Double Mental Discounting: When a Single Price Promotion Feels Twice as Nice

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andong Cheng ◽  
Cynthia Cryder
Keyword(s):  
Mental Accounting ◽  
Price Promotion ◽  
Price Promotions ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Gift Card ◽  
Perceived Costs

This research finds that when a single gain has strong associations with multiple costs, consumers often mentally deduct that gain from perceived costs multiple times. For example, with some price promotions (e.g., spend $200 now and receive a $50 gift card to spend in the future), consumers mentally deduct the value of the price promotion from the cost of the first purchase when they receive the promotion, as well as from the cost of the second purchase when they use the promotion. Multiple mental deductions based on a single gain result in consumers' perceptions that their costs are lower than they actually are, which can trigger higher expenditures. This mental accounting phenomenon, referred to as “double mental discounting,” is driven by the extent to which gains feel associated, or coupled, with multiple purchases. This article also documents methods to decouple promotional gains from purchases, thus mitigating double mental discounting.

The Mitigation of the French Nuclear Option: New Industrial Realism and Technical Democracy

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Finon
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Public Inquiry ◽  
The Future ◽  
Parliamentary Committee ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Phase Out

Nuclear phase-out policies and the European obligation to liberalise electricity markets could put the French nuclear option dramatically at risk by influencing social preferences or by constraining power producers' investment choices in the future. So far, the particular institutional set-up which has allowed the efficient build-up and operation of several series of standardised reactors preserves the stability of the main elements of the option. However, important adaptations to the evolving industrial and political environment occur and contribute to changing the option. Some institutional changes (such as local public inquiry, creation of a Parliamentary committee, independence of safety authorities) and divergence between industrial interests already allow debates on internal options such as reprocessing, type of waste management deposits, ordering of an advanced PWR. These changes improve the cost transparency, even if internalisation of nuclear externalities (cost of insurance, provisions for waste management) is still incomplete. However, when effective, this internalisation would not affect definitively the competitive position of the nuclear production because of the parallel internalisation of CO2 externalities from fossil fuel power generation in the official rationale. Consequently the real issue for the future of the nuclear option in France remains the preservation of social acceptability in the perception of nuclear risks.

The architecture of digital platforms of the future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Прозоров ◽  
Р. Шнырев ◽  
Д. Волков
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Effective Demand ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cost

Стоимость единицы прибыли неуклонно растет, и для бизнеса пришло время задуматься о цифровых платформах, позволяющих успешно конкурировать в борьбе за платежеспособных клиентов. The cost per unit of profit is steadily increasing, and it is time for businesses to think about digital platforms that allow successfully compete for effective demand by joining the ecosystem, using specialization and theoretically unlimited scaling of business processes. One of the architecture options such a platform that connects the clouds, edge computing and 5G / 6G technologies, — hyperscaler.

scholarly journals Price Promotions and Popular Events

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke I.Y. Keller ◽  
Barbara Deleersnyder ◽  
Karen Gedenk
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Price Promotion ◽  
Price Promotions ◽  
Packaged Goods ◽  
Consumer Packaged Goods ◽  
Timing Decisions ◽  
Sales Response ◽  
Event Times

Managers often use popular events, such as the Olympics, to advertise their brands more heavily. Can manufacturers and retailers capitalize on these events to enhance the response to their price promotions? This study empirically examines whether the sales response to price promotions is stronger or weaker around events than at nonevent times, and what factors drive this relative promotion response. Studying 242 brands from 30 consumer packaged goods categories in the Netherlands over more than four years, the authors find that a price promotion offered around a popular event often generates a stronger sales response than the same promotion at nonevent times, with a price promotion elasticity that is 9.3% larger, on average, during events. Still, the variance in relative promotion response across brands and events is high, and the authors identify several drivers that managers should consider before shifting promotions toward event times. Currently, managers often do not take these drivers into account. This study provides guidelines to improve promotional timing decisions in relation to popular events.

scholarly journals Price-Efficiency Relationship for Photovoltaic Systems on a Global Basis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sait Cengiz ◽  
Mehmet Salih Mamiş
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Technology Lifecycle ◽  
Price Analysis ◽  
The Cost

