scholarly journals Performance of Aerobic Granular Sludge in Treating Soy Sauce Wastewater at Different Hydraulic Retention Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Hasnida Harun ◽  
Hazren A. Hamid ◽  
Norshuhaila Mohamed Sunar ◽  
Faridah Hanim Ahmad ◽  
Aznah Nor Anuar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Aerobic granular sludge had shown its capability in treating soy sauce wastewater, but its reactor performance, granules properties and biokinetics in different hydraulic retention times (HRT) is still unknown. To ensure the reactor is performed in optimum condition, a judicially selection of HRT is important. The study was conducted in a high and slender column operated according to a sequential batch reactor (SBR) with a sequence of aerobic and anaerobic/anoxic reaction phases. Three different HRTs (8, 16, 24 h) and different anaerobic and aerobic reaction time were evaluated. In the study demonstrated the increase in HRT could reduce the organic loading rate (OLR) as well as biomass yield (Yobs, Y), endogenous decay rate (kd) and overall specific biomass growth rate (µoverall). It was observed a slight increase in the mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) and the granules mean size as the OLR decreased. Meanwhile, in the lowest HRT reactor, a narrow diameter range of aerobic granule from 3 to 100 µm was observed due to the development of small and dense granules. The HRT of 24h with aerobic and anaerobic/anoxic reaction time of 3.88 and 7.77h respectively is the SBR’s best performances due to the improvement of the aerobic granular physical properties.

scholarly journals Cultivation of aerobic granular sludge for the treatment of food-processing wastewater and the impact on membrane filtration properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Stes ◽  
M. Caluwé ◽  
L. Dockx ◽  
R. Cornelissen ◽  
P. De Langhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A lab-scale sequencing batch reactor was operated for approximately 300 days, divided into four periods based on the feeding strategy, to develop stable aerobic granular sludge (AGS) while treating chocolate processing wastewater. Application of a prolonged mixed anaerobic feeding was not sufficient to develop AGS and reach stable reactor performance. Through the application of a partially non-mixed and a partially mixed feeding strategy, the reactor performance was increased and stable AGS formation was established characterized by low diluted sludge volume index (D)SVI DSVI10,30) values of 78 ± 27 mL·g−1 and 52 ± 17 mL·g−1, respectively, and a capillary suction time/mixed liquor suspended solid value of 0.9 sec·(g·L−1)−1. The membrane bioreactor (MBR) filtration tests showed a reduction of the fouling rate (FR) and an increase of the sustainable flux (SF0.5) for AGS compared to flocs treating the same industrial wastewater. The SF0.5 (FR > 0.5 mbar·min−1) for the flocs was 10 L·(m2·h)−1 while for AGS the SF0.5 is higher than 45 L·(m2·h)−1 because the FR did not exceed 0.1 mbar·min−1. Additionally, the AGS showed reduced irreversible fouling tendencies due to pore blocking. Our results underline the need for an increased substrate gradient during anaerobic feeding for the development and long-term maintenance of AGS under minimum wash-out conditions. The AGS–MBR filtration performance also shows strong advantages compared to a floccular MBR system due to a high increase of the SF0.5 and reduced reversible and irreversible fouling.

THE IMPACT OF REACTOR HEIGHT/DIAMETER (H/D) RATIO ON AEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE (AGS) FORMATION IN SEWAGE

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Azimatolakma Awang ◽  
Md. Ghazaly Shaaban
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Aerobic Granules ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reactor Height

Until now, the development of aerobic granules sludge (AGS) has been extensively reported using sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with reactor height/diameter (H/D) ratio of over 10. This is because the formation process of aerobic granules itself is depending upon the flowing trajectory inside reactor indulge by reactor height and superficial air velocity (SUAV). Thus, this study aims to determine effect of reactor H/D ratio on performance of AGS develop in two SBRS with equal working volume and organic loading rate (OLR). The two SBRs namely as SBR1 and SBR2 had a difference in reactor H/D ratio of 11.3 and 4.4, respectively. At an aeration rate of 4 L/min,  SUAV for SBR1 was two time higher than in SBR2, which were 1.33 cm/s and 0.7 cm/s, respectively. Thus, the SBR2 configuration condition seems unfavorable for development of compact aerobic granules. However, it was found that aerobic granules can be developed in both SBRs at an OLR as low as 0.12 kg CODs/m3 d and up to 0.49 kg CODs/m3 d. Mature aerobic granules were successfully developed after 49 and 89 days of formation, for Batch1 AGS and Batch2 AGS, respectively. At stable conditions, the highest CODs removal and SS effluent for Batch1 AGS and Batch2 AGS were more than 80% and below 26 mg/L, respectively. While effluent performance in both reactors was high, analysis on SVI30 indicated that SBR1 produced more sludge than SBR2. Compare to SBR1, at similar settling time of 15 min, SBR2 provide a short settling distance for biomass which was preferable in case of system breakdown due to shock OLR.

scholarly journals Powdered keramsite as unconventional method of AGS technology support in GSBR reactor with minimum-optimum OLR

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Czarnota ◽  
Adam Masłoń ◽  
Monika Zdeb
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Aerobic Granules ◽  
Technology Support ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS) technology becomes a very competitive method to activated sludge system. Its main advantages include: high energy efficiency and low investment costs. Despite this fact, intensive research on biogranulation optimization are still carried out, both at laboratory and technical scale. In order to intensify the AGS technology, new methods of biogranulation and ways of improving the stability of aerobic granules are sought. So far, several studies have been conducted in this area, with using among others: chemical coagulants, dosage fragments of granules and powdered materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of powdered keramsite on the feasibility of rapid aerobic granulation in a GSBR reactor with a minimum-optimum organic loading rate (OLR). The research presents an effective way of cultivating stable aerobic granules in a Granular Sequencing Batch Reactor (GSBR) under specific technological parameters.

