scholarly journals An updated data on the bionomics of pomegranate fruit borer, Deudorix epijarbas (Moore, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), infesting pomegranates in Kashmir

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Insha YOUSUF ◽  
Abdul A. BUHROO
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
Sound Management ◽  
Pomegranate Fruit

<p>Pomegranate fruit borer,<em> Deudorix epijarbas</em> (Moore, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is a destructive pest of pomegranate affecting the quality as well as quantity of its fruits. The pest and its other allied species are nuisance to pomegranate cultivation throughout India, particularly in hilly state of Jammu &amp; Kashmir. The aim of present investigation was to study the bionomics of pomegranate fruit borer in laboratory, which included the studies on its morphometry and extent of different developmental stages in the life cycle of pest, for developing a sound management plan against it. The results revealed that the eggs are laid by females singly on fruits, stalks, leaves and flower buds. On hatching, emerging larva bores in to fruits and feed on its pulp thus rendering them unfit for trade. The pest passed through five larval instars of different duration and the total larval period was 32.20 ± 1.87 (SD) days. The larval stage was followed by pupal stage which lasted for 9.50 ± 1.84 (SD) days. Furthermore, the longevity of adult male and female butterflies was recorded as 9.20 ± 1.73 (SD) and 13.20 ± 1.43 (SD) days respectively. The study thus provides information necessary for development and implementation of different control strategies in IPM of pomegranate fruit borer.</p>

scholarly journals The Scent of Ant Brood: Caste Differences in Surface Hydrocarbons of Formica exsecta Pupae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unni Pulliainen ◽  
Nick Bos ◽  
Patrizia d’Ettorre ◽  
Liselotte Sundström
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Social Insects ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chemical Stimuli ◽  
Caste Differences ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractChemical communication is common across all organisms. Insects in particular use predominantly chemical stimuli in assessing their environment and recognizing their social counterparts. One of the chemical stimuli used for recognition in social insects, such as ants, is the suite of long-chain, cuticular hydrocarbons. In addition to providing waterproofing, these surface hydrocarbons serve as a signature mixture, which ants can perceive, and use to distinguish between strangers and colony mates, and to determine caste, sex, and reproductive status of another individual. They can be both environmentally and endogenously acquired. The surface chemistry of adult workers has been studied extensively in ants, yet the pupal stage has rarely been considered. Here we characterized the surface chemistry of pupae of Formica exsecta, and examine differences among sexes, castes (reproductive vs. worker), and types of sample (developing individual vs. cocoon envelope). We found quantitative and qualitative differences among both castes and types of sample, but male and female reproductives did not differ in their surface chemistry. We also found that the pupal surface chemistry was more complex than that of adult workers in this species. These results improve our understanding of the information on which ants base recognition, and highlights the diversity of surface chemistry in social insects across developmental stages.

scholarly journals Study on the biology of groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus Olivier [Coleoptera: Bruchidae] on stored groundnut in Ganye area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
C.S. Oaya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Incubation Stage ◽  
Caryedon Serratus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Life

Abstract. Study on the biology of groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus Olivier was carried out in the Laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Technology, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Adamawa State from June to September, 2015. The sex of the bruchid (male and female) was assigned the sub-treatment while the period of development was the main treatment and was replicated three times. The work considered the pre-oviposition stage, incubation stage, larval stage, pupal stage, adult stage and the total life cycle of the bruchid (male and female). The experiment was carried out under Laboratory conditions at 30-35°C temperature and 70-90% relative humidity. After the experiment was established, weekly counting of the total number of eggs laid was carried out at intervals. The results showed that, the mean developmental stages in both female and male bruchids were: 6.50 and 6.00 days; 17.00 and 18.00 days; 13.50 and 13.50 days; 12.00 and 13.50 days; 48.00 and 50.00 days for incubation stage, larval stage, pupal stage, adult stage and total life cycle of the bruchids, respectively. Moreover, the mean pre-oviposition and oviposition stages in female adult bruchid were 1.50 and 5.50 days, respectively.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Side Effect of Indigenous Beauveria bassiana on Coccinella undecimpunctata and Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Samy Sayed ◽  
Sayed-Ashraf Elarrnaouty ◽  
Saad AlOtaibi ◽  
Mohamed Salah
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Coccinella Undecimpunctata ◽  
Hippodamia Variegata ◽  
Application Methods

This study aimed to estimate the virulence of an indigenous Beauveria bassiana on all developmental stages of two indigenous coccinellids; Coccinella undecimpunctata and Hippodamia variegata through three application methods; direct spray, contact method, and feeding on aphids treated with the fungus (ingestion). Also, indirect effect on all developmental stages resulted from 1st larval instar treated with these application methods. All treatments were done with a concentration of 1 × 105 which was recommended in previous studies for different aphid species with a control of 0.02% Tween 80 (v/v). The mortality of 1st larval instar of both H. variegata and C. undecimpunctata and pupal stage of C. undecimpunctata were significantly increased with spray method only. Also, contact method achieved significantly higher mortality on 1st larval instar of C. undecimpunctata only. Regard to indirect effect, except of mortality of 1st larval instar of both predators and 2nd larval instar of H. variegata, other developmental instars/stages of both predators were not affected by B. bassiana through the three tested application methods in the mortality, duration, survival, cumulative survival male and female longevity, and fecundity. Therefore, both tested predatory coccinellids could be compatible with this indigenous isolate of B. bassiana where, in general, there are no negative effects of the fungus on both predators.

scholarly journals Temporal Dynamics of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma mali’ Load in the Insect Vector Cacopsylla melanoneura

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Valentina Candian ◽  
Monia Monti ◽  
Rosemarie Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Cacopsylla Melanoneura

