In vitro Radioprotective Activity of the Bryozoan Hyalinella punctata

GST-TAT-SOD was the fusion of superoxide dismutase (SOD), cell-permeable peptide TAT, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). It was proved to be a potential selective radioprotector in vitro in our previous work. This study evaluated the in vivo radioprotective activity of GST-TAT-SOD against whole-body irradiation. We demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml GST-TAT-SOD (2 kU/ml) 2 h before the 6 Gy whole-body irradiation in mice almost completely prevented the splenic damage. It could significantly enhance the splenic antioxidant activity which kept the number of splenic white pulp and consequently resisted the shrinkage of the spleen. Moreover, the thymus index, hepatic antioxidant activity, and white blood cell (WBC) count of peripheral blood in irradiated mice pretreated with GST-TAT-SOD also remarkably increased. Although the treated and untreated irradiated mice showed no significant difference in the growth rate of animal body weight at 7 days postirradiation, the highest growth rate of body weight was observed in the GST-TAT-SOD-pretreated group. Furthermore, GST-TAT-SOD pretreatment increased resistance against 8 Gy whole-body irradiation and enhanced 30 d survival. The overall effect of GST-TAT-SOD seemed to be a bit more powerful than that of amifostine. In conclusion, GST-TAT-SOD would be a safe and potentially promising radioprotector.

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Intein-mediated backbone cyclization of entolimod confers enhanced radioprotective activity in mouse models

10.7287/peerj.preprints.26803v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Bingyu Ye ◽

Wenlong Shen ◽

Minglei Shi ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

Cunshuan Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Clinical Investigation ◽

Affinity Purification ◽

Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Radioprotective Activity ◽

Backbone Cyclization

Background. Entolimod is a Salmonella enterica flagellin derivate. Previous work has demonstrated that entolimod effectively protects mice and non-human primates from ionizing radiation. However, it caused a “flu-like” syndrome after radioprotective and anticancer clinical application, indicating some type of immunogenicity and toxicity. Cyclization is commonly used to improve the in vivo stability and activity of peptides and proteins. Methods. We designed and constructed cyclic entolimod using split Npu DnaE intein with almost 100% cyclization efficiency. We adopted different strategies to purify the linear and circular entolimod due to their different topologies. Results. After Ni-chelating affinity purification, the linear and circular entolimod were purified by size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography, respectively. Compared with linear entolimod, the circular entolimod showed significantly increased both the in vitro NF-κB signaling and in vivo radioprotective activity in mice. Discussions/Conclusions. Our data indicates that circular entolimod might be a good candidate for further clinical investigation.

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Radioprotective activity and cytogenetic effect of resveratrol in human lymphocytes: An in vitro evaluation

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 391-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Natividad Sebastià ◽

Miguel Almonacid ◽

Juan Ignacio Villaescusa ◽

José Cervera ◽

Esperanza Such ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Radioprotective Activity ◽

In Vitro Evaluation ◽

Cytogenetic Effect

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Radioprotective activity of blackcurrant extract evaluated by in vitro micronucleus and gene mutation assays in TK6 human lymphoblastoid cells

Genes and Environment ◽

10.1186/s41021-017-0082-z ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ayumi Yamamoto ◽

Tokuhisa Hirouchi ◽

Saori Kawamorita ◽

Kana Nakashima ◽

Atena Sugiyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Mutation ◽

Radioprotective Activity ◽

Lymphoblastoid Cells

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Radioprotective Activity and Preliminary Mechanisms of N-oxalyl-d-phenylalanine (NOFD) In Vitro

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20010037 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Meng ◽

Fujun Yang ◽

Wei Long ◽

Wenqing Xu

Keyword(s):

Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽

The Body ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Endogenous Inhibitor ◽

Radioprotective Activity ◽

Hematopoietic System ◽

Radiation Induced

The radiation-induced damage to the human body is primarily caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after irradiation. Therefore, the removal of the increase of ROS caused by ionizing radiation (IR) has been the focus of research on radiation damage protective agents. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor in human and plays an important role in regulating the body metabolism. Factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) is an endogenous inhibitor factor of HIF protein under normoxia conditions. It has been shown that the high expression of HIF protein has a certain repair effect on radiation-induced intestinal injury and hematopoietic system damage in mice; however, it is not clear about the effect of HIF on the level of ROS after radiation. In this study, the role of N-oxalyl-d-phenylalanine (NOFD), an FIH inhibitor, for its effect on alleviating ROS level is investigated in the cells. Our results indicate that pretreatment with NOFD can mitigate ROS level and alleviate IR-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in vitro. Therefore, HIF can be used as a target on scavengers. Furthermore, in order to explore the relevant mechanism, we also test the expression of relevant HIF downstream genes in the cells, finding that Notch-2 gene is more sensitive to NOFD treatment. This experiment result is used to support the subsequent mechanism experiments.

