scholarly journals Acute and chronic dysimmune polyneuropathies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: pathogenesis, features of the clinical picture, diagnosis and therapy (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
A. E. Khrulev ◽  
N. A. Shiyanova ◽  
S. N. Sorokoumova ◽  
D. S. Kasatkin ◽  
V.  N. Grigoryeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

Dysimmune polyneuropathies are the etiologically heterogeneous group of diseases with autoimmune damage to the peripheral nervous system. The rarity of these diseases doesn’t exclude the possibility of their development or exacerbation in patients infected with SARS‑CoV‑2, which will require timely differential diagnosis and urgent specific therapy. The article summarizes current information on the mechanisms of development, clinical features, diagnosis and management of acute and chronic dysimmune polyneuropathies in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of epileptic and hypocalcemic seizures in children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1S) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. Shchederkina ◽  
K. A. Orlova ◽  
I. E. Koltunov ◽  
E. M. Orlova ◽  
D. Yu. Korneev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Electrolyte Disorders ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Convulsive Seizures

Epileptic seizures require differential diagnosis with other paroxysmal conditions, including metabolic seizures. A variety of electrolyte changes can result in central nervous system dysfunction, including that as convulsive seizures. The paper describes electrolyte disorders leading to seizures, as well as their clinical features. It separately presents the  syndromes accompanied by hypocalcemia, in which there may be  convulsive paroxysms. The paper describes three clinical cases of  hypocalcemic seizures. It gives recommendations for the diagnosis and  management of patients with suspected metabolic seizures.

Reconsidering NMIHBA Core Features: Macrocephaly Is Not a So Unusual Sign in PRUNE1-Related Encephalopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Battini ◽  
Enrico Bertini ◽  
Roberta Milone ◽  
Chiara Aiello ◽  
Rosa Pasquariello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Recurrent Mutation ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Alexander Disease ◽  
Brain Anomalies ◽  
Progressive Encephalopathy ◽  
Core Features

Abstract PRUNE1-related disorders manifest as severe neurodevelopmental conditions associated with neurodegeneration, implying a differential diagnosis at birth with static encephalopathies, and later with those manifesting progressive brain damage with the involvement of both the central and the peripheral nervous system.Here we report on another patient with PRUNE1 (p.Asp106Asn) recurrent mutation, whose leukodystrophy, inferior olives hyperintensity, and macrocephaly led to the misleading clinical suspicion of Alexander disease. Clinical features, together with other recent descriptions, suggest avoiding the term “microcephaly” in defining this disorder that could be renamed “neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive encephalopathy, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies” (NPEHBA).

First Presentation of an Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Rachel Gottlieb-Smith ◽  
Amy Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractAcquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) present with acute or subacute monofocal or polyfocal neurologic deficits localizing to the central nervous system. The clinical features of distinct ADS have been carefully characterized including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These disorders may all be monophasic disorders. Alternatively, optic neuritis, partial transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may be first presentations of a relapsing or polyphasic neuroinflammatory disorder, such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica. The clinical features of these disorders and the differential diagnosis are discussed in this article.

Interrogating autonomic peripheral nervous system neurons with viruses – A literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 108958
Author(s):  
Maohui Feng ◽  
Boqi Xiang ◽  
Li Fan ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Weiguo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System

Guillain-Barré syndrome during childhood

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
R Lieberman ◽  
TW Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Progressive Weakness

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acquired disease of the peripheral nervous system. The etiology appears to be autoimmune in nature. The major clinical features are progressive weakness and loss of reflexes, with respiratory failure being a serious complication. The prognosis for Guillain-Barré syndrome in children is good with proper intensive care and early detection of the disease.

scholarly journals Oncogenic Osteoblastoma: A Rare Clinical Entity in the PNS Arising from Ethmoidal Sinus

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Champion Venkateshalu Srinivas ◽  
Stanley Jhon ◽  
N Kailash ◽  
L Savithri ◽  
Divya Jyothi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Nasal Polyp ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Excessive Bleeding ◽  
Ethmoidal Sinus

ABSTRACT Oncogenic osteoblastoma is a rare clinical entity in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Its presentation is like a nasal polyp. One should keep the diagnosis of oncogenic osteoblastoma in mind as a differential diagnosis for mass in nasal cavity. Excessive bleeding during surgery should arouse the suspicion and the pathologist has to be sounded. A preliminary biopsy of the mass is to be considered. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) should be done, if the suspicion is strong.

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