Stroke due to isolated angiitis ot the central nervous system (CNS) – differential diagnosis and therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Springer ◽  
S Bechthold ◽  
A Jansson ◽  
K Kurnik ◽  
T Pfluger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Demyelinating Disease with Specific Morphological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692199356
Author(s):  
Fleur Cordier ◽  
Lars Velthof ◽  
David Creytens ◽  
Jo Van Dorpe
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.

scholarly journals Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE): Can They Be Used as Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of This Disease?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Manca
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus is a complex immunological disease where both environmental factors and genetic predisposition lead to the dysregulation of important immune mechanisms. Eventually, the combination of these factors leads to the production of self-reactive antibodies that can target any organ or tissue of the human body. Autoantibodies can form immune complexes responsible for both the organ damage and the most severe complications. Involvement of the central nervous system defines a subcategory of the disease, generally known with the denomination of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Neuropsychiatric symptoms can range from relatively mild manifestations, such as headache, to more severe complications, such as psychosis. The evaluation of the presence of the autoantibodies in the serum of these patients is the most helpful diagnostic tool for the assessment of the disease. The scientific progresses achieved in the last decades helped researchers and physicians to discover some of autoepitopes targeted by the autoantibodies, although the majority of them have not been identified yet. Additionally, the central nervous system is full of epitopes that cannot be found elsewhere in the human body, for this reason, autoantibodies that selectively target these epitopes might be used for the differential diagnosis between patients with and without the neuropsychiatric symptoms. In this review, the most relevant data is reported with regard to mechanisms implicated in the production of autoantibodies and the most important autoantibodies found among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without the neuropsychiatric manifestations.

First Presentation of an Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Rachel Gottlieb-Smith ◽  
Amy Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractAcquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) present with acute or subacute monofocal or polyfocal neurologic deficits localizing to the central nervous system. The clinical features of distinct ADS have been carefully characterized including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These disorders may all be monophasic disorders. Alternatively, optic neuritis, partial transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may be first presentations of a relapsing or polyphasic neuroinflammatory disorder, such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica. The clinical features of these disorders and the differential diagnosis are discussed in this article.

scholarly journals An autopsied case of zygomycosis invasing in the central nervous system and vessels, which is difficult in the differential diagnosis from aspergillosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asako Ueno ◽  
Makoto Yoneda ◽  
Yuiti Kimura ◽  
Tadakazu Ookoshi ◽  
Hironobu Naiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Lumbar Spine: The Great Mimicker—Report of the Fifth Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amer Sebaaly ◽  
Lara Raffoul ◽  
Ronald Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Solitary Fibrous Tumor ◽  
Rare Neoplasm ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fibrous Tumor

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare neoplasm occurring in the central nervous system. It rarely occurs in the spine. This paper reports the fifth case of SFT in a 34-year-old female and focusses on differential diagnosis and importance of surgical treatment.

scholarly journals Intrathecal synthesis of complement components C3c and C4 in the central nervous system infections with signs of the acute serous meningitis syndrome

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeljka Tatomirovic ◽  
Radojka Bokun ◽  
Dubravko Bokonjic
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Intrathecal Synthesis ◽  
Complement Proteins ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Comparative Study

Two hundred and ten patients with meningismus and the infections of the central nervous system (CNS) with the clinical symptoms and signs of the acute serous meningitis syndrome, were divided into groups according to etiology (enterovirus meningitis-ENTERO, serous meningitis various etiology-SM and tuberculosis meningitis-TBC). Intrathecal synthesis (ITS) of C3c and C4 complement components and IgG were determined by the method of cerebrospinal indexes (I), to examine their role in differential diagnosis of this syndrome. Correlative study between the CSF/serum ratio (Q) for albumin (Alb) and QC3c and QC4 in patients with no proven ITS of this two complement proteins, and the comparative study of the increased value of C3cI and C4I (and IgGI) between the examined groups of the patients was done. Highly significant correlations were found between QAlb and QC3c (r?=?0.89, p<0.001) and QC4 (r?=?0.85, p<0.001). In 22,4% of the examined patients ITS of C3c and C4 were found. There was no difference in frequency of ITS of the two complement proteins between the examined groups, nor inside any particular group. TBC group had significantly lower (p<0.05) intensity of ITS of C3c and C4 than MNG and ENTERO, and significantly higher intensity of ITS of IgG (p<0.05) than the other tested groups. CSF index was confirmed as a valid method to detect intrathecal C3c and C4 production. Determination of ITS C3c and C4 could not be of great help in differential diagnosis in the acute serous meningitis syndrome. The intensity of ITS of C3c and C4, related to the intensity of ITS of IgG, could be of help in the determination of the duration of the disease.

scholarly journals An uncommon intracranial malign tumour which was misdiagnosed as Glioblastoma multiforme: Hemangiopericytoma

2020 ◽  
pp. 434-436
Author(s):  
Serdar Ercan ◽  
Turan Kandemir ◽  
Zeki Serdasr Ataizi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Preoperative Preparation ◽  
Radiological Images ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Tumours ◽  
Macroscopic Shape

Background. Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) which is mostly located at the lower extremity and visceral organs was found extremely rare in the central nervous system. Radiological images are not enough to differentiate HPC from other CNS tumours.  The case was analyzed to determine presurgical features for diagnosis and the challenges during surgery. Case. A 65-year-old male patient with headache was diagnosed as Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) considering the image findings. However, the intraoperative macroscopic shape and tendency to bleeding were not relevant to the GBM. The mass was reported as Hemangiopericytoma which is a malign tumour, originates from pericapillary bodies of veins, and commonly locates out of the CNS. Conclusion. Even in advanced age and radiologically considered high-grade glial tumours, HPC should be considered in the differential diagnosis for preoperative preparation.

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