European Commission international data and information exchange systems to assist EU Member States in case of radiological and nuclear emergencies

Water resources are among the most valuable resources of the natural environment. The sustainable and integrated management of these resources is the basis of European water policy. Pursuant to the Water Framework Directive, all waters in the European Union should achieve a state considered at least good by the year 2015. Just how this objective can be met continues to be a topic of discussions in some of the Member States. There exist serious problems and delays in performing and implementing the provisions of the Directive in most EU countries. What is more, the state of the water economy in several countries, including Poland, has been criticized by the European Commission. Many challenges stand before European water policy. They require solutions on a global and local level. This article presents current key problems and planned directions for EU water policy development, subjected to analysis and assessment. Note is taken on the newest initiative of the European Commission in the area of water policy, especially the plan for protecting Europe’s water resources—the Blueprint to Safeguard Europe’s Water Resources

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Country-by-Country Reporting and Other Financial Transparency Measures Affecting the European Union

Combating Fiscal Fraud and Empowering Regulators ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198854722.003.0008 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 132-157

Author(s):

Petr Janský ◽

Andres Knobel ◽

Markus Meinzer ◽

Tereza Palanská ◽

Miroslav Palanský

Keyword(s):

Information Exchange ◽

A Priori ◽

Virgin Islands ◽

Cayman Islands ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Automatic Information ◽

Financial Secrecy ◽

The Eu

The EU faces large amounts of financial secrecy supplied to it by secrecy jurisdictions. In this chapter, we use the Bilateral Financial Secrecy Index to quantify which jurisdictions supply most secrecy to EU Member States. The chapter assesses the progress of two recent EU policy efforts to tackle financial secrecy: automatic exchange of country-by-country reporting (CbCR) data and black and grey list of non-cooperative jurisdictions. It is found that 34 per cent of the financial secrecy faced by the EU is supplied by other Member States, whose a priori exclusion from the blacklisting exercise reveals its fundamental flaw. Further 13 per cent is supplied by the EU’s dependencies, mainly the UK’s Cayman Islands, Bermuda, and Guernsey. The jurisdictions that supply the most secrecy not covered by automatic information exchange of CbCR data are the British Virgin Islands, United States, and Curacao. Finally the chapter discusses policy recommendations that stem from our analysis.

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Consolidation under CCCTB system

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200856060181 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 181-188

Author(s):

Danuše Nerudová

Keyword(s):

European Commission ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Corporate Tax ◽

Tax Base ◽

Member States ◽

Corporate Income Taxation ◽

Eu Member States ◽

State Taxation ◽

Taxation System ◽

The Eu

In 2007, when the pilot project of Home State Taxation System should started, but none of the EU Member States applied for, the European Commission has turned its attention to different project in the area of corporate income taxation. The paper presents the problems of consolidation under the system of Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base, which is at present the aim of the European Commission in the area of corporate tax harmonization. Firstly, the paper presents the results of comparative analysis, which have been done throughout the EU Member States. The research was aimed at the area of group taxation schemes availability. Secondly, the paper presents the draft of CCCTB directive in the field of creation of the group for taxation purposes, the rules for access and exit from the group and the rules for calculation of thresholds for voting rights. The different possibilities of group creation are presented on the schemes. The paper also discuss the rules, suggested by the draft directive, which could create legal uncertainty for the companies and could cause the situation in which the companies would not know whether they can consolidate their accounting results or not, or whether they are the member of the group or not. The paper suggests the possible solutions in that area. At the end, there are also mentioned and discussed the methods, which could be used for consolidation under CCCTB system in the EU.

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Vectors of EU Common Agricultural Policy Reforms for the Period 2021-2027 with in the International Marketing Environment

University Scientific Notes ◽

10.37491/unz.79.17 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 180-187

Author(s):

Nataliia SHYBAIEVA ◽

Tetiana KVIATKO ◽

Otabeg AZIZOV

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

European Commission ◽

Agricultural Policy ◽

Common Agricultural Policy ◽

Market Price ◽

State Regulation ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Eu Member States ◽

The Impact

The article identifies the impact of agricultural policy on the development of state regulation of the economies of European Union member states (EU). The main reason for the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for EU member states has been identified. Some key reforms have been analyzed implemented within the integration association. It was found that the reform of CAP is due to the need to address market price uncertainty, respond to expanding access to the EU market by free trade agreements, use digital technologies to improve the accuracy and efficiency of CAP tools, accelerate their practical application, increase attention to environmental issues, environment, and climate change. The article also presents the main economic and social goals of the CAP, which are included in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. It is established that the institutional component of the CAP reform is reflected in the introduction of proposals into the legislative framework of the CAP for the period 2021-2027. The proposals of the European Commission were formulated in nine key objectives, which are considered in this article. Some tools, requirements for their use, and indicators for measuring progress towards the nine specific objectives of the CAP, which the European Commission has proposed to EU member states to achieve the defined goals are also analyzed. The CAP EU budget for 2014-2020 is considered and compared with the proposed budget for 2021-2027 (in constant 2018 prices).

