Adaptation of steppe plant species in technogenic ecotopes of the South-East of Ukraine

AbstractLarvae of the South African tephritid flies Mesoclanis polana Munro and M. magnipalpis Bezzi feed in the developing seeds of Chrysanthemoides monilifera. Host specificity evaluation using 109 plant species from 25 families indicated that complete development was restricted to their natural host C. monilifera. Minor feeding and limited development was detected on 18 species, but was of no ecological or economic significance. Mesoclanis polana and M. magnipalpis have been released in Australia and M. polana has established and dispersed widely. Mesoclanis magnipalpis has not yet become naturalized. Parasitism of M. polana in Australia by several species of Hymenoptera has been detected, but is not expected to limit the establishment and impact of these flies.

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Phytophthora cinnamomi invasion, a major threatening process to conservation of flora diversity in the South-west Botanical Province of Western Australia

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt06019 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 225 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

B. L. Shearer ◽

C. E. Crane ◽

S. Barrett ◽

A. Cochrane

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Western Australia ◽

Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Effective Control ◽

Susceptible Plant ◽

The South ◽

South West ◽

Indirect Impacts

The invasive soilborne plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands is a major threatening process in the South-west Botanical Province of Western Australia, an internationally recognised biodiversity hotspot. Comparatively recent introduction of P. cinnamomi into native plant communities of the South-west Botanical Province of Western Australia since the early 1900s has caused great irreversible damage and altered successional change to a wide range of unique, diverse and mainly susceptible plant communities. The cost of P. cinnamomi infestation to community values is illustrated by examination of direct (mortality curves, changes in vegetation cover) and indirect impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics, the proportion of Threatened Ecological Communities infested, Declared Rare Flora either directly or indirectly threatened by infestation and estimates of the proportion of the native flora of the South-west Botanical Province susceptible to the pathogen. While direct impacts of P. cinnamomi have been poorly documented in the South-west Botanical Province, even less attention has been given to indirect impact where destruction of the habitat by the pathogen affects taxa not directly affected by infection. Current poor understanding and quantification of indirect impacts of P. cinnamomi through habitat destruction results in an underestimation of the true impact of the pathogen on the flora of the South-west Botanical Province. Considerable variation of susceptibility to P. cinnamomi among and within families of threatened flora and responses of taxa within the genus Lambertia show how classification within family and genus are poor predictors of species susceptibility. Within apparently susceptible plant species, individuals are resistant to P. cinnamomi infection. Intra-specific variation in susceptibility can be utilised in the long-term management of threatened flora populations and needs to be a high research priority. Current control strategies for conservation of flora threatened by P. cinnamomi integrate hygiene and ex situ conservation with disease control using fungicide. Application of the fungicide phosphite has proven effective in slowing progress of P. cinnamomi in infested, threatened communities. However, variation in plant species responses to phosphite application is a major factor influencing effective control of P. cinnamomi in native communities. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of action of phosphite in plant species showing different responses to the fungicide may provide options for prescription modification to increase phosphite effectiveness in a range of plant species. The range of responses to P. cinnamomi infection and phosphite application described for Lambertia taxa suggests that the genus would make an ideal model system to elucidate the mechanisms of resistance to P. cinnamomi and the effectiveness of phosphite against the pathogen.

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Phytoecological and phytoedaphological characterization of steppe plant communities in the south of Tlemcen (western Algeria)

Open Journal of Ecology ◽

10.4236/oje.2013.38058 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 03 (08) ◽

pp. 495-504

Author(s):

Bahae-Ddine Ghezlaoui ◽

Noury Benabadji ◽

Nedjwa Benabadji

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

The South ◽

Western Algeria ◽

Steppe Plant ◽

Steppe Plant Communities

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The contribution and importance of rare macrofungi in selected plots of endangered xerothermic grasslands in the Nida Basin

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2012.068 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 147-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agnieszka Tomaszewska ◽

Janusz Łuszczyński ◽

Bożena Łuszczyńska ◽

Justyna Jaworska

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Indicator Species ◽

Rare Species ◽

Grassland Ecosystems ◽

As Species ◽

Steppe Plant

Xerothermic habitats of protected sites in the Nida Basin are of special natural value. The richness of steppe plant species contributes to the biodiversity of grassland ecosystems and increases the floristic and landscape uniqueness of Ponidzie. A rich thermophilous biota of interesting steppe macromycetes (Basidiomycetes) develops in the xerothermic vegetation in the area. As preliminary investigations into macrofungi in xerothermic communities in the Nida Basin have shown, many very rare and valuable species as well as species new to the Polish mycobiota occur in the study area. Several rare species of gasteroid fungi, such as Geastrum minimum and G. schmidelii, were found in patches of Sisymbrio-Stipetum capillatae. Many taxa are indicator species of these biocoenoses. Noteworthy are parasitic macrofungi infecting roots of the genus Stipa: Gastrosporium simplex and Polyporus rhizophilus. Localities of species of the genus Tulostoma: T. brumale, T. kotlabae and T. melanocyclum, T. squamosum, new to the Nida Basin, were recorded in patches of Koelerio-Festucetum rupicolae and Festucetum pallentis. The above fungi are very rare in Poland’s mycobiota. They are strongly threatened and are classified as endangered (E). Geastrum minimum and the species of the genus Tulostoma are strictly protected.

