scholarly journals Mandatory Mediation and the Rule of Law

Amicus Curiae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-83
Author(s):  
Michael Bartlet
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
Judicial Scrutiny ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Right Of Access ◽  
Mediation Practice

This article evaluates mediation practice against the core principles that Thomas Bingham identifies as constituting the rule of law. It identifies three forms of compulsion and discusses these in the light of Thomas Bingham’s eight principles. The article examines how voluntary mediation may increase access to justice, a significant component of the rule of law, but an element of compulsion, in its strict sense, impedes the constitutional right of access to the courts and stifles the development of precedent. To comply with the rule of law, in its more substantive version, any instruction that parties attempt to settle via mediation needs to be subject to judicial scrutiny, must ensure that the cost of mediation is not disproportionate, that there is a genuine willingness of the parties to engage in the process with good faith, and that it involves no greater structural inequalities than in litigation.

scholarly journals Ensuring the Rule of Law in Public Administration and Local Self-Government

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
E. B. Ablaeva ◽  
A. R. Ensebaeva ◽  
M. A. Utanov
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Judicial Control ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State And Local

The paper examines the powers of the judiciary to ensure the rule of law in the sphere of public administration and local self-government, which, according to the authors, consist in the implementation of the judicial control function by the courts. Granting the judicial power with the function of judicial control and expanding the scope of its implementation is one of the mechanisms that, in conditions of ensuring the rule of law, are necessary in order for everyone to exercise their constitutional freedom to appeal to the court against illegal acts, decisions, actions or omissions of public authorities, their officials, and civil servants. It is obvious that the role of the judiciary is significantly enhanced in the implementation of the second institutional reform to ensure the rule of law. Today, the rule of law in the sphere of state and local government is ensured the implementation of judicial control by courts of general, specialized and higher jurisdiction, as well as specialized formulations courts of the Republic of Kazakhstan in accordance with the RK legislation on civil and criminal procedure and administrative offences. However, according to the study, administrative and judicial reforms carried out in parallel in the Republic of Kazakhstan have resulted, on the one hand, in strengthening judicial control in the sphere of state administration and local self-government, and, on the other hand, in restricting the constitutional right to judicial protection and freedom of appeal in court. According to the authors, the steps to optimize the courts, consisting in the transition from a five-level court to a three-level court, have not achieved their main goal-to simplify access to justice.

11. International Law and Restraints on the Exercise of Jurisdiction by National Courts of States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippa Webb
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
National Courts ◽  
State Immunity ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Judicial Scrutiny ◽  
Jus Cogens ◽  
Right Of Access

This chapter examines the methods by which States prevent their national courts from deciding disputes that relate to the internal affairs of another State. It considers three main ‘avoidance techniques’: State immunity, act of State, and non-justiciability. It discusses the arguments for and against the current prohibition on the determination of one State’s disputes in the national courts of another State, and identifies the challenges presented by the rule of law, an individual’s right of access to court, and the implementation of jus cogens norms to the maintenance of these avoidance techniques. It concludes with the observation that the pendulum continues to swing between prioritizing sovereignty by protecting the activities of States from judicial scrutiny and calling for greater accountability and remedies for violations of international law.

scholarly journals THE NORMATIVE STANDING OF ACCESS TO JUSTICE: AN ARGUMENT FROM NONDOMINATION

1969 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-261
Author(s):  
William Lucy
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Normative Significance ◽  
Normative Cost

After elucidating and defending an account of access to justice that is consistent with most uses of that notion in academic and policy discourse, this essay examines some arguments that attempt to show the value of access to justice. It shows that one such argument (from non-domination) does a better job of illustrating access to justice’s normative significance than two frequently invoked competitors (the arguments from the rule of law and equality). In an era in which access to justice seems genuinely in peril, it is vital to appreciate the normative cost of its restriction or denial.          

scholarly journals The independence and impartiality of the hybrid CETA Investment Court System: Reflections in the aftermath of Opinion 1/17

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fanou
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Court System ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Access ◽  
The Eu

In its recent Opinion 1/17, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) examined the compatibility of an external judicial body, the Investment Court System (ICS) under the EU–Canada Comprehensive and Economic Trade Agreement (CETA), with EU law. At a time when judicial independence has arisen as one of the main challenges for the rule of law in the EU, this article discusses the Court’s findings in relation to the compatibility of the ICS with the right of access to an independent and impartial tribunal.

