EVALUATION OF MORPHOGENESIS AND REGENERATION OF HARD SPRING WHEAT IN VITRO

Seventy-eight doubled haploid (DH) lines, derived from 21 elite and diverse winter × spring wheat F 1 hybrids, following the wheat × maize system, were screened along with the parental genotypes under in vitro and in vivo conditions for cold tolerance. Under in vitro conditions, the 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test was used to characterize the genotypes for cold tolerance. Based on the TTC test, only one doubled haploid, DH 69, was characterized as cold-tolerant, seven DH and five winter wheat parents were moderately tolerant, while the rest were susceptible. Analysis of variance under in vivo conditions also indicated the presence of sufficient genetic variability among the genotypes (DH lines + parents) for all the yield-contributing traits under study. The correlation and path analysis studies underlined the importance of indirect selection for tillers per plant, harvest index and grains per spike in order to improve grain yield. It was also concluded that selection should not be practised for grain weight per spike as it would adversely affect the grain yield per plant. When comparing the field performance of the genotypes with the in vitro screening parameters, it was concluded that in addition to the TTC test, comprising a single parameter, other physiological and biochemical in vitro parameters should be identified, which clearly distinguish between cold-tolerant and susceptible genotypes and also correlate well with their performance under field conditions.

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In vitro testing of different soft spring wheat forms for resistance to unfavorable abiotic environmental factors

Russian Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.3103/s1068367407050011 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 283-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. M. Rosseev

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

In Vitro Testing ◽

Abiotic Environmental Factors

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Variability in arabinoxylan, xylanase activity, and xylanase inhibitor levels in hard spring wheat

CFW Plexus ◽

10.1094/cplex-2012-1114-01w ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Mihiri Mendis ◽

Jan Delcour ◽

Kurt Gebruers ◽

Jae Ohn ◽

Steven Meinhardt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Xylanase Activity ◽

Xylanase Inhibitor ◽

Hard Spring Wheat

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Physiological and Yield Responses of Spring Wheat Cultivars under Realistic and Acute Levels of Ozone

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12111392 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1392

Author(s):

Nivedita Chaudhary ◽

David J. Bonfil ◽

Eran Tas

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Mixing Ratios ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Stomatal Responses ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Hard Spring Wheat

Tropospheric ozone (O3) is widely recognized as the cause of substantial yield and quality reduction in crops. Most of the previous studies focused on the exposure of wheat cultivars to elevated O3 levels. Our main objectives were to: (i) investigate the consistency of wheat cultivars’ physiological responses across two different realistic O3 levels; and (ii) compare these physiological responses with those under short acute O3 exposure. Three commercially available hard spring wheat cultivars bred under semiarid and Eastern Mediterranean conditions were exposed to two different O3 levels during two consecutive seasons (2016–2018)—36 and 71 ppbv 7 h mean O3 mixing ratios in open-top chambers. The results were compared to those following short acute O3 exposure (102.8 ppbv, 7 h mean for 10 days) in a greenhouse. Non-stomatal responses were significantly more pronounced than stomatal responses in all cultivars under different levels of O3. The specific cultivar was observed as the most O3-tolerant under all experiments. The fact that the same cultivar was found remarkably tolerant to the local semiarid ambient conditions according to other studies and to O3 exposure based on the present study supports a link between cultivar resistance to drought conditions and O3.

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Low Temperature Storage and in vitro Pollen Germination of Selected Spring Wheat Accessions

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n9p1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Bahram Baninasab ◽

Mirko Tabori ◽

Junjie Yu ◽

Yuxue Zhang ◽

Xuelian Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽

Low Temperature Storage ◽

Fresh Pollen ◽

Storage Temperatures ◽

Temperature Storage

The study was conducted to evaluate in vitro pollen germination of 50 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions at three storage temperatures (23 °C, 5 °C, and -20 °C). Germination of the mature pollen was measured right after harvest (0 time), and 24, 48, and 72 h after storage (HAS). Differences in fresh pollen germination between accessions were significant and ranged from 21.15% to 1.09%. Pollen germination was the lowest at 24 h at room temperature. The pollens of 24 wheat accessions (AAC Scotia, AW636, AW725, AW780, AW804, AW822, AW823, Brookfield, BRS Pardela, ECSW05, ECSW38, ECSW48, ECSW49, ECSW69, Hoffman, Kleos, Major, Nass, 12NQW-237, 12NQW-413, 12NQW-414, 12NQW-436, 12NQW-754, and 12BW0374) were viable after 24 h when they were stored at 5 °C. Sub-zero temperature did not prolong pollen viability.

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Puroindoline allele diversity in Canadian and northern US hard spring wheat varieties differing in kernel hardness

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps07168 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 88 (5) ◽

pp. 873-883 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. A. Matus-Cádiz ◽

C. J. Pozniak ◽

P. Hucl

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Point Mutations ◽

Allelic Diversity ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Kernel Hardness ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Allele Composition ◽

End Use ◽

Hard Spring Wheat

Kernel hardness, one of the most important factors in determining the end-use suitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is largely influenced by puroindoline proteins a (PINA) and b (PINB). Soft texture is wildtype (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a) with hard texture being determined by either Pina-D1 gene deletion or point mutations in Pinb-D1a. The objectives of this study were to determine kernel hardness indices (HI) and Pina-D1/Pinb-D1 allelic diversity in a diverse set of 81 Canadian (representing eight wheat classes) and 49 US hard spring wheat varieties. Varieties were grouped into two experimental sets grown in replicated trials in 2004–2006 at Saskatoon, SK. Variation existed among varieties with HI means ranging from 21.7 (CDC Zorba) to 72.7 (AC Morse) in exp. 1 and from 25.0 (HY320) to 66.1 (Norlander) in exp. 2. Only AC Andrew, CDC Zorba, and Red Fife were soft kernel textured and carried the wildtype Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a alleles. The majority of Canadian varieties were Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b (69%), while a greater frequency of US varieties was Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a (55%). Only four varieties, all from Quebec-based breeding programs, carried the Pinb-D1c allele. On average, varieties with the Pina-D1b allele had significantly harder kernels than those carrying the Pinb-D1b mutation. Durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var durum) varieties, included as hard-kernelled controls, possessed significantly harder kernels (average HI = 71.2) than spring wheat varieties with Pina-D1b (65.3). Varieties carrying Pina-D1b (null PINA) were harder than those carrying hardness mutations at the Pinb-D1 locus, but considerable overlap in hardness was evident among genotypic classes. This work represents the first extensive Pin genotyping combined with HI phenotyping survey of Canadian wheat varieties, which is expected to aid breeders in understanding how Pina-D1/Pinb-D1 allele composition is currently associated with kernel hardness across Canadian wheat classes. Key words: Triticum aestivum, kernel hardness, puroindolines

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