Examining the link between international business networks and performance in international trade   a research agenda

India is one of the major producers and consumer of cardamom. The export performance of cardamom has witnessed several changes over the past few decades. This paper analyses the trends and performance of cardamom commodity from India. Using secondary data from the Spices Board and the Ministry of Commerce along with international trade data from the United Nations International Trade Statistics Database, the trend in the domestic production and export markets is clearly drawn out. The changes in Revealed Comparative Advantage in cardamom exports over the years is used to study the level and changes in the export competitiveness of the commodity. The study identifies a revival in export competiveness in the recent years along with an increase in the share of global cardamom exports. The highly concentrated production of cardamom, the preference for Indian cardamom in Middle East economies and the revival of export competitiveness can benefit the Indian cardamom producers. The study argues for strengthening research investments in cardamom for sustaining and enhancing the benefits from cardamom exports from the country.

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CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF LEADERSHIP ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

Business And Management Studies An International Journal ◽

10.15295/bmij.v8i1.1336 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1044-1095

Author(s):

Can ERERDİ ◽

Esra ÜNLÜASLAN DURGUN

Keyword(s):

Organizational Performance ◽

Leadership Style ◽

Research Agenda ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Leadership Characteristics ◽

Future Research ◽

Comprehensive Model ◽

Future Research Agenda ◽

Managerial Implications ◽

And Performance

In the last few years, due to the surge in the attention towards leadership and the lack of a review mapping the effects of leadership on organizational performance, we believe its coherent to provide a clear review on leadership and how it affects organizational performance. This paper aims to review empirical studies on leadership and organizational performance with the aim of constructing a comprehensive model to conceptualize existing literature. The authors reviewed main journals with impact factor of over 2 and all Leadership titled SSCI journals. As a result, 687 studies published between 1957 and 2017 were analyzed, out of which 486 met the criteria of being empirical studies on leadership and performance. Out of the 486, 20 articles used Organizational Performance as their dependent variable, thus were included in our model. In doing so, the authors aim to extend the field in three ways: First, based on their review, the authors mapped a comprehensive model of the effects of leadership style and leadership characteristics through moderators and organizational mediators on organizational performance. Second, the authors, through vigorous examination, display and evaluate existing variables and measures on leadership and organizational performance within the literature. Finally, the authors aim to contribute to the field by presenting a detailed future research agenda and practical considerations for managerial implications.

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The Language Features and Translation of Business Contracts

Journal of Economics and Technology Research ◽

10.22158/jetr.v2n2p42 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. p42

Author(s):

Li Chunying

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

International Business ◽

Foreign Relations ◽

High Speed ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Chinese Economy ◽

Business Contract ◽

Reform And Opening Up ◽

Opening Up

Since the reform and opening up policy was adopted, Chinese economy has been keeping on developing with high speed, so as to its international trade. Therefore, English business contracts are widely used in the foreign economic and trade activities. However, we also find that there are still many foreign-related economic disputes which mainly caused by the ambiguity of translation happening in these trades. Due to the unclear rules of the parties’ obligations and rights, the improper translation of the contract, the meaning vague and the loose broad, the parties are tracked in this situation where any part of them could intentionally or unintentionally exploited a contractual loophole to avoid responsibility and obligation, which would lead to a dispute. The distortion of translation can lead to the fuzziness and uncertainty of contract which can be easily exploited by commercial fraud to evade responsibility; this situation is happened in reality and practice which has negative impact on foreign relations and trade. In order to make the business activities carried out more effectively, this article will discuss it mainly from the perspective of lexical characteristics and translation principal of business contract in order to make the translation be more accurate to benefit international business trade.

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