scholarly journals Managing Overweight and Obesity in Ghana from a Cultural Lens: The Complementary Role of Behaviour Modification

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Hagan Jnr. John Elvis ◽  
Nsiah-Asamoah, Christiana ◽  
Hormenu, Thomas ◽  
Pollmann, Dietmar ◽  
Schack, Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
The People ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Extant epidemiological and social diagnosis information shows an alarming upsurge in the prevalence of overweight and obesity over the last decade in developing countries including Ghana. Despite literature on the dangers and associated risk factors of these two health related constructs is well-written and documented, there seems to be a distinct knowledge gap on cultural influences that may trigger the onset of overweight and obesity, and related comorbidities. This review paper provides a general overview on overweight and obesity, and presents a supportive evidence of their rising prevalence as well as associated overall implications on public health in Ghana. Additionally, the paper explores how indigenous cultural perceptions, beliefs and norms impact on dietary and physical activity behaviours of the people. Based on available evidence, the complementary role of behaviour modification towards the management of overweight and obesity is suggested. The PEN-3 model as an appropriate cultural framework is proposed for future empirical investigations. This would afford programme planners to assess how to design culturally underpinned appropriate intervention programmes that would positively influence long term behavioural practices of the local people.

Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists in Children with Immune Thrombocytopenia: A New Therapeutic Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lassandro ◽  
Valentina Palladino ◽  
Giovanni Carlo Del Vecchioa ◽  
Viviana Valeria Palmieri ◽  
Paola Carmela Corallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Thrombopoietin Receptor ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Background and Objective: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common bleeding disorder in childhood. The management of ITP in children is controversial, requiring personalized assessment of patients and therapeutic choices. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), eltrombopag and romiplostim, have been shown to be safety and effective for the treatment of pediatric ITP. The aim of our research is defining the role of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in the management of pediatric ITP. Method: This review focuses on the use of TPO-RAs in pediatric ITP, in randomized trials and in clinical routine, highlighting their key role in management of the disease. Results: Eltrombopag and romiplostim appear effective treatment options for children with ITP. Several clinical studies have assessed that the use of TPO-RAs increases platelet count, decreases bleeding symptoms and improves health-related quality of life. Moreover, TPO-RAs are well tolerated with minor side effects. Conclusion: Although TPO-RAs long term efficacy and safety still require further investigations, their use is gradually expanding in clinical practice of children with ITP.

Current Approaches to Management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick C. Jarman
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
School Based ◽  
Long Term Prognosis

AbstractThe last five years in Australia have been marked by an explosion in the diagnosis and treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The use of stimulant medication for ADHD has increased exponentially across all states, raising questions about the appropriate role of drug treatment and its relationship to other therapies in these children. Despite widespread consensus that multimodal therapy is the preferred option for intervention, many treatments advocated for ADHD lack scientific evidence to support their use. Because no two children with ADHD or their families are the same, an individualised approach to management is advocated that targets both the primary symptoms of the disorder, its cornorbid pathology, and the secondary problems that have developed. Evidence indicates that stimulant medication used in conjunction with parent training, family support, and school based behaviour modification offers the best prospects for improving the disturbing long-term prognosis in these children.

The Role of Day Centres in Caring for People in the Final Year of Their Lives

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 313-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham N. Farrow
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
The People

ABSTRACTThe information reported here comes from a study of a random sample of adult deaths registered in 1987. Interviews were sought with the person who could tell us most about the last twelve months in the life of the person who died; 639 people took part in the study. Just under one in ten of the people who died had attended a day centre in their final year. Attenders were more likely to be aged 75 or over at death, to be women and to have been living alone. They were also more likely to have suffered from a number of long-term symptoms and restrictions. According to respondents it would have been helpful if a further 11% of those who died had attended a day centre in the last year of their lives. The most often stated reason for this was that it would have given the carer a break from the demands of caring. But the most often given reason why the person who died had not attended a day centre was that they had not wanted to – an indication of some conflict between family and friends providing care and those they cared for

scholarly journals SPIRIT PEACEBUILDING MELALUI KOMUNITAS PEMUDA DI YOGYAKARTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
BJ Sujibto
Keyword(s):  
Youth Violence ◽  
Peace Education ◽  
Peace Movement ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
The People ◽  
Youth Activities ◽  
Youth Community ◽  
Near Future

This research examines the role of youth-based community involved in pence movement on promoting peacebuilding among youths In Yogyakarta and it surrounding. This grassroots Movement as micro-level peacebuilding spectrum ruled by youth faces more challenges in term of students’ brawls and othcr violence in which peer-age youths have taken apart in this cases over last few decades. The escalation -of youth violence represented by students of both from university and senior high school getting involved in bowls has Increased to open the access into public sphere and they have made scared everywhere by pointing ‘hoi zone’ of violence. Peacebuilding process can lake an important role to end youths’ violence by training to attain personal achievement, involving in social activities and addressing a basic peace education so that a “peace” word can be familiar one fid become part of their everyday’s life style with friends in school instead of talking about harm and taking revenge against their enemy from other school. Peacebuilding talkabout reconcilitation how to make peace and live in harmony among the people by understanding indigenous capacities which don’t merely focus on conflct resolution hut it takes time into sustainable peace process. Youth community/ which concerns on peace movement is the answer for eradicating youth’ potential violence in near future. It accomodates widely-opened places, bridging dialog, inviting more and more young generations to meet and talk each other, understanding identities and respecting difference among them. Peace generations represents a community which is active in conflct resolution and peace within youth society. In has involved and initiated many youth activities concerning in peacebuilding process by promoting its core’ values such as youth, participations, pluralism, and active non-violence as the essential basic of its movement. In doing so, youth in the community must be frontrunner for peace to make possibility of achieving a real long-term gain of peace cultures and peace patterns, counting for the peaceful means to practice. Youth initiatives, however, to peacebuilding among their peer are exactly needed in process of sustainable peace by intriguing indigenous capacities as main preference to make patterns of peace culture

