scholarly journals Sidik-Chaula Urethroplasty and the Manset Flap for Non-Glanular Hypospadias Repair

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaula L Sukasah ◽  
Laureen Supit
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Hypospadias Repair ◽  
Operative Techniques ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One ◽  
Rate Of Success

Hypospadias present with a wide array of meatal position and curvature. Choosing an operative technique for the different types of hypospadias has been challenging and controversial among the plastic, urologic, and pediatric surgeons. Regardless of the selected techniques, primary hypospadias repair still frequently results in complications requiring further surgery, such as fistula, residual chordee, and stricture. Owing to its practicality, the single stage urethroplasties are more-popular and widely used at present. However, our experience found higher rates of postoperative complications with the one-stage procedure compared to the two-stage for repair of non-glanular hypospadia. This article details the operative techniques of the two-stage Sidik-Chaula urethroplasty, a technique that we have implemented in our institution over two decades. It is applicable for the primary repair of any distal, middle, and proximal hypospadias. We also introduce the Manset Flap, a simple modification to the first stage of urethroplasty, which ease neourethra creation in the second stage. However, due to prior insufficient medical recordkeeping, we are yet unable to produce a quantified rate of success and complications by utilizing this technique. A study is currently being done to produce the numbers.

An Enhanced Two Stage MMSE Equalizer for Coded FBMC/OQAM Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rizk Assaf ◽  
Abdel-Nasser Assimi
Keyword(s):  
Error Propagation ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Probability Of Error ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mmse Equalizer ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Ici Cancellation

In this article, the authors investigate the enhanced two stage MMSE (TS-MMSE) equalizer in bit-interleaved coded FBMC/OQAM system which gives a tradeoff between complexity and performance, since error correcting codes limits error propagation, so this allows the equalizer to remove not only ICI but also ISI in the second stage. The proposed equalizer has shown less design complexity compared to the other MMSE equalizers. The obtained results show that the probability of error is improved where SNR gain reaches 2 dB measured at BER compared with ICI cancellation for different types of modulation schemes and ITU Vehicular B channel model. Some simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed equalizer.

A novel two-stage method of plant seedlings classification based on deep learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tianhong Dai ◽  
Shijie Cong ◽  
Jianping Huang ◽  
Yanwen Zhang ◽  
Xinwang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Classification ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Plant Seedlings

In agricultural production, weed removal is an important part of crop cultivation, but inevitably, other plants compete with crops for nutrients. Only by identifying and removing weeds can the quality of the harvest be guaranteed. Therefore, the distinction between weeds and crops is particularly important. Recently, deep learning technology has also been applied to the field of botany, and achieved good results. Convolutional neural networks are widely used in deep learning because of their excellent classification effects. The purpose of this article is to find a new method of plant seedling classification. This method includes two stages: image segmentation and image classification. The first stage is to use the improved U-Net to segment the dataset, and the second stage is to use six classification networks to classify the seedlings of the segmented dataset. The dataset used for the experiment contained 12 different types of plants, namely, 3 crops and 9 weeds. The model was evaluated by the multi-class statistical analysis of accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score. The results show that the two-stage classification method combining the improved U-Net segmentation network and the classification network was more conducive to the classification of plant seedlings, and the classification accuracy reaches 97.7%.

scholarly journals Hypospadias Repair: A Single Centre Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor Khan ◽  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
Waqas Hayat ◽  
Hidayat Ullah ◽  
Shazia Naz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Hypospadias Repair ◽  
Surgical Skill ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Urethral Plate ◽  
Single Centre Experience ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Hypospadias Surgery

Objectives. To determine the demographics and analyze the management and factors influencing the postoperative complications of hypospadias repair. Settings. Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Pakistan, from January 2007 to December 2011. Material and Methods. All male patients presenting with hypospadias irrespective of their ages were included in the study. The data were acquired from the hospital’s database and analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results. A total of 428 patients with mean age of 8.12 ± 5.04 SD presented for hypospadias repair. Midpenile hypospadias were the most common. Chordee, meatal abnormalities, cryptorchidism, and inguinal hernias were observed in 74.3%, 9.6%, 2.8%, and 2.1% cases, respectively. Two-stage (Bracka) and TIP (tubularized incised urethral plate) repairs were performed in 76.2% and 20.8% of cases, respectively. The most common complications were edema and urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF). The complications were significantly lower in the hands of specialists than residents (P-value = 0.0086). The two-stage hypospadias repair resulted in higher complications frequency than single-stage repair (P value = 0.0001). Conclusion. Hypospadias surgery has a long learning curve because it requires a great deal of temperament, surgical skill and acquaintance with magnifications. Single-stage repair should be encouraged wherever applicable due to its lower postoperative complications.

