo ◽

Outi Savolainen

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Locus ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Backcross Progeny ◽

Mapping Method ◽

Frost Hardiness ◽

Bud Set ◽

Trait Locus

Abstract We examined the genetic basis of large adaptive differences in timing of bud set and frost hardiness between natural populations of Scots pine. As a mapping population, we considered an “open-pollinated backcross” progeny by collecting seeds of a single F1 tree (cross between trees from southern and northern Finland) growing in southern Finland. Due to the special features of the design (no marker information available on grandparents or the father), we applied a Bayesian quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping method developed previously for outcrossed offspring. We found four potential QTL for timing of bud set and seven for frost hardiness. Bayesian analyses detected more QTL than ANOVA for frost hardiness, but the opposite was true for bud set. These QTL included alleles with rather large effects, and additionally smaller QTL were supported. The largest QTL for bud set date accounted for about a fourth of the mean difference between populations. Thus, natural selection during adaptation has resulted in selection of at least some alleles of rather large effect.

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Seasonal development of Scots pine under climatic warming: effects on photosynthetic production

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x05-105 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (9) ◽

pp. 2092-2099 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Heikki Hänninen ◽

Pasi Kolari ◽

Pertti Hari

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Computer Simulations ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Frost Damage ◽

Frost Hardiness ◽

Seasonal Development ◽

Climatic Warming ◽

Present Climate ◽

First Approximation ◽

Photosynthetic Production

In boreal conditions under climatic warming, photosynthesis will start earlier in the spring than it does in the present climate. As a first approximation this phenomenon would increase the annual photosynthetic production of boreal conifers, as they can use the high amounts of incoming solar radiation prevailing during spring to a greater extent than in the present climate. However, the recovery of photosynthesis is accompanied by a simultaneous dehardening of the needles. Thus, climatic warming may also cause a premature dehardening of the needles during spring. This may result in needle losses caused by frost damage; so climatic warming may also decrease the annual photosynthetic production of boreal conifers. Using computer simulations with ecophysiological models, these counteracting effects of climatic warming on photosynthetic production were studied in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees growing in southern Finland. The results show that because of our insufficient understanding of the environmental regulation of frost hardiness, it is not possible to conclude which one of the two potential effects will dominate under climatic warming. This finding calls for further empirical development and testing of the frost hardiness models.

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