scholarly journals ROLE OF RASAYANA IN RELATION TO CORONA VIRUS (COVID – 19) DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
Pooja Pawar ◽  
Sanjay Srivastava ◽  
Rajesh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Management Plan ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The People ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The pandemic outbreak of COVID – 19 came with extensive health related hazards which lead to econom-ical and psychological problems like fear, stress, sadness, anxiety, depression among the people and is a challenge for humanity to face and fight this comorbidity. Various clinical Observations indicate the inter-action of SARS CoV– 2 viruses with the immune system which plays a significant role in determining the outcome of infection and it is responsible for controlling the immunopathogenesis of coronavirus infec-tion. Early control of this contagious disease within the host, limits its spread. Yet no system of medicine has any evidence-based treatment for COVID – 19. All the doctrine of medicine in the world has tried to develop effective strategies to overcome this disorder. Panchakarma and Rasayana therapy are indicated as an effective management plan for Janpdhodhwamsa Vyadhi (epidemic disease). Preventive use of Ra-sayana in Corona virus in the current scenario to build strong immunity in the peoples and to explore how it modifies the immunity along with use of certain recipes for its management

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN HEALTH COMMUNICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Satnam Singh ◽  
Siddharth Singh Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
The People ◽  
Community Monitoring ◽  
Health Related

Health Communication is an emerging field, it involves the examination of various communication models and techniques used by healthcare professionals and policymakers to communicate health and influence the health-related behavior of the public. It is an interdisciplinary niche where social sciences, psychology, life sciences, and communication studies work in close association. It is also important to understand different theories of mass communication while working out a suitable health communication strategy. Various professionals and organizations are involved in the process of communicating health to society, civil society is the prime stakeholder in this process. It is clear from the analysis of historical and contemporary data that civil society has contributed greatly over a period of time in communicating health to the people. Civil society also had contributed in mobilizing, rights advocacy, and community monitoring of health centers and schemes. We studied the content of various civil society organizations having a rural footprint to ascertain their impact on health communication. The healthcare ecosystem in India is rapidly changing, in the view of continuous decrease in state spending over the healthcare role of civil society became increasingly crucial, so it is very important to ensure their greater participation at all levels of policy making and in implementation as well.

scholarly journals Voluntary social performance disclosure and firm profitability of South African listed firms: Examining the complementary role of board independence and managerial ownership

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Sampong ◽  
Na Song ◽  
Gilbert K. Amoako ◽  
Kingsley O. Boahene
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Corporate Social Performance ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Executive Directors ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Firm Profitability ◽  
Corporate Social

Background: There is growing literature promoting corporate governance mechanisms as important elements that could mitigate the inconclusive findings within the corporate social performance and firm profitability research. A key theoretical assumption within the extant literature that provides support for this proposition is that corporate social performance and firm profitability are organisational outcomes in the presence of good corporate governance.Aim: Firstly, the aim is to re-investigate voluntary social performance disclosure (SPD) and long-term profitability association from the perspective of international standards, using the Global Reporting Initiative G3.1 guidelines. Secondly, to examine the joint moderating effect of board independence and managerial ownership (MO) on the voluntary SPD and profitability nexus.Setting: The South Africa institutional setting, where recent corporate governance regimes require firms to voluntarily make corporate governance related disclosures on both shareholder-and stakeholder-related information is used as the study context.Method: Utilising manually extracted data of listed firms, over the period 2010 to 2015, the generalised least square regression and seemingly unrelated regression (with a 1-year lag as the main independent variable) are used to examine the stated hypotheses.Results: We found a positive association between voluntary SPD and long-term profitability. We also found that the presence of non-executive directors positively moderates the association between voluntary SPD and long-term profitability. Thirdly, the proportion of MO significantly positively moderates the association between voluntary SPD and long-term profitability. Lastly, the complementary role of the presence of non-executive directors and the proportion of MO significantly positively moderates the association between voluntary SPD and long-term profitability.Conclusion: This study finds support for scholarly theoretical arguments that organisational outcomes are largely possible in the presence of good corporate governance, which has a long-term implication for firms’ shareholder wealth maximisation. This study contributes to the ongoing research examining the notion of substitutive versus complementary effects of governance mechanisms, and a growing research literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure from the perspective of international standardisation. This study therefore makes far-reaching contributions to the corporate governance and social responsibility literature in an African context.

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