scholarly journals Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of epileptic and hypocalcemic seizures in children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1S) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. Shchederkina ◽  
K. A. Orlova ◽  
I. E. Koltunov ◽  
E. M. Orlova ◽  
D. Yu. Korneev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Electrolyte Disorders ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Convulsive Seizures

Epileptic seizures require differential diagnosis with other paroxysmal conditions, including metabolic seizures. A variety of electrolyte changes can result in central nervous system dysfunction, including that as convulsive seizures. The paper describes electrolyte disorders leading to seizures, as well as their clinical features. It separately presents the  syndromes accompanied by hypocalcemia, in which there may be  convulsive paroxysms. The paper describes three clinical cases of  hypocalcemic seizures. It gives recommendations for the diagnosis and  management of patients with suspected metabolic seizures.

First Presentation of an Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Rachel Gottlieb-Smith ◽  
Amy Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractAcquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) present with acute or subacute monofocal or polyfocal neurologic deficits localizing to the central nervous system. The clinical features of distinct ADS have been carefully characterized including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These disorders may all be monophasic disorders. Alternatively, optic neuritis, partial transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may be first presentations of a relapsing or polyphasic neuroinflammatory disorder, such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica. The clinical features of these disorders and the differential diagnosis are discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic dysimmune polyneuropathies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: pathogenesis, features of the clinical picture, diagnosis and therapy (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
A. E. Khrulev ◽  
N. A. Shiyanova ◽  
S. N. Sorokoumova ◽  
D. S. Kasatkin ◽  
V.  N. Grigoryeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

Dysimmune polyneuropathies are the etiologically heterogeneous group of diseases with autoimmune damage to the peripheral nervous system. The rarity of these diseases doesn’t exclude the possibility of their development or exacerbation in patients infected with SARS‑CoV‑2, which will require timely differential diagnosis and urgent specific therapy. The article summarizes current information on the mechanisms of development, clinical features, diagnosis and management of acute and chronic dysimmune polyneuropathies in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic.

Reconsidering NMIHBA Core Features: Macrocephaly Is Not a So Unusual Sign in PRUNE1-Related Encephalopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Battini ◽  
Enrico Bertini ◽  
Roberta Milone ◽  
Chiara Aiello ◽  
Rosa Pasquariello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Recurrent Mutation ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Alexander Disease ◽  
Brain Anomalies ◽  
Progressive Encephalopathy ◽  
Core Features

Abstract PRUNE1-related disorders manifest as severe neurodevelopmental conditions associated with neurodegeneration, implying a differential diagnosis at birth with static encephalopathies, and later with those manifesting progressive brain damage with the involvement of both the central and the peripheral nervous system.Here we report on another patient with PRUNE1 (p.Asp106Asn) recurrent mutation, whose leukodystrophy, inferior olives hyperintensity, and macrocephaly led to the misleading clinical suspicion of Alexander disease. Clinical features, together with other recent descriptions, suggest avoiding the term “microcephaly” in defining this disorder that could be renamed “neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive encephalopathy, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies” (NPEHBA).

Stroke due to isolated angiitis ot the central nervous system (CNS) – differential diagnosis and therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Springer ◽  
S Bechthold ◽  
A Jansson ◽  
K Kurnik ◽  
T Pfluger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Severe Gastrooesophageal Reflux Disease Associated with Foetal Alcohol Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
N. K. Sujay ◽  
Matthew Jones ◽  
Emma Whittle ◽  
Helen Murphy ◽  
Marcus K. H. Auth
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Foetal Alcohol Syndrome ◽  
Gastrooesophageal Reflux

Prenatal alcohol exposure may have adverse effects on the developing foetus resulting in significant growth restriction, characteristic craniofacial features, and central nervous system dysfunction. The toxic effects of alcohol on the developing brain are well recognised. However, little is known about the effects of alcohol on the developing gastrointestinal tract or their mechanism. There are few case reports showing an association between foetal alcohol syndrome and gastrointestinal neuropathy. We report a rare association between foetal alcohol syndrome and severe gastrooesophageal reflux disease in an infant who ultimately required fundoplication to optimise her growth and nutrition. The child had failed to respond to maximal medical treatment (domperidone and omeprazole), high calorie feeds, PEG feeding, or total parenteral nutrition. The effect of alcohol on the developing foetus is not limited to the central nervous system but also can have varied and devastating effects on the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Primary Intracranial Malignant Melanoma Mimicking Meningioma—Report of Two Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmikant Bhople ◽  
Hrushikesh U. Kharosekar ◽  
Harish Naik ◽  
V. Velho
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Radiological Patterns

AbstractPrimary intracranial melanoma is uncommon and accounts for only approximately 1% of all cases of melanoma. This is interesting to neuro-oncologists and neurosurgeons because the clinical and radiological patterns of these tumors can mimic the presence of meningioma. Primary central nervous system melanomas have rarely been reported with less than 25 cases reported till date. We report two cases of the primary intracranial melanoma that even though very rare should be kept as a differential diagnosis when meningioma is suspected.

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