Micrometeorology of the agricultural terraces and stone walls and impacts on biodiversity in the Mediterranean landscape of Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Chatzipavlis ◽  
Konstantinia Tsagari ◽  
George Karetsos ◽  
Nikolaos Proutsos ◽  
Alexandra Solomou
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Terraces ◽  
Mediterranean Landscape ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Stone Walls ◽  
Of Greece

scholarly journals European Officers and the Mainland Irregular Forces on the Ionian Islands, 1798–1814: A Comparison of Command and Tactics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-142
Author(s):  
Nicholas Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ionian Islands ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Irregular Forces ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Successes And Failures

In the era of the Napoleonic wars, the Ionian Islands off the western coasts of Greece and southern Albania became a base of operations and an area of conflict in the Mediterranean in the years 1797–1814. In that period, Republican French, Russian, Imperial French, and British forces successively occupied these Greek-populated islands, formerly Venetian possessions. Each of these powers attempted to establish a nominally independent "Septinsular Republic" under their protectorate. There were efforts by all of these powers to organize native armed forces, some raised from among refugees from the mainland-bandits (klephtes), former Ottoman irregulars (armatoloi), and clansmen from the autonomous regions of Himara, Souli, and Mani. Although these refugee warriors were skilled in the use of weapons-flintlock firearms, sabres and yataghans-they fought and were organized according to traditions and methods that were different and considered "obsolete" in early nineteenth century Europe. This study will look into the organization, training and command of these troops by Russian, French, and British officers. It will study the successes and failures of these officers in forming these native warriors into regular or semi-regular forces. It will also examine how the attitudes and activities of these officers helped to develop the armed forces of the Greek War of Independence, 1821–1830. Keywords: Napoleonic wars, Ionian Islands, armatoloi and klephtes, military forces

scholarly journals Spear-Fishing and Fish Extermination

Oryx ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
Norman Lewis
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Shallow Coastal Waters

Fish inhabiting shallow coastal waters in all accessible parts of the world are at this moment in the process of being exterminated, through the mass invasion of these waters by spear-fishermen. On the Mediterranean shores of France and Spain, and all round the coastline of Italy the process is almost complete, so far as several species of fish are concerned, and we learn from the magazines of spear-fishing enthusiasts, of new centres of their sport being continually established on the more remote coasts of the Adriatic, of Greece and of North Africa.

The Sacred Grove

1954 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. White
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Common Culture ◽  
Common Fund ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Of Greece

Students of comparative religion have long been familiar with the evidence furnished by ancient Mediterranean myth and ritual pointing to the existence of a common fund of religious experience amongst the early civilizations of the Mediterranean and the Near East. In spite of wide divergences between the views of anthropologists of the extreme diffusionist and anti-diffusionist schools, there has in the last twenty-five years or so been a decided reaction in favour of the historical method in this field of study, and there appears to be general agreement that a common culture-pattern, embodied in a common fund of myth and ritual, existed in Egypt, Babylonia, and Palestine. This hypothesis of a common pattern is supported by an ever-increasing volume of archaeological evidence. Routes of migration of peoples and commercial and other cultural contacts indicate a complex interchange of ideas between the Near East and the Mediterranean region generally. Of cardinal importance for the understanding of these mutual relations in early times are the discoveries in Crete, where evidence of extensive cultural relations with the Orient and Egypt, as well as with the mainland of Greece, has come to light.

scholarly journals First occurrence of the invasive alien species Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Polychaeta: Spionidae) on the coast of Greece (Elefsis Bay; Aegean Sea)

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. SIMBOURA ◽  
K. SIGALA ◽  
E. VOUTSINAS ◽  
E. KALKAN
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Izmir Bay ◽  
First Finding ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Of Greece

The present study reports on the occurrence of two specimens of the alien species Polydora cornutaBosc, 1802, in Elefsis Bay, the Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean). This is the firstrecord of this invasive alien species on the coast of Greece and the second report in the eastern MediterraneanSea after its first finding in Izmir Bay (on the Turkish Aegean coast). This finding enhances its distributionalpattern within the Mediterranean

scholarly journals CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE OLD ALGIERS’S WALL AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ITS CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Saliha DJEDDI ◽  
Baya BENNOUI
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Old City ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Stone Walls ◽  
The City

The old city of Algiers is located in the area of the youngest structure on the African continent consisting of the folding chain of the Tell Atlas. It is arranged in a triangular amphitheater whose base runs along the Mediterranean Sea and the summit reaches the Qasbah, citadel of Algiers; a disposition that shelters it from attacks and external threats for a long time. This defensive position is reinforced by a very deep ditch located on the sides of the triangle and on the side of which stood high and solid stone walls forming the ramparts of the city. The narrations of travelers, historians and soldiers evoke the splendor and resistance of these works and constitute an undeniable source in the recognition of the defensive system of the old city at that time. This said, the discovery of very interesting archaeological traces during the consolidation of part of the walls of the Qasbah “citadel of Algiers” on the side of the battery 4 is an essential element in the commitment to a reflection on the development of the defensive system of Algiers . As well as the different phases of construction of the wall of the city (at least in the eastern part), based on tangible physical evidence.