Treatment of gypsum waste in a two stage anaerobic reactor

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Deswaef ◽  
T. Salmon ◽  
S. Hiligsmann ◽  
X. Taillieu ◽  
N. Milande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The reduction of high concentrations of gypsum (up to 110 kg/m3) is investigated in a two stage immobilised cell bioreactor. The first stage is mainly colonised by a consortium of acidogenic bacteria and sulphate reducing bacteria oxidising volatile fatty acids with more than 2 carbons (mainly, butyrate and propionate). The gypsum consumption rate is rather high (11 kg/m3.day). Most of acetate remains unconverted in this first stage. It is partially converted in the second stage (residence time : 12 days) which is predominantly colonised by acetate oxidising bacteria. The gypsum consumption rate is much lower than in the first stage: 3 kg/m3.day. With both stages, it is possible to reach an almost complete conversion of gypsum with an overall capacity of 6.1 kg gypsum/m3.day. We propose also a very simple model to describe the different transformation rates. It allows us to clearly identify the activity levels of the different types of sulphate reducing bacteria in both stages.

TECHNIQUE OF REDUCTION TRANSFORMATIONS FOR MINIMIZATION OF ANALYZED NUMBER OF PARALLEL PROGRAM VARIANTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
A. I. Dordopulo
Keyword(s):  
Computer Systems ◽  
Parallel Program ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Reduction Coefficient ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One ◽  
Multiple Variants ◽  
Digit Capacity

Formulated several important conclusions of the basic theorems and the main principles of the reduction transformations’ technique. In comparison with automatic parallelizing, the proposed principles provide a considerable decrease in the number of steps required for the applications’ adaptation to architectures of reconfigurable computer systems. At the first stage, the reduction coefficient is factorized, and the rational values of different types of reduction coefficients (by the number of basic subgraphs, by the number of computational operations and by the digit capacity of data) are chosen from the multipliers. At the second stage, the reduction of basic subgraphs’ number is performed according to the coefficient chosen at the previous stage. At the third stage, the number of computational operations and the digit capacity of processed data are reduced to the limit values. The application of the reduction transformations’ technique allows for the integration of multiple variants of parallel program in one group and for the shortening of time needed for its adaptation to the architecture and configuration of a computer system. According to the estimations, the number of reduction transformation steps needed for the calculations’ scaling in reconfigurable computer systems is 26 steps and considerably less than the one for automatic parallelizing compilers.

Revisiting Ellsberg’s and Machina’s Paradoxes: A Two-Stage Evaluation Model Under Ambiguity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying He
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Subjective Expected Utility ◽  
Uncertainty Aversion ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Small Domain ◽  
Different Sources

In this paper, a two-stage evaluation (TSE) model for decision making under ambiguity is proposed. Events in state space are classified into risky and ambiguous events, which correspond to different types of uncertainty generated by different sources. In this TSE model, uncertainty of two different types are evaluated by decision maker (DM) in different stages. In the first stage, DM evaluates more uncertain consequences of an act locally by applying local subjective expected utility (SEU) models, which are then embedded into the second-stage evaluation based on SEU defined globally over all events. To axiomatize such a model, the small domain SEU over risky acts is extended to both risky and nonrisky (ambiguous) acts. When evaluating a risky act, TSE model reduces to Savage’s SEU with one stage. When evaluating an ambiguous act, local SEU with a different uncertainty aversion defined on ambiguous events gives TSE model some flexibility in describing preferences. It can be shown that TSE model can accommodate Ellsberg’s paradoxes and Machina’s paradoxes in the literature. When applied to portfolio selection problem, TSE model enjoys some nice properties other models do not have. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.

scholarly journals Robust Optimization of Airplane Passenger Seating Assignments

Aerospace ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Milne ◽  
Mostafa Salari ◽  
Lina Kattan
Keyword(s):  
Integer Programming ◽  
Robust Optimization ◽  
Mixed Integer Programming ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Slack Time ◽  
The One