The transmission of phytoplasmas is the result of an intricate interplay involving pathogens, insect vectors and host plants. Knowledge of the vector’s competence during its lifespan allows us to define more sustainable well-timed control strategies targeted towards the most worrisome life stages. We investigated the temporal dynamics of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ load in Cacopsylla melanoneura in the different developmental stages in Northwest Italy. The phytoplasma load in the vector was evaluated in overwintering adults, nymphs and newly emerged adults after different acquisition access periods. Moreover, we followed the multiplication of the phytoplasma during the aestivation and the overwintering period on conifers. Our results confirmed the ability of remigrants to retain the phytoplasma until the end of winter. We also highlighted the high acquisition efficiency and vector competence, based on phytoplasma load, of nymphs and newly emerged adults. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to the management of overwintered C. melanoneura as soon as they return to the orchards, but also to newly emerged adults, particularly in orchards with a high infection rate and when the migration to conifers is delayed.

scholarly journals An Integrated Coastal Sediment Management Plan: The Example of the Tuscany Region (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Pranzini ◽  
Irene Cinelli ◽  
Luigi E. Cipriani ◽  
Giorgio Anfuso
Keyword(s):  
Stability Index ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Sediment Management ◽  
Coastal Sediment ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Human Effects ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude ◽  
Sound Management

This paper presents the results of a study carried out to support the Region of Tuscany Coastal Sediment Management Plan, with the main aim of establishing the sediment budget considering the time span from 1981–1985 to 2005 for the 56 coastal sectors into which the 215 km-long continental sandy coast of Tuscany (Italy) was divided. The sand stability (according to a stability index) and colour compatibility (according to the CIEL*a*b* colour space with an acceptability range conforming to national guidelines) were determined in order to assess the possibility of using the available sediment in accreting sectors to nourish the beach in eroding areas. Only in two cases—i.e., the updrift of a harbour (at Viareggio) and in a convergence zone (at Marina di Pietrasanta)—are the volumes of sufficient magnitude to support a large nourishment project; however, the mean sand size is too small to guarantee efficient nourishment, even with medium-term stability. In contrast, the colour difference, in most of the cases, was shown to be acceptable. Other small sediment stocks, suitable for colour but not for grain size, can be used for periodic ephemeral nourishment works to support seasonal tourist activities. The limited resources available make it necessary to adopt a plan for their optimal use from a regional perspective. This kind of study is of great interest for the proposal of sound management actions to counteract the increasing erosion processes linked to climate change phenomena and human effects on rivers and coastal systems.

IN VIVO SYNTHESIS AND BREAKDOWN OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID IN TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM DUVAL

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1571-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Chaudhary ◽  
A. Lemonde
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
In Vivo Synthesis

The in vivo synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), as shown by the rate of incorporation of14C-thymidine, has been investigated at different stages in the life cycle of Tribolium confusum. During the larval period, a close similarity is observed between the rate of DNA synthesis and the pattern of growth. The pupal stage, which is a non-growth phase, is characterized by a cessation of DNA synthesis. During the larval growth phase, although the 3-day-old larvae have the lowest and the 13-day-old have the highest rate of DNA synthesis, the rate of DNA degradation in the older larvae is almost twice as great as that of the younger larvae. These findings are consistent with the observed total concentration of DNA of the insect at these stages.

Effects of male and female personality on sexual cannibalism in the Springbok mantis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Pollo ◽  
Nathan W Burke ◽  
Gregory I Holwell
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Sexual Cannibalism ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Behavioural Syndromes ◽  
Male Activity ◽  
Spillover Hypothesis

Behaviours that are consistent across contexts (also known as behavioural syndromes) can have evolutionary implications, but their role in scenarios where the sexes conflict, such as sexual cannibalism, is poorly understood. The aggressive spillover hypothesis proposes that cannibalistic attacks during adulthood may depend on female aggressiveness during earlier developmental stages, but evidence for this hypothesis is scarce. Male activity may also influence sexual cannibalism if males approach females quickly and carelessly, yet this has not been explored. Here we use the Springbok mantis, Miomantis caffra, to explore whether male activity levels and female aggressiveness can explain high rates of sexual cannibalism prior to copulation. We show that male and female personality traits affect male mating decisions, but not sexual cannibalism. Females that were aggressive as juveniles were not more likely to cannibalize males when adult, but these females were approached by males more frequently. More active males were more likely to approach females, but they were neither faster at doing so nor were they more likely to be cannibalized. We also found that size and age influenced mating decisions of both sexes: young females were more like to cannibalize males while young and large males took longer to approach females. Taken together, our results suggest that several traits, including personality, play a role in sexual encounters in M. caffra. Our study further highlights the importance of examining the traits of both sexes when assessing mating dynamics, especially in the context of sexual cannibalism.

The Black Parlatoria Scale, Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas, 1853) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae): a guide to field identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Hanen Jendoubi ◽  
Ferran Garcia-Mari ◽  
Agatino Russo ◽  
Pompeo Suma
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
Correct Species Identification

AbstractPest control is easier and more effective when pests are correctly identified. The Black Parlatoria Scale, Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas, 1853) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) is an important invasive pest in citrus-growing countries. This diaspidid has historically been difficult to control, because its immature stages are difficult to identify due to confusion with similar Parlatoria species. No field descriptions of female or male developmental stages are available for P. ziziphi. We provide the first description of field characteristics of the developmental stages of P. ziziphi. Colonies were reared in the laboratory on sour orange plants and lemon fruits to illustrate the distinctive features of each instar. An illustrated field guide of all life-cycle stages of male and female P. ziziphi is provided for correct species identification and better pest management. This tool is designed to help recognize P. ziziphi in field-scouting programmes or quarantine inspections, without the need for taxonomic expertise in identifying the Parlatoria group.

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