scholarly journals Ianos - A hurricane in the Mediterranean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Lagouvardos K ◽  
A. Karagiannidis ◽  
S. Dafis ◽  
A. Kalimeris ◽  
V. Kotroni
Keyword(s):  
Ionian Sea ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Wind Gusts ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Global Precipitation Mission ◽  
Global Precipitation ◽  
Of Greece

AbstractDuring 15-21 September 2020, an intense medicane, named Ianos, formed over the warm Mediterranean Sea. Following a path of approximately 1900 km, Medicane Ianos affected Greece resulting in four casualties and devastating damages in the western and central parts of Greece. Persistent gale force 1-minute winds up to 44 ms‒1 and wind gusts up to 54 ms‒1 were recorded in Cephalonia island (Ionian Sea), while record-breaking amounts of accumulated rainfall have been recorded in several Ionian Islands, as well as in parts of Central Greece. Analysis of the available observations showed that Ianos was the most intense medicane ever recorded in the Mediterranean. This paper aims at investigating the genesis and evolution of the medicane, based on in situ observations, satellite measurements and model analyses. Towards that objective, Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) SEVIRI imagery, combined with lightning data permitted to follow the evolution of convective activity during the various phases of Ianos. This investigation is complemented with upper-air model analyses in order to evaluate the synoptic environment within which Ianos has formed and was sustained during 7 days. Finally, the Global Precipitation Mission Core Observatory satellite (GPM-CO) overpasses over Medicane Ianos provided invaluable information about its 3-D structure, especially during its most intense phase.

Lower Ionospheric variations during the intense tectonic activity in the broader area of Greece on October of 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Contadakis ◽  
Demetrios Arabelos ◽  
Christos Pikridas ◽  
Stelios Bitharis ◽  
Emmanuel M. Scordilis
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Ionospheric Turbulence ◽  
Eastern Aegean ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Of Greece

<p>In this paper we investigate the Lower ionospheric variations from TEC observations during the intense seismic activity of October 2020 in the area of Greece (35<sup> o</sup> £ j £ 42<sup>o</sup> N, 19<sup> o</sup> £ l £ 29<sup>o</sup> E).  The Total Electron Content (TEC) data are been provided by the  Hermes GNSS Network managed by GNSS_QC, AUTH Greece, the HxGN/SmartNet-Greece of Metrica S.A, and the EUREF Network. These data were analysed using both, statistical analysis of TEC variations in order to detect uneven gross variations and Discrete Fourier Analysis in order to investigate the TEC turbulence. The results of this investigation indicate that the High- Frequency limit f<sub>o</sub> of the ionospheric turbulence content, increases as aproaching the occurrence time of the earthquake, pointing to the earthquake epicenter, in accordane to our previous investigations (Contadakis et al., 2009; Contadakis et al., 2012; Contadakis et al., 2015; Scordilis et al., 2020). We conclude that the LAIC mechanism through acoustic or gravity waves could explain this phenomenology. Thus, observing the frequency content of the ionospheric turbidity we observe a decrease of the higher limit of the turbitity frequency band, as a result of  the differential  frequency attenuation of the propagating wave. In addition, the statistical analysis shows an excess greater than  3σ from the mean TEC values one and seven days before the earthquake. Since no major disturbance of the geomagnetic field occured during these days, we conclude that we probably observed precursory Ionospheric variations in accordance to analogous findings from the variation of VH/VHF electromagnetic wave propagrations over strong earthquake areas (e.g. Biagi et al. 2019)  </p><p> </p><p>References</p><p> </p><p>Biagi and 11 co authors, The INFREP Network: Present Situation andRecent Results. Open Journal of Earthquake Research, vol.8, p. 101-115, 2019.</p><p>Contadakis, M.E., Arabelos, D.N., Asteriadis, G., Spatalas, S.D., Pikridas, C., TEC variations over the Mediterranean during the seismic activity period of the last quarter of 2005 in the area of Greece, Nat. Hazards and Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 1267-1276, 2008.</p><p>Contadakis, M.E., Arabelos, D.N., Asteriadis, G., Spatalas, S.D., Pikridas, C. TEC variations over Southern Europe before and during the M6.3 Abruzzo earthquake of 6<sup>th</sup> April 2009, Annals of Geophysics, vol. 55, iss. 1, p. 83-93, 2012.</p><p>Contadakis, M. E., Arabelos, D.N., Vergos, G., Spatalas, S. D., Scordilis, E.M., 2015,TEC variations over the Mediterranean before and during the strong earthquake (M = 6.5) of 12th October 2013 in Crete, Greece, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Volume 85, p. 9-16., 2015.</p><p>Scordilis E.M., Contadakis M.E, Vallianatos  F., Spatalas S., Lower Ionospheric turbulence variations during the intense tectonic activity in Eastern Aegean area, Annals of Geophysics, 63, 5, PA544, 2020</p>

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