scholarly journals Optimization of Lipid Extraction from Municipal Scum Sludge for Biodiesel Production Using Statistical Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Hag Ibrahim ◽  
Emad Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Response Surface Method ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Steepest Ascent ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Surface Method

Design of Experiment (DoE) as a statistical method was applied for optimizing lipid extraction conditions from scum sludge. Four different extraction variables were optimized namely methanol to hexane ratio (%), solvent to sludge ratio (ml/g), temperature (oC), and extraction time (h). Process optimization was conducted through three main steps: 1) 2k factorial screening design; 2) Steepest ascent method; and 3) Box-Behnken design and response surface method. Based on 2k factorial screening design, methanol to hexane ratio, solvent to sludge ratio and temperature were identified as highly significant variables affecting lipid extraction from scum sludge. Based on screening results, the steepest ascent method was used followed by Box-Behnken design and Response Surface Method (RSM) were then applied for optimization. The maximum extracted lipid of 29.4% (wt lipid/wt dry sludge- %) was achieved at 40% methanol to hexane ratio (%), 40 solvent to sludge ratio (ml/g), 90oC and 6 hours extraction time. The results revealed that lipid extraction increases with reducing the methanol to hexane ratio, increasing solvent to sludge ratio and increasing temperature The results demonstrated the potentiality of scum sludge for biodiesel production from scum sludge compared with the amount of lipid extracted from primary and secondary sludge reported by other studies. Keywords: Box-Behnken design, Design of Experiment (DoE), lipid extraction, Scum sludge, response surface method (RSM). Article History: Received Feb 16th 2017; Received in revised form May 5th 2017; Accepted June 4th 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Ibrahim, S.N.H, and Hamza, E.A. (2017). Optimization of Lipid Extraction from Municipal Scum Sludge for Biodiesel Production Using Statistical Approach. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(2), 171-179.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.2.171-179

Prediction Modelling of Surface Roughness for Laser Beam Cutting on Acrylic Sheets

2009 ◽  
Vol 83-86 ◽  
pp. 793-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Noor ◽  
K. Kadirgama ◽  
M.M. Rahman ◽  
N.M. Zuki N.M. ◽  
Mohd Ruzaimi Mat Rejab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Response Surface Method ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Surface Method

This paper develops the predicting model on surface roughness of laser beam cutting (LBC) for acrylic sheets. Box-Behnken design based on Response surface method was used to predict the effect of laser cutting parameters including the power requirement, cutting speed and tip distance on surface roughness during the machining. Response surface method (RSM) was used to minimize the number of experiments. It can be seen that from the experimental results, the effects of the laser cutting parameters with the surface roughness were investigated. It was found that the surface roughness is significantly affected by the tip distance followed by the power requirement and cutting speed. Some defects were found in microstructure such as burning, melting and wavy surface. This simulation gain more understanding of the surface roughness distribution in laser cutting. The developed model is suitable to be used in the range of (power 90 to 95, cutting speed 700 to 1100 and tip distance 3 to 9) to predict surface roughness.

scholarly journals Optimization of Cutting Parameters When Machining of Magnesium AZ31 Using Box Behnken Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
G.A. Ibrahim ◽  
A. Hamni ◽  
W. Nadhira ◽  
Y. Burhanudin
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Response Surface Method ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Rotary Tool ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Magnesium Az31

Magnesium alloy is one type of metals that is currently widely used to replace various components in the biomedical field, but because of its low melting point. special attention is required during the machining process of magnesium alloy. This study aims to optimize machining parameters specifically cutting speed, feed rate and rotary tool speed. Analyze was done by using Response Surface Method of Box Behnken Design. The rotary turning of magnesium AZ31 was done to achieve minimum wear value on the cutting tool. The use of pressurized cold air was also applied to this study to reduce the  temperature between work piece and rotary cutting tool. Based on the analysis using Response Surface Method of Box Behnken Design obtained,  the optimum value for the minimum tool wear in the amount of 0,27728 mm at cutting speed of 80 m/min, feeding speed of 0,1 mm/rev and rotary tool speed of 45,7071 rotation/min. The mathematical modeling obtanied is Vb = 0.3550 + 0.000797 Vc + 0.3950 f - 0.008159 Vt + 0.000090 Vt*Vt.

Research on Optimization of the Process Parameters of Bio-Packaging Materials by Response Surface Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 501 ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
Xian Kui Zeng ◽  
Shuai An ◽  
Chuan Sheng Wang ◽  
Hui Guang Bian
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Response Surface Method ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Extrusion Temperature ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw

Response surface method was used to optimize the process parameters of bio-packaging materials, which is produced by twin-screw extruder, in order to get the best performance, increase production levels. In this article, we use the Design Expert software, Box-Behnken Design module, under the conduction that the mass fraction of starch, plant fiber, polyethylene were respectively 70%,10%,30%, and keep a plasticizer to 5%, We analysis and optimize the screw extrusion temperature, speed and filler content, The results showed that the optimum technology parameters for screw speed 101.81 r•min-1, extrusion temperature 118.24°Cand filler content is 5.0.

scholarly journals Design Optimisation of Muzzle Brake for Sniper Rifle

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-444
Author(s):  
Mohamed Sherif ◽  
Ossama Ramy Abdelsalam ◽  
Mohamed Aboul
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Response Surface Method ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Recoil Force ◽  
Surface Method

Muzzle brakes (MBs) have a great effect on reducing the recoil force of weapons during firing. In this paper, optimum MB efficiency, MB force and recoil force for (12,7 x 99 mm) sniper rifle have been studied. The objective is to obtain the optimum area of side openings, inclination angle and number of chambers for the MB in order to increase the MB efficiency and MB force and thereby to decrease their coil force of the weapon. An analytical model for calculating MB efficiency, MB force and weapon recoil force for MBs of two, three and four chambers has been established. This Model is then utilised in combination with design of experiment (DOE) and Response Surface Method (RSM) statistical techniques to develop a smooth response function which can be efficiently used in optimisation formulation. Finally, multi objectives generic algorithm (MOGA) optimisation method has been employed to find the optimum MB design parameters. The optimisation results show that the three or four chambers MBs have no significant effect on reducing the weapon recoil force compared with the two chamber MB for this sniper rifle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document