scholarly journals The harm that judges do – misunderstanding computer evidence: Mr Castleton’s story

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-48
Author(s):  
Paul Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Computer Systems ◽  
User Input ◽  
Electronic Evidence ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Input Error

The reliability of computer systems, and the reliability of documents produced by computers, is important. There is a widely held perception that computers are fundamentally reliable. Further, it is commonly assumed that most computer errors are readily detectable or otherwise the result of user ‘input’ error. Since 1997 the courts have applied the presumption of the proper functioning of machines to computers. This article considered the case of Lee Castleton to illustrate that this presumption can have a devastating effect when applied. Index words: software, electronic evidence, computer evidence, presumption of reliability

scholarly journals Recommendations for the probity of computer evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Paul Marshall ◽  
James Christie ◽  
Peter Bernard Ladkin ◽  
Bev Littlewood ◽  
Stephen Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Systems ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Electronic Evidence ◽  
Evaluation Of Evidence

There exists widespread misunderstanding about the nature of computers and how and why they are liable to fail. The present approach to the disclosure or discovery and evaluation of evidence produced by computers in legal proceedings is unsatisfactory. The central problem is the evidential presumption that computers are reliable. This presumption is not warranted. To this end, recommendations are proposed to rectify this problem with the aim of increasing the probability of a fair trial. Index words: electronic evidence; computer systems; disclosure; discovery; recommendations for judges; fairness of legal proceedings

scholarly journals Human Computer Interaction Pengelolaan Open Journal Systems berbasis Interaction Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Endang Retnoningsih ◽  
Ari Nurul Alfian
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Direct Manipulation ◽  
Software Application ◽  
User Input ◽  
Input System ◽  
System Output ◽  
Computer Interaction ◽  
Open Journal Systems

Abstrak: Open Journal Systems (OJS) adalah aplikasi perangkat lunak open source untuk mengelola dan menerbitkan jurnal ilmiah, untuk mendukung fungsinya tersebut Open Journal Systems (OJS) secara umum memiliki fitur yang dalam perkembangan setiap versinya mengalami perbaikan dan penyesuaian dengan kebutuhan. Proses penerbitan jurnal sangat berdampak pada proses akreditasi jurnal, oleh karena itu perlu dipahami proses bisnis alur pengiriman artikel dari author menggunakan Open Journal Systems (OJS) hingga artikel di publish. Dalam sistem diperlukan pemodelan perencanaan, desain dan penggunaan interface antara pengguna dan komputer, interaksi ini dikenal sebagai interaksi antara manusia dengan komputer (Human Computer Interaction). Framework digunakan untuk memahami interaksi sistem komputer memberikan fasilitas bahasa antara bahasa user  dan bahasa sistem. Pengguna (user) dan sistem komputer (system) dapat saling berinteraksi menggunakan beberapa cara interaksi yaitu style kombinasi form fill-in dan direct manipulation. Open Journal Systems (OJS) 3.x. memiliki tampilan yang lebih ringkas, mudah dan flexible karena dibangun dengan prinsip Interaction Framework melibatkan user, input, system, output.  Kata kunci: framework, HCI, jurnal, OJS, PKP  Abstract: Open Journal Systems (OJS) is an open source software application to manage and publish scientific journals, to support this function Open Journal Systems (OJS) generally has features that in each version's development experience improvements and adjustments to the needs. The process of publishing a journal greatly affects the accreditation process of the journal, therefore it is necessary to understand the business process of sending articles from the author using Open Journal Systems (OJS) until the article is published. In the system required modeling planning, design and use of interfaces between users and computers, this interaction is known as the interaction between humans and computers (Human Computer Interaction). Framework is used to understand the interaction of computer systems to provide language facilities between the user's language and system language. Users (users) and computer systems (systems) can interact with each other using several modes of interaction, namely the combination style form fill-in and direct manipulation. Open Journal Systems (OJS) 3.x. has a more concise, easy and flexible appearance because it is built on the principle of Interaction Framework involving users, input, system, output.  Keywords: framework, HCI, journals, OJS, PKP

scholarly journals Modification data attack inside computer systems: a critical review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Vahid Kaviani J ◽  
Parvin Ahmadi Doval Amiri ◽  
Farsad Zamani Brujeni ◽  
Nima Akhlaghi
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
User Input ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Data User ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Data Configuration

