Apelin: A potential novel serum biomarker for early detection of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes

Background/Aims: Adropin is a metabolic hormone secreted by the liver, brain, and many peripheral tissues and is involved in energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Some reports have indicated a significant decrease in serum adropin levels in type 2 diabetic patients. However, the significance of a decline in adropin level in early detection of diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of adropin in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without nephropathy. Methods: A total of 135 unrelated subjects (including 45 diabetic patients with nephropathy, 45 without nephropathy, and 45 healthy controls) were enrolled in this study. Fasting venous blood samples were collected from all patients. Serum adropin levels of all cases were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The correlations of serum adropin levels with anthropometric and biochemistry variables were determined. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association of adropin with odds of nephropathy. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was obtained to explore the optimum serum adropin concentration in distinguishing diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. Results: Diabetic patients with nephropathy showed lower serum adropin levels than those in patients without nephropathy and healthy controls (p < 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that serum adropin was negatively correlated with BMI, FBS, HbA1c, blood urea, creatinine, LDL, and ACR and positively correlated with HDL and albumin. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum adropin was correlated with decreased risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, in ROC analysis, at cutoff value 3.20 (mg/dL) with an AUC = 0.830, adropin had 80% sensitivity and 60% specificity for distinguishing the diabetic nephropathy. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that decreased level of adropin is associated with renal dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serum adropin concentrations may be used as a biomarker for early detection of diabetic nephropathy.

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Serum LncRNA PANDAR may Act as a Novel Serum Biomarker of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Clinical Laboratory ◽

10.7754/clin.lab.2019.191032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (06/2020) ◽

Author(s):

Chun Zhao ◽

Jie Hu ◽

Zun Wang ◽

Zhen-Yu Cao ◽

Lei Wang

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Serum Biomarker

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Study of serum adiponectin levels for early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications on kidney

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20210102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 171

Author(s):

Harish K. V. ◽

Hareesh R. ◽

Akshatha Savith

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Early Detection ◽

Serum Adiponectin ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Newly Diagnosed

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder due to insulin resistance caused by destruction of beta cells of pancreas. Insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients leads to hyperglycemia. Serum adiponectin is a more sensitive and specific biomarker for early detection of diabetic nephropathy than urinary microalbuminuria.Methods: This is a case-control study conducted in Akash Institute of Medical Sciences, A total 180 subjects (120 cases and 60 controls). All the subjects included after informed consent, blood samples and urine samples are collected from the all the subjects. The serum Adiponectin and was estimated by using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and fasting blood sugar (FBS), post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) and renal function test (RFT) was also estimated by laboratory standard methods.Results: This study was evaluated the FBS, PPBS, RFT and serum adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compare them with healthy controls. The serum adiponectin levels more significantly elevated in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compared with the healthy controls. The study also found that significantly elevated levels of FBS, PPBS and RFT in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compared with the healthy controls, The statistically significant levels of serum adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and when compared with the controls (p= 0.0001).Conclusions: The study suggesting that the s estimation of serum adiponectin levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients useful for early detection of diabetic nephropathy. Because elevated levels of serum adiponectin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, this levels are positively correlated with the FBS and PPBS.

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Value of Cystatin C in Early Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Al-Azhar Medical Journal ◽

10.12816/0015737 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 735-747

Author(s):

Haitham A. Azeem ◽

Eglal M. Kenawy ◽

Mohamed T. Al-Sayed

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Early Detection ◽

Cystatin C

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Early detection of diabetic nephropathy based on albumin creatinine ratio (acr) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Medan. Indonesia

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review ◽

10.5114/fmpcr.2021.105903 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 135-138

Author(s):

Rina Amelia ◽

Dina Sari ◽

Riri Muzasti ◽

Isti Fujiati ◽

Hendri Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Early Detection ◽

Creatinine Ratio ◽

Albumin Creatinine Ratio

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Early detection of diabetic nephropathy in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review of the literature

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research ◽

10.1177/14791641211058856 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 147916412110588

Author(s):

Sopida Thipsawat

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Early Detection ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Laboratory Biomarkers ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a pathology of heterogeneous etiology characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from lack of insulin action, insulin secretion, or both, and the population with diabetes mellitus is predicted to be about 439 million worldwide by 2030. Prolong diabetes has been related with microvascular complications especially diabetic nephropathy. DN is the most common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. It is crucial to diagnose patients who are more sensible to develop DN for better control of the process of disease. Several factors and mechanisms contribute to the development and outcome of diabetic nephropathy. Microalbuminuria is an early marker of DN and use it as a routine for screening, but the renal damages may be happening even without microalbuminuria. There are several significant kidney damage and disease biomarkers which helps in early detection of DN. An early biomarker may allow earlier diagnosis, treatment reduces DN prevalence and slows DN progression. Therefore, this review focuses on laboratory biomarkers that are earlier, more validation of an early and specific biomarker could potentially make it possible for early diagnosis, treatment, and retardation of progression of diabetic nephropathy.

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