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Evaluation of Member State Provisions Addressing Land Policy and Restitution by the European Commission

Central European Journal of Comparative Law ◽

10.47078/2021.2.101-125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 101-125

Author(s):

Ágoston Korom

Keyword(s):

Member State ◽

European Commission ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Land Policy ◽

Eu Law ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Direct Discrimination ◽

Quality Of Living

The scope of action of EU Member States’ land policies lies at the intersection of positive and negative integration. Therefore, if a Member State restricts the ownership and use of agricultural land, it implies both the legitimate restriction of fundamental freedoms and that it achieves the targets listed under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on improving the quality of living for farmers in keeping with the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Despite this, it is worrisome that the EU’s control over negative integration does not allow Member States to create sustainable regulations. In contrast, the EU law leaves it entirely to the Member States to introduce restitution measures vis-à-vis the properties that were confiscated before their accession. The EU’s control prohibits direct discrimination against the citizens of other Member States. Under certain circumstances, according to the European Commission, the general principles of EU law and the provisions of the Charter can help individuals enforce restitution provisions. Bearing this in mind, we analysed the practice of the European Commission, its statements, and procedures against Member States, given that these are based on professional and/or political considerations. We examine the practice of the Commission and the CJEU vis-à-vis a Hungarian legislation on the so-called ‘zsebszerződések’. We also propose recommendations.

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The European Union and Public Health Emergencies: Expert Opinions on the Management of the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Suggestions for Future Emergencies

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.698995 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Marie Gontariuk ◽

Thomas Krafft ◽

Cassandra Rehbock ◽

David Townend ◽

Loth Van der Auwermeulen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

European Union ◽

Content Analysis ◽

European Commission ◽

Information Exchange ◽

The Political ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Proper Actions ◽

Public Health Emergencies

Objective: The first wave of the coronavirus SARS-COV-2 pandemic has revealed a fragmented governance within the European Union (EU) to tackle public health emergencies. This qualitative study aims: 1) to understand the current EU position within the field of public health emergencies taking the case of the COVID-19 as an example by comparing and contrasting experiences from EU institutions and experts from various EU Member States at the beginning of the pandemic; and, 2) to identify and to formulate future EU pandemic strategies and actions based on experts' opinions.Methods: Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with public health experts from various European Member States and European Commission officials from May 2020 until August 2020. The transcripts were analyzed by Thematic Content Analysis (TCA), mainly a manifest content analysis.Results: This study demonstrated that the limited EU mandate in health hinders proper actions to prevent and tackle infectious disease outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that this limitation significantly impacted the ECDC, as the Member States' competence did not allow the agency to have more capacity. The European Commission has fulfilled its role of coordinating and supporting the Member States by facilitating networks and information exchange. However, EU intra- and inter-communication need further improvement. Although diverse EU instruments and mechanisms were found valid, their implementation needed to be faster and more efficient. The results pointed out that underlying political challenges in EU decision-making regarding health emergencies hinder the aligned response. It was stated that the Member States were not prepared, and due to the restriction of their mandate, EU institutions could not enforce binding guidelines. Additionally, the study explored future EU pandemic strategies and actions. Both, EU institutions and national experts suggested similar and clear recommendations regarding the ECDC, the investment, and future harmonized preparedness tools.Conclusion: The complex politics of public health at the EU level have led to the fragmentation of its governance for effective pandemic responses. This ongoing pandemic has shed light on the fragility of the political and structural systems in Europe in public health emergencies. Health should be of high importance in the political agenda, and robust health reforms at the local, regional, national, and EU levels are highly recommended.

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Identifying Victims of Human Trafficking at Hotspots by Focusing on People Smuggled to Europe

Social Inclusion ◽

10.17645/si.v5i2.896 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 69-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Matilde Ventrella

Keyword(s):

European Commission ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Refugee Crisis ◽

Eu Law ◽

Member States ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Temporary Protection ◽

Migrant Smuggling ◽

Police Forces

Research has shown that smuggling of migrants is associated with human trafficking. Hence, victims of human trafficking amongst smuggled migrants should be identified by EU Member States at hotspots established by the European Commission, to overcome the migrant and refugee crisis. Identified victims should be given a visa and a programme of protection to escape their traffickers. In order to achieve these objectives, research suggests that EU law on migrant smuggling should be amended and the Temporary Protection Directive should be applied to smuggled persons when there is an indication that they may be victims of human trafficking. This approach should be adopted by the EASO in cooperation with police forces investigating smuggling and trafficking at hotspots.

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