Aerobic granular sludge: a promising technology for decentralised wastewater treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.H. Li ◽  
T. Kuba ◽  
T. Kusuda
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Fast Settling

In order to evaluate the characteristics of aerobic granular sludge, a sequencing batch reactor, feeding with synthetic wastewater at the organic loading rate of 8 kg COD/m3 d, was employed on the laboratory scale. Granules occurred in the reactor within 1 week after the inoculation from conventional flocculent sludge. Aerobic granular sludge was characterised by the outstanding settling properties and considerable contaminates removal efficiencies. The SVI30 values were in the range of 20 to 40 ml g−1. However, the sludge volume index of short settling time (e.g. SVI10 – 10 min) is suggested to describe the fast settling properties of aerobic granular sludge. The potential application in the decentralised system is evaluated from the point view of footprint and high bioactivity. The occurrence of sloughing, resulting from the outgrowth of filamentous organisms, would be responsible for the instability of aerobic granules. The starvation phase should therefore be carefully controlled for the maintenance and stability of aerobic granular sludge system.

Development and Utilization of Aerobic Granules for Soy Sauce Wastewater Treatment: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnida Harun ◽  
Aznah Nor- Anuar
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Circulation Rate ◽  
Treatment Optimization

This study examined some important factors for optimal aerobic granular sludge performance using soy sauce wastewater as a substrate in a lab-scale alternating anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR was equipped with a circulation process to restrict the concentration gradient of granular biomass during the anaerobic phase. The influence of the circulation rate was investigated together with operation time on the SBR performances. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) took 60 days to appear and the average diameter was 2.0 mm (with a maximum value of 2.5 mm). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for experimental design, analysis and optimization. The results showed that the maximum COD removal (90%) and good SVI performance of 55.3 mL/g were obtained at the highest value of the operation time (60 d) and at moderate circulation rate (25.2 L/h). The maximum values of MLVSS/MLSS have been found to be 89% at the highest value of the factors (60 d and 36.0 L/h). At optimum point (33.62 L/h of circulation rate and 60 d of operation time), the amount of COD removed, MLVSS/MLSS and SVI were 86.5%, 88.8% and 58.6 mL/g, respectively.

Optimization of operation conditions for preventing sludge bulking and enhancing the stability of aerobic granular sludge in sequencing batch reactors

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1519-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Hongyu Wang ◽  
Kai Yang ◽  
Fang Ma ◽  
Bin Lv
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Sludge Bulking ◽  
The Stability

Sludge bulking caused by loss of stability is a major problem in aerobic granular sludge systems. This study investigated the feasibility of preventing sludge bulking and enhancing the stability of aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor by optimizing operation conditions. Five operation parameters have been studied with the aim to understand their impact on sludge bulking. Increasing dissolved oxygen (DO) by raising aeration rates contributed to granule stability due to the competition advantage of non-filamentous bacteria and permeation of oxygen at high DO concentration. The ratio of polysaccharides to proteins was observed to increase as the hydraulic shear force increased. When provided with high/low organic loading rate (OLR) alternately, large and fluffy granules disintegrated, while denser round-shape granules formed. An increase of biomass concentration followed a decrease at the beginning, and stability of granules was improved. This indicated that aerobic granular sludge had the resistance of OLR. Synthetic wastewater combined highly and slowly biodegradable substrates, creating a high gradient, which inhibited the growth of filamentous bacteria and prevented granular sludge bulking. A lower chemical oxygen demand/N favored the hydrophobicity of granular sludge, which promoted with granule stability because of the lower diffusion rate of ammonia. The influence of temperature indicated a relatively low temperature was more suitable.

scholarly journals A dynamically controlled anaerobic/aerobic granular sludge reactor efficiently treats brewery/bottling wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flinn De Vleeschauwer ◽  
Michel Caluwé ◽  
Thomas Dobbeleers ◽  
Hannah Stes ◽  
Lennert Dockx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Real Variable ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Static Operation

Abstract This study investigated the application of a dynamic control strategy in an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactor treating real variable brewery/bottling wastewater. For 482 days, the anaerobic and aerobic reaction steps in a lab-scale AGS system were controlled dynamically. A pH-based control was used for the anaerobic step, and an oxygen uptake rate (OUR) based control for the aerobic step. Additionally, the effect of an elongated aerobic step, and the effect of the removal of the suspended solids from the influent, on AGS formation were also investigated. In comparison to a static operation, the dynamic operation resulted in similar reactor performance, related to effluent quality and the anaerobic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) uptake efficiency, while the organic loading rate was significantly higher. The removal of suspended solids from the influent by chemical coagulation with FeCl3 turned hybrid floccular-granular sludge into fully granular sludge. The granulation coincided with a significant increase in the abundance of the glycogen-accumulating Candidatus Competibacter and an increase in the content of gel-forming EPS to respectively around 14 and 30%. In conclusion, this study showed the successful application of a dynamic control strategy based on common and low-cost sensors for AGS treatment of industrial wastewater.