This paper is a review of types of modification data attack based on computer systems and it explores the vulnerabilities and mitigations. Altering information is a kind of cyber-attack during which intruders interfere, catch, alter, take or erase critical data on the PCs and applications through using network exploit or by running malicious executable codes on victim's system. One of the most difficult and trendy areas in information security is to protect the sensitive information and secure devices from any kind of threats. Latest advancements in information technology in the field of information security reveal huge amount of budget funded for and spent on developing and addressing security threats to mitigate them. This helps in a variety of settings such as military, business, science, and entertainment. Considering all concerns, the security issues almost always come at first as the most critical concerns in the modern time. As a matter of fact, there is no ultimate security solution; although recent developments in security analysis are finding daily vulnerabilities, there are many motivations to spend billions of dollars to ensure there are vulnerabilities waiting for any kind of breach or exploit to penetrate into the systems and networks and achieve particular interests. In terms of modifying data and information, from old-fashioned attacks to recent cyber ones, all of the attacks are using the same signature: either controlling data streams to easily breach system protections or using non-control-data attack approaches. Both methods can damage applications which work on decision-making data, user input data, configuration data, or user identity data to a large extent. In this review paper, we have tried to express trends of vulnerabilities in the network protocols’ applications.

A Model for Structured Data Entry Based on Explicit Descriptional Knowledge

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (05) ◽  
pp. 454-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. van Ginneken ◽  
J. van der Lei ◽  
J. H. van Bemmel ◽  
P. W. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Structured Data ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
User Input ◽  
The One ◽  
Research Quality Assessment

Abstract:Clinical narratives in patient records are usually recorded in free text, limiting the use of this information for research, quality assessment, and decision support. This study focuses on the capture of clinical narratives in a structured format by supporting physicians with structured data entry (SDE). We analyzed and made explicit which requirements SDE should meet to be acceptable for the physician on the one hand, and generate unambiguous patient data on the other. Starting from these requirements, we found that in order to support SDE, the knowledge on which it is based needs to be made explicit: we refer to this knowledge as descriptional knowledge. We articulate the nature of this knowledge, and propose a model in which it can be formally represented. The model allows the construction of specific knowledge bases, each representing the knowledge needed to support SDE within a circumscribed domain. Data entry is made possible through a general entry program, of which the behavior is determined by a combination of user input and the content of the applicable domain knowledge base. We clarify how descriptional knowledge is represented, modeled, and used for data entry to achieve SDE, which meets the proposed requirements.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL MECHANISM FOR THE FUNCTIONING OF PAYMENT SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 079-084
Author(s):  
ELIZAVETA SALINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Payment System ◽  
State University ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Money Transfer ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Transfer Services ◽  
Legal Mechanism

1 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia The presented research reveals an approach to the construction of a legal mechanism for the functioning of payment systems. The proposed approach is based on the application of the principles of legal regulation. The purpose of a work is to determine the existing legal mechanism for the functioning of payment systems, identify its drawbacks and propose a new approach to legal regulation to ensure the proper functioning of payment systems. The proposed approach to legal regulation takes into account the specifics of the functioning of payment systems, which consists in the presence of three elements in its activities: institutional, procedural and organizational. These elements reflect the subject structure of the payment system, the process of providing money transfer services by them, and the ways in which payment system entities interact during providing payment services. Each of the elements must be defined within the legal framework of the payment system to ensure its proper functioning. The proposed principles of legal regulation take into account the features of these elements, in particular, the principles are classified into three groups, depending on the element they affect. The paper describes ways to implement the principles in the legal mechanism: the possibility of their direct application, depending on the type of significance of the payment system, is analyzed. It is also concluded that the implementation of the principles in the legal mechanism will reduce the regulatory burden on payment systems by using an approach depending on the level of significance of the payment system. The paper defines the role of the principles, which is that the principles allow to eliminate the legal gaps in the legislation on the national payment system, and prevent the emergence of new gaps.

A Method of Risk Analysis for Computer Systems

1988 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
Kazuo Takaragi ◽  
Ryoichi Sasaki ◽  
Yasuhiko Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Computer Systems
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