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New alien plant species recorded in the southern regions of Latvia / Pietiniuose Latvijos rajonuose aptiktos naujos svetimžemės augalų rūšys

Botanica Lithuanica ◽

10.1515/botlit-2016-0016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 153-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zigmantas Gudžinskas ◽

Lukas Petrulaitis

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Alien Plants ◽

Alien Plant Species ◽

The South ◽

Alien Plant ◽

Introduced Plants ◽

Field Investigations ◽

Arable Fields ◽

Identification Of Species ◽

Established Species

Abstract Alien plants are one of the most dynamic and rapidly changing components of flora. Many intentionally introduced plants, which formerly were in cultivation only, now are increasingly found escaped and occur in anthropogenic or seminatural habitats. During field investigations in the southern districts of Latvia in 2014-2016, six new alien plant species were recorded: Allium nutans, Hylotelephium spectabile, Solidago ×niederederi, Symphyotrichum dumosum, S. lanceolatum and S. novae-angliae. To date, four species, Allium nutans, Hylotelephium spectabile, Symphyotrichum dumosum and S. novae-angliae, occur as casual aliens in Latvia. Solidago ×niederederi should be ascribed to the group of established species, whereas Symphyotrichum lanceolatum has naturalized and is potentially invasive. Notes on morphology and identification of species as well as characteristics of the recorded populations are discussed. A note on 20 other alien plant species recorded in wastelands, abandoned meadows and unused arable fields in the south-western part of Daugavpils city is also provided.

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Plant communities on solonetz and salinized soils of the Southern Ural

Vegetation of Russia ◽

10.31111/vegrus/2003.04.29 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 29-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. N. Karpov ◽

T. M. Lysenko ◽

V. B. Golub

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Desert Plant ◽

The South ◽

Orenburg Region ◽

Northern Kazakhstan ◽

Steppe Plant ◽

Steppe Plant Communities

A new set of data depicting plant communities on solonetz and salinized soils of the Southern Ural is given according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. The new alliance Poo bulbosae—Artemision pauciflorae which comprises associations on automorphic chestnut and chernozem solonetz soils, namely Poo bulbosae—Artemisietum pauciflorae ass. nov., Puccinellio tenuissimae—Limonietum suffruticosi ass. nov., Leymo ramosi—Artemisietum austriacae ass. nov., Festuco beckeri—Artemisietum lerchianae ass. nov., and Festuco valesiacae—Artemisietum austriacae ass. nov., is established. The alliance communities are spread in the south-easternmost part of the Bashkortostan Republic and the Orenburg region, as well as in the adjacent areas of the Northern Kazakhstan (Aktyubinsk and Kustanai regions). Viewed in the syntaxonomic space, this unit occupies the place between the classes Festuco-Puccinellietea Soó 1968 and Artemisietea lerchianae Golub 1994. Low standards of current syntaxonomic knowledge of steppe and desert plant communities of Russia and neighbouring countries make it difficult to determine of the alliance position in the system of higher syntaxa precisely. Some lower syntaxa of the all. Festuco-Limonion gmelinii Mirkin ex Golub et V. Solomakha 1988, uniting steppe plant communities on semiautomorphic solonetz soils of the Southern Ural, namely Puccinellietum tenuissimae artemisietosum lerchianae subass. nov., Stemmacantho serratuloidis—Puccinellietum dolicholepidis ass. nov., and Festuco pratensis—Artemisietum lerchianae ass. nov., are also described in the paper.

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Maireana brevifolia (Chenopodiaceae: Camphorosmeae), a new naturalized alien plant species in South Africa

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v41i2.55 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 235-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Mucina ◽

D. A. Snijman

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Alien Species ◽

South African ◽

Plant Species ◽

Western Cape ◽

Alien Plant Species ◽

The South ◽

Alien Plant ◽

African Flora

We describe and discuss the distribution of a new, naturalized alien species, Maireana brevifolia (R.Br.) Paul G.Wilson (Chenopodiaceae), a native of Australia, in the western regions of South Africa. First discovered near Worcester, Western Cape in 1976, the species is now established in disturbed karoo shrubby rangelands, along dirt roads and on saline alluvia, from northern Namaqualand to the western Little Karoo. In the South African flora, M. brevifolia is most easily confused with the indigenous Bassia salsoloides (Fenzl) A.J.Scott, from which it is distinguished by the flat to cup-shaped and almost glabrous perianth with woolly-ciliate lobes, and the hardened and winged fruiting perianth.

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Natural Products Isolated from Endemic Tasmanian Vascular Plants

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch18283 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 (10) ◽

pp. 756 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bianca J. Deans ◽

Miguel de Salas ◽

Jason A. Smith ◽

Alex C. Bissember

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Plant Species ◽

Vascular Plants ◽

Vascular Plant ◽

The South ◽

South Eastern ◽

Vascular Plant Species ◽

Rich Diversity ◽

Island State ◽

High Degree

Tasmania is the south-eastern island state of Australia. It is geographically isolated and is recognised for both its rich diversity of plant species and high degree of endemism. Although 530 endemic Tasmanian vascular plant species are known, natural products have only been isolated from 27 of these species (~5.1 %), representing 3 classes (Dicotyledonae, Monocotyledonae, and Gymnospermae), 12 families, and 14 genera. Terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids are the major classes of compound that have been isolated from these species. This report provides the first review of the natural products isolated from endemic Tasmanian plant species and covers ~70 years of research in this area.

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