Performance and Microbial Community of Aerobic Granular Sludge Bioreactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 405-410
Author(s):  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Ji Min Shen ◽  
Zhong Lin Chen ◽  
Xiao Chun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Microbial Species

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated from activated-sludge in sequencing batch reactor. The change of physical properties and the effect of treatment of organic substance and microbial community were studied in the process of the different influent organic loading rate. The results showed that the formation process of aerobic granulation was rapid but the granular sludge was not stable and existed a disintegration-reunion dynamic balance system. The value of MLSS descended from 5.12g/L to 1.03g/L. The removal efficiency of NH4+-N decreased to 74.17% and total phosphorous (TP) removal efficiency maintained beyond 90% all the while. The CODCr removal was over 85% which higher than that of after adding in methanol, then reduced but had trend of rise to 31.89% at last. Microbial species in granulation were speculated by detecting polyhydroxyalkan- oates between granular sludge and activated sludge in the reactor. The results showed that microbial species of activated sludge are more diverse.

An Attempt to Develop Aerobic Granular Sludge in Continuous Airlift Reactors

2021 ◽  
Vol 1025 ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syafiq Mohd Shafei ◽  
Zulkifly Jemaat
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Aerobic Granules ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Airlift Reactors

Recent advancement on biological wastewater treatment is via granular sludge technology. It is widely known that, aerobic granular sludge has been developed in a batch operation since its discovery. Yet, most of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is operated in continuous mode. Now, the real challenge is how to adopt the granular technology while maintaining present operation mode of WWTP. Thus, this study attempts to evaluate the feasibility of developing aerobic granular sludge in continuous airlift reactors feed with two different substrates, namely glucose and acetate. Two identical airlift reactors (6 L) were employed and operated at room temperature (30°C). Prior to the substrate feeding, both reactors were inoculated with seed sludge obtained from a palm oil mill anaerobic pond. One of the reactors was fed with 2000 mg COD L-1 of glucose (ALR1) and the other reactor with 2000 mg COD L-1 of acetate (ALR2). The hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) for both reactors were maintained at 4 days and between 0.2 to 0.5 kg m-3day-1 respectively. Dissolved oxygen was maintained between 5.0 and 6.0 mg O2L-1 and supplied by air compressor. The reactor performance was monitored based on COD removal. Aerobic granules developed throughout the study period was evaluated based on granules size and morphology, sludge volumetric index (SVI30) and SVI5/SVI30 ratio analysis. Results showed that ALR1 demonstrated the formation of filamentous-type aerobic granules with most of the SVI30 average at 100 to 190 mL g-1. Ratio SVI5/SVI30 analysis was evaluated at 0.2 and 0.5. The largest granules size obtained during the experiment was about 600 μm on day-136 and average granules size obtained at 200 to 400 μm. ALR1 able to achieve 95% COD removal. For ALR2, round shaped aerobic granules were developed with average SVI30 from 100 to 1000 mLg-1. SVI5/SVI30 analysis indicated an average ratio between 0.7 and 0.9. The average granules size was between 30 to 50 μm and the largest was 78 μm on day-60. 90% of COD removal efficiency was obtained in ALR2. In conclusion, ALR fed with acetate had indicated better aerobic granules characteristics as compared to glucose fed reactor. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that to develop aerobic granules in continuous reactors is feasible.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF AEROBIC GRANULES IN SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR SYSTEM FOR TREATING HIGH TEMPERATURE DOMESTIC WASTEWATER

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hakim Ab Halim ◽  
Aznah Nor Anuar ◽  
Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan ◽  
Norhaliza Abdul Wahab ◽  
Hazlami Fikri Basri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Hot Climate

The application of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in treating real domestic wastewater at high temperature is still lacking. In this study, the microstructure and morphology of the granules, as well as bioreactor performance, were investigated during the treatment of real domestic wastewater at high temperature (50 °C). The experiment was executed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a complete cycle time of 3 hours for the treatment of low-strength domestic wastewater at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.6 kg COD m−3 d−1. Stable mature granules with average diameters between 2.0 and 5.0 mm, and good biomass concentration of 5.8 g L−1 were observed in the bioreactor. AGS achieved promising results in the treatment of domestic wastewater with good removal rates of 84.4 %, 99.6 % and 81.7 % for chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3−N), and total phosphorus (TP), respectively. The study demonstrated the formation capabilities of AGS in a single, high and slender column type-bioreactor at high temperature which is suitable to be applied in hot climate condition areas especially countries with tropical and desert-like climates.

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