scholarly journals Access to Justice and Democratic Governance in Cameroon: Which Lessons in the Light of Constitutional Justice?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Guy ATANGANA MVOGO
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Constitutional Justice

Through the constitutional law of January 18, 1996, Cameroon endowed itself with a constitutional justice. The question is to what extent do the mechanisms of access to constitutional justice contribute to the democratic governance of the country? To analyse this fact, it appears that the mechanisms of access to constitutional justice in Cameroon are highly prohibitive and deny the rule of law and participatory democracy; all things that are resolutely situated at the antipodes of a democratic governance.

scholarly journals Counterclaims and the Rule of Law in Investment Arbitration

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
International Investment Law ◽  
Rule By Law ◽  
Investment Arbitration ◽  
The Law ◽  
Broad Interpretation

While the rule of law was originally developed with reference to domestic constitutional orders, it is also widely embraced by international lawyers. This essay argues that the admission of counterclaims in certain circumstances helps investment arbitration advance the rule of law on several counts. The rule of law is defined here to include not only formal elements such as rule-by-law and formal legality, but also “thicker” elements attached to certain substantive values, including fundamental human rights. The UN's work on the rule of law clearly adopts a broad interpretation of this concept. This essay examines the potential for counterclaims to bridge the gap between the lack of effective mechanisms to hold foreign investors accountable for their conduct and the extensive protection of foreign investors in international investment law. By doing so, counterclaims in investment arbitration may promote the thicker elements of the rule of law such as accountability to the law, access to justice, and fairness in the application of the law.

scholarly journals ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND ABUSES OF CONTRACT

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Margaret Jane Radin
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Mass Market ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Société Civile ◽  
Fine Print

Mass-market standardized fine print (boilerplate) altering the rights of consumers is greatly expanding in today’s digital environment  Mass-market boilerplate impacts access to justice when it deletes rights to redress of grievances. Such deletion of rights leads to normative degradation because it undermines agreement, which is the basis of justifiable contractual enforcement, and leads to democratic degradation because it undermines the basis of civil society and the rule of law. A brief comparison of US and Canadian common law suggests that Canada’s legal system is less willing to allow these inroads into access to justice. Dans le monde numérique d’aujourd’hui, l’insertion dans les conventions, ententes et contrats les plus communs de clauses standardisées en petits caractères, qui dénaturent les droits des consommateurs, est de plus en plus fréquente. Ces clauses passe-partout ont des répercussions sur l’accès à la justice lorsqu’elles suppriment le droit à la réparation d’un préjudice. Une telle suppression de droits mène à la dégradation normative parce qu’elle mine le consentement, qui est la base de l’exécution justifiable d’une obligation contractuelle, et à la dégradation de la démocratie parce qu’elle gruge la base de la société civile et la primauté du droit. Une brève comparaison de la common law des États-Unis et de celle du Canada laisse voir que le système juridique canadien est moins porté à permettre de tels empiètements sur l’accès à la justice.

scholarly journals Implementasi Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban (Sudi di Polres Kuningan)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Budiman dan Gios Adhyaksa
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Trial Judge ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Unwritten Law

Article 1 (1) of the 1945 Constitution states that, Indonesia is the law of the State in the form of Republic. Therefore, the provisions of the applicable legislation and set the life of the Indonesian nation comes from the law, whether written or unwritten law. One runway is used as basic guidelines in order to achieve justice for all Indonesian people, especially in the field of law, set forth in Article 27 paragraph (1) of the Act of 1945, which reads, "All citizens are equal before the law and government and must uphold the rule of law and without exception. " Protection of witnesses reporting the crime of pornography, the identity of a witness, obviously very secret and confidential examined by the police, even on a trial judge has no right to bring a witness, before the trial because the reporter's identity confidentiality is strictly protected by the Law No. 44 Year 2008 on pornography.  Factors that became penghamabat the police to provide protection against the crime of pornography reporting, that one of the eligibility period and the cost to hold the protection of witnesses and victims must require substantial funds, although basically the police have been very ready to implement the law , subject to the government in terms of a special budget for the program of protection, especially for operational costs in the field.  Keywords: Crime, Pornography, Witness, Protection. 

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