Modeling of Social Welfare Functions in J. Rawls’s Theory of Justice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1738
Author(s):  
Aleksandras PATAPAS
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Minorities ◽  
Deductive Power ◽  
Political Decision Making

Public policy is directly related to the formulation of social goals. Social welfare functions can be modeled in two ways: (a) as a derivative of the social status ordering mechanisms applied in public policy; or (b) as norms, which must be further strengthened by solid theoretical foundation. Normative SWF modeling variants, which include Rawls’s theory of justice, are characterized by simplicity and deductive power. This article examines how Rawls’s critique of utilitarianism and intuitionism doctrines allowed changing the axis of political decision-making, reinforcing the priority of the idea of justice. It is also argued that the internal structural logic of this new priority better suits social minorities and that under its banner they are more active and successful in representing their interests in the political arena than the majorities of the same societies.

scholarly journals THE RISE OF THE AMBASSADRESS: ENGLISH AMBASSADORIAL WIVES AND EARLY MODERN DIPLOMATIC CULTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEMMA ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Decision Making ◽  
Scholarly Attention

AbstractThis article reveals how the ambassadress became an important part of early modern diplomatic culture, from the invention of the role in the early sixteenth century. As resident embassies became common across the early modern period, wives increasingly accompanied these diplomatic postings. Such a development has, however, received almost no scholarly attention to date, despite recent intense engagement with the social and cultural dimensions of early modern diplomacy. By considering the activities of English ambassadresses from the 1530s to 1700, accompanying embassies both inside and outside of Europe, it is possible not only to integrate them into narratives of diplomacy, but also to place their activities within broader global and political histories of the period. The presence of the ambassadress changed early modern diplomatic culture, through the creation of gendered diplomatic courtesies, gendered gift-giving practices, and gendered intelligence-gathering networks. Through female sociability networks at their host court, ambassadresses were able to access diplomatic intelligence otherwise restricted from their husbands. This was never more true than for those ambassadresses who held bonds of friendship with politically influential women at their host or home court, allowing them to influence political decision-making central to the success of the diplomatic mission.

scholarly journals Smart City: the arrival of a New Democracy or Digital Totalitarianism?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Sergey Fedorchenko ◽  
E. Karlyavina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Digital Democracy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comprehensive Programs ◽  
New Democracy ◽  
Political Decision Making

The main purpose of the article is to study technologies of a smart city to identify the prospects for digital democracy and risks of digital totalitarianism. The basic methodological optics is the discourse analysis, which involves the identification and comparative analysis of various concepts on the selected issues. The supporting methodology was the Case Study principles and the big data analysis capabilities of the Google Trends platform. The article makes a theoretical contribution to the understanding of the algorithmic nature of modern political power, which is the basis of urban technopolitics, as well as the complex configuration of Policy and Politics. Algorithms, as the fundamental basis of digital applications and smart city technologies, are beginning to permeate the entire life of a citizen, closely intertwining with the mechanisms of digital control, rating, political decision-making, extraction, filtering and sorting of information data. It is particularly emphasized that the traditional social reality is transformed into a sociotechnical reality (the phygital world), in which it is no longer possible to rigidly separate the social from the technical. The conclusions indicate that digital democracy is possible only on the principles of open source, while digital totalitarianism, on the contrary, excludes such a model. Without the inclusion of smart citizens, the process of discussion and political decision-making, digital democracy is simply emasculated into a good, but still narrow service on the part of the authorities. In addition, without comprehensive programs in the field of political education, there will be no digital democracy, no smart citizens, only a smart elite will remain.

scholarly journals SMART CITIES AND TERRITORIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Rendon Acevedo ◽  
William Miranda-Brand
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Technological Perspective

This article looked for key elements on how to implement a smart city or a smart territory from a technological perspective in Colombia. The study found that the achievement of smart territory has two major components. The first is political commitment at the highest level, which serves as the sponsor and facilitator of the process; coupled with the definition of public policy on intelligent territories, in a framework that brings together the Development Plans, creating economic, technological and social welfare synergies. The second is the social, technical and financial component, which consults regional realities to model and execute intelligent territory in a participatory manner.

L'action communautaire: diversité et ambiguïté

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H.J. Groulx
Keyword(s):  
Community Action ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Peripheral Position ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Decision Making ◽  
Rules Of The Game

Community action: diversity and ambiguityThe present article tries to outline the diversity and the internal tensions in community action by examining various forms of community consciousness (revolutionary, radical, defensive, reformist) and various kinds of leadership activity (protest, organizational, pragmatic). The existence of several kinds of leadership combined with multiple possibilities of action produces splintered activity which is reinforced by its dependence in the political arena and by political restraints. Community action in the process of political decision-making has little impact on the determination of the rules of the game, which are controlled by the government, and on the legitimate and public definition of the issues, which are set, in part, by the mass media. Concerted community action is thus held to be a precarious social movement whose particular conditions of origin, situation, and the peripheral position in society of its community agents determine its heterogeneous, critical, and Utopian dimensions.

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