Risk Assessment of Attack in Autonomous Vehicle based on a Decision Tree

Liverpool John Moores University and FRAME recently conducted a research project sponsored by Defra on the status of alternatives to animal testing with regard to the European Union REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) system for safety testing and risk assessment of chemicals. The project covered all the main toxicity endpoints associated with the REACH system. This paper focuses on the prospects for using alternative methods (both in vitro and in silico) for environmental (aquatic) toxicity testing. The manuscript reviews tests based on fish cells and cell lines, fish embryos, lower organisms, and the many expert systems and QSARs for aquatic toxicity testing. Ways in which reduction and refinement measures can be used are also discussed, including the Upper Threshold Concentration — Step Down (UTC) approach, which has recently been retrospectively validated by ECVAM and subsequently endorsed by the ECVAM Scientific Advisory Committee (ESAC). It is hoped that the application of this approach could reduce the number of fish used in acute toxicity studies by around 65–70%. Decision-tree style integrated testing strategies are also proposed for acute aquatic toxicity and chronic toxicity (including bioaccumulation), followed by a number of recommendations for the future facilitation of aquatic toxicity testing with respect to environmental risk assessment.

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Active steering control for autonomous vehicles based on a driver-in-the-loop platform: A case study of collision avoidance

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part I Journal of Systems and Control Engineering ◽

10.1177/0959651819847005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 233 (10) ◽

pp. 1422-1437

Author(s):

Keji Chen ◽

Xiaofei Pei ◽

Daoyuan Sun ◽

Zhenfu Chen ◽

Xuexun Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Model Predictive Control ◽

Collision Avoidance ◽

Predictive Control ◽

Autonomous Vehicle ◽

Steering Control ◽

Safe Driving ◽

Active Steering ◽

Active Steering Control

Leveraging the advancements in sensor and mapping technologies, the collision-free autonomous vehicle becomes possible in the future. In this article, a case study of collision avoidance by active steering control is presented and verified by a driver-in-the-loop platform. The proposed control system integrates a risk assessment algorithm and a hierarchical model predictive control approach to ensure a safe driving. First, a fuzzy logic is used to estimate the potential conflict. Besides, a nonlinear model predictive control is introduced in the upper layer of the model predictive controller to generate a collision-free trajectory. Furthermore, the lower layer determines the optimal steering angle based on the linear time-variant model predictive control to follow the replanning path. The performance of the controller has been evaluated in the real-time driver-in-the-loop test. The results show that the autonomous vehicle is able to avoid the collision with the surrounding vehicle that is operated by a real driver, and the performance of collision avoidance is improved by means of the risk assessment.

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STUDY ON ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF GUANGXI COASTAL ZONE BASED ON 3S TECHNOLOGY

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2469-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol XLII-3 ◽

pp. 2469-2472

Author(s):

Z. Zhong ◽

H. Luo ◽

Z. Y. Ling ◽

Y. Huang ◽

W. Y. Ning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Decision Tree ◽

Coastal Zone ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Ecological Risk Assessment ◽

Evaluation Model ◽

Landscape Index ◽

Related Risk ◽

Disaster Data ◽

Ecological Risk Evaluation

This paper takes Guangxi coastal zone as the study area, following the standards of land use type, divides the coastal zone of ecological landscape into seven kinds of natural wetland landscape types such as woodland, farmland, grassland, water, urban land and wetlands. Using TM data of 2000&ndash;2015 such 15 years, with the CART decision tree algorithm, for analysis the characteristic of types of landscape’s remote sensing image and build decision tree rules of landscape classification to extract information classification. Analyzing of the evolution process of the landscape pattern in Guangxi coastal zone in nearly 15 years, we may understand the distribution characteristics and change rules. Combined with the natural disaster data, we use of landscape index and the related risk interference degree and construct ecological risk evaluation model in Guangxi coastal zone for ecological risk assessment results of Guangxi coastal zone.

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Modeling of Performance And Safety of a Multi-Task Unmanned Autonomous Maritime Vehicle / Modelowanie Ruchu i Bezpieczeństwa Wielozadaniowego Bezzałogowego Autonomicznego Pojazdu Wodnego

Journal of Konbin ◽

10.1515/jok-2015-0008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 101-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mirosław K. Gerigk

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Autonomous Vehicle ◽

Final Part ◽

Vehicle Safety ◽

Stabilization System ◽

Vehicle Performance

Abstract At the beginning of the paper the aim of research is presented. Then the method is introduced. Next, the unmanned autonomous maritime vehicle is briefly described. The following chapter concerns a model of vehicle performance including the ballasting and motion. Some information on an integrated steering, positioning and stabilization system of the vehicle is briefly presented in the paper. Such the system enables to obtain a fully autonomous vehicle. In the final part of the paper some issues connected with the risk assessment and assessment of the vehicle safety are introduced.

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Research on Risk Assessment of Science and Technology Data in Network Finance Based on Portfolio Empowerment

Security and Communication Networks ◽

10.1155/2021/2425383 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Qi Zhao

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Decision Tree ◽

Bayesian Network ◽

Risk Index ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Characteristic Quantity ◽

The Status ◽

Assessment Time ◽

Definition Of

At present, the proposed network finance technology data risk assessment time is too long, leading to low accuracy. In order to solve the above problems, this paper puts forward the research on the risk assessment of network financial S&T data based on portfolio weighting, determines the risk index of network financial S&T data, calculates the weight of risk data in network S&T data, searches the risk data characteristic quantity in networks according to network S&T risk index, and completes the extraction of risk data. According to the risk data characteristics of network finance, a decision tree is constructed, the data entropy involved in the decision tree is calculated, the types of risk data characteristics are induced, the nodes of the decision tree are created, and the status of risk data of network finance is obtained. The state of risk data is brought into the definition of Bayesian network probability, and the risk degree of risk data is analyzed to improve the precision of risk data analysis. The experimental results show that the risk assessment of network financial S&T data based on portfolio weighting can effectively shorten the assessment time and improve the accuracy.

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