We present a method that reduces the time it takes to complete the passenger boarding of an airplane. In particular, we describe a two-stage mixed integer programming (MIP) approach, which assigns passengers to seats on an airplane based on the number of bags they carry aboard the plane. The first stage is an MIP that assigns passengers to seats to minimize the time to complete the boarding of the plane. The second-stage MIP also determines seating assignments, while constraining the total boarding time to that determined by the stage-one MIP and maximizing weighted slack times to provide a more robust assignment. Numerical results show that this two-stage approach results in lower average boarding times than the one-stage approach, when the time it takes passengers to walk and sit in their seats is random. Experiments indicate that the magnitude of the improvement is not very sensitive to variations in the slack time weights.

Two-stage anterior and posterior fusion versus one-stage posterior fusion in patients with Scheuermann’s kyphosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 102-B (10) ◽  
pp. 1368-1374
Author(s):  
Jake M. McDonnell ◽  
Daniel P. Ahern ◽  
Darren F. Lui ◽  
Haiming Yu ◽  
Jan Lehovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Revision Surgery ◽  
Posterior Fusion ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Scheuermann’S Kyphosis ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The One ◽  
Junctional Kyphosis

Aims Whether a combined anteroposterior fusion or a posterior-only fusion is more effective in the management of patients with Scheuermann’s kyphosis remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes of these surgical approaches, and to evaluate the postoperative complications with the hypothesis that proximal junctional kyphosis would be more common in one-stage posterior-only fusion. Methods A retrospective review of patients treated surgically for Scheuermann’s kyphosis between 2006 and 2014 was performed. A total of 62 patients were identified, with 31 in each group. Parameters were compared to evaluate postoperative outcomes using chi-squared tests, independent-samples t-tests, and z-tests of proportions analyses where applicable. Results There were six postoperative infections in the two-stage anteroposterior group compared with three in the one-stage posterior-only group. A total of four patients in the anteroposterior group required revision surgery, compared with six in the posterior-only group. There was a significantly higher incidence of junctional failure associated with the one-stage posterior-only approach (12.9% vs 0%, p = 0.036). Proximal junction kyphosis (anteroposterior fusion (74.2%) vs posterior-only fusion (77.4%); p = 0.382) and distal junctional kyphosis (anteroposterior fusion (25.8%) vs posterior-only fusion (19.3%), p = 0.271) are common postoperative complications following both surgical approaches. Conclusion A two-stage anteroposterior fusion was associated with a significantly greater correction of the kyphosis compared with a one-stage posterior-only fusion, with a reduced incidence of junctional failure (0 vs 3). There was a notably greater incidence of infection with two-stage anteroposterior fusion; however, all were medically managed. More patients in the posterior-only group required revision surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(10):1368–1374.

scholarly journals PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR TAHU MENGGUNAKAN BIOREAKTOR ANAEROB SATU TAHAP DAN DUA TAHAP SECARA BATCH

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Florence T.N. Silalahi ◽  
Halimatuddahliana ◽  
Amir Husin
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Batch Bioreactor ◽  
The One

This research aimed to study the effect of one stage and two stage anaerobic fermentation on the performance of bioreactors in tofu liquid waste treatment. This research started with acclimatization that is adaptation process of microorganism derived from cow dung with tofu liquid waste. Acclimatization is carried out in acid condition (pH 5.5) and in neutral condition (pH 7). This is followed by a batch bioreactor operation for 40 days for one stage anaerobic fermentation (pH 7), while for the first stage of the two stage anaerobic fermentation (pH 5.5) lasted two days and proceeds with the second stage of the two stage anaerobic fermentation (pH 7) lasts 38 days The results obtained were COD removal efficiency of 76.6% for one stage anaerobic and 83.05% for two stage anaerobic. While the VFA concentration in the first stage of the two stage anaerobic increased by 33% of the one-stage anaerobic VFA concentration. One-stage anaerobic biogas yield of 0.24 L/g CODconvertedand 0.27 L/g CODconverted for to two stage anaerobic.

360: A Contemporary Analysis of Two-Stage Hypospadias Repair

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 120-120
Author(s):  
Pamela I. Ellsworth ◽  
Anthony Caldamone
Keyword(s):  
Hypospadias Repair ◽  
Two Stage
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