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Intein-mediated backbone cyclization of entolimod confers enhanced radioprotective activity in mouse models

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.5043 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e5043

Author(s):

Bingyu Ye ◽

Wenlong Shen ◽

Minglei Shi ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

Cunshuan Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Clinical Investigation ◽

Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Nostoc Punctiforme ◽

Radioprotective Activity ◽

Backbone Cyclization

Background Entolimod is a Salmonella enterica flagellin derivate. Previous work has demonstrated that entolimod effectively protects mice and non-human primates from ionizing radiation. However, it caused a “flu-like” syndrome after radioprotective and anticancer clinical application, indicating some type of immunogenicity and toxicity. Cyclization is commonly used to improve the in vivo stability and activity of peptides and proteins. Methods We designed and constructed cyclic entolimod using split Nostoc punctiforme DnaE intein with almost 100% cyclization efficiency. We adopted different strategies to purify the linear and circular entolimod due to their different topologies. Both of linear and circular entolimod were first purified by Ni-chelating affinity chromatography, and then the linear and circular entolimod were purified by size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography, respectively. Results The circular entolimod showed significantly increased both the in vitro NF-κB signaling and in vivo radioprotective activity in mice. Conclusion Our data indicates that circular entolimod might be a good candidate for further clinical investigation.

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Synthesis and Radioprotective Activity of Mitochondria Targeted Dihydropyridines In Vitro

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms18112233 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 2233 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yurui Zhang ◽

Junying Wang ◽

Yuanyuan Li ◽

Feng Wang ◽

Fujun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radioprotective Activity

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Intein-mediated backbone cyclization of entolimod confers enhanced radioprotective activity in mouse models

10.7287/peerj.preprints.26803 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Bingyu Ye ◽

Wenlong Shen ◽

Minglei Shi ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

Cunshuan Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Clinical Investigation ◽

Affinity Purification ◽

Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Radioprotective Activity ◽

Backbone Cyclization

Background. Entolimod is a Salmonella enterica flagellin derivate. Previous work has demonstrated that entolimod effectively protects mice and non-human primates from ionizing radiation. However, it caused a “flu-like” syndrome after radioprotective and anticancer clinical application, indicating some type of immunogenicity and toxicity. Cyclization is commonly used to improve the in vivo stability and activity of peptides and proteins. Methods. We designed and constructed cyclic entolimod using split Npu DnaE intein with almost 100% cyclization efficiency. We adopted different strategies to purify the linear and circular entolimod due to their different topologies. Results. After Ni-chelating affinity purification, the linear and circular entolimod were purified by size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography, respectively. Compared with linear entolimod, the circular entolimod showed significantly increased both the in vitro NF-κB signaling and in vivo radioprotective activity in mice. Discussions/Conclusions. Our data indicates that circular entolimod might be a good candidate for further clinical investigation.

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Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050950 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 188-189

Author(s):

P.L. Moore

Keyword(s):

Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Freeze Fracture ◽

Amoeboid Movement ◽

Different Types ◽

Chemical Conditions ◽

Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

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In Vitro Induction of Crystals of MT Protein by Vinblastine-Colcemid in Mouse Spermatids

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050676 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 132-133

Author(s):

John J. Wolosewick ◽

John H. D. Bryan

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Nuclear Ring ◽

Rough Er ◽

Distal Direction ◽

In Vitro Induction

Early in spermiogenesis the manchette is rapidly assembled in a distal direction from the nuclear-ring-densities. The association of vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the manchette microtubules (MTS) has been reported. In the mouse, osmophilic densities at the distal ends of the manchette are the organizing centers (MTOCS), and are associated with the SER. Rapid MT assembly and the lack of rough ER suggests that there is an existing pool of MT protein. Colcemid potentiates the reaction of vinblastine with tubulin and was used in this investigation to detect this protein.

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