Solar energy is the most abundant, useful, efficient, and environmentally friendly source of renewable energy. In addition, in recent years, the capacity of photovoltaic electricity generation systems has increased exponentially throughout the world given an increase in the economic viability and reliability of photovoltaic systems. Moreover, many studies state that photovoltaic power systems will play a key role in electricity generation in the future. When first produced, photovoltaic systems had short lifetimes. Currently, through development, the technology lifecycle of photovoltaic systems has increased to 20–25 years. Studies showed that photovoltaic systems would be broadly used in the future, a conclusion reached by considering the rapidly decreasing cost of photovoltaic systems. Because price analysis is very important for energy marketing, in this study, a review of the cost potential factors on photovoltaic panels is realized and the expected cost potential of photovoltaic systems is examined considering numerous studies.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Cost Components in Select Pharmaceutical Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2289-2298
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Manufacturing Costs ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Components

The purpose in this paper is to identify the cost components which are vital in consideration towards manufacturing especially in pharmaceutical companies. The manufacturing costs are significant in total expenses in pharmaceutical industry. In this study, a thorough investigation on the cost components and the trend in expenses and operating profit of pharma companies are studied, giving due regard to cost components to have understanding and to find out how they may differ among various types of pharma companies. The data published in the annual reports from 2009 to 2018 of top five pharmaceutical companies based on their annual revenues has been selected for further diagnosis. The analysis reveals that manufacturing costs are different for all the five companies. The study also reveals that there is a considerable indication that the companies are conscious on the much-needed health benefits to the society in the future at an affordable cost

scholarly journals Understanding how best to engage recreationists in biosecurity to reduce the impacts of tree diseases: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Hall ◽  
Mariella Marzano ◽  
Liz O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Tree Diseases ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Combining Information

Pests and diseases introduced from other countries are known to pose a threat to trees, woods and forests in many locations throughout the world. Once introduced they can be spread inadvertently by countryside visitors hiking, biking or riding along paths and trails through wooded areas. Engaging and communicating with these groups of countryside users to encourage and facilitate positive biosecurity behaviours is crucial for the future resilience of trees, woods and forests. This review draws on literature outlining principles for stakeholder engagement in forestry as well as evaluations of biosecurity campaigns from around the world. Key points are briefly presented for communicators aiming to encourage better biosecurity in the countryside. These include, the need to design campaigns based on the values and motivations of recreationists, using trusted information sources and understanding the importance of combining information with facilities so as to reduce the cost (in terms of effort and inconvenience) to hikers and other countryside users.

Price Promotions in Vertically-Related Market: Instant Discount vs. Gift Card

Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102588
Author(s):  
Pingping Chen ◽  
Huiru Chen ◽  
Ruiqing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Price Promotions ◽  
Gift Card

Public-private partnerships: A profitability analysis of the partnerships in the energy sector in Albania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostandin Nasto ◽  
Junada Sulillari
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

The aim of this study is to realize an analysis of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in Albania. Our focus will mainly be the PPPs in the energy sector. Public-private partnerships contracts have experienced a significant increase in the last decades in Albania. They have had a great impact on public finances of the country, this is why they have often been “attacked” for the negative impact that they might have on the actual and especially the future of the country. We will work to make a comparative analysis of the cost and benefits that Albania has had from signing these contracts. We will also work to analyze the management of these public-private partnerships during the pandemics, which will be helpful to reveal the possible difficulties that the government might have in managing them. Something that has inspired us to make a deeper analysis of them is related to the energy crises that the country has experienced in the last years. We want to “dig” deeper in order to see if these PPPs are really worth it or not. Is it worth or it brings a burden for the actual and future generations of Albania?

Additive Manufacturing on Building Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
A.S. Guimarães ◽  
J.M.P.Q. Delgado ◽  
S.S. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction

The future of construction will be directly connected with additive manufacturing (AM). It is easy to see the lack of consistency between jobs, labour inefficiency, schedule delays, delays on material delivery, exceeding budget projections and high percentage of material waste. Over the years, additive manufacturing has been a constant topic of discussion, in order to understand the limitations, applications and the overall impact on the cost of construction. In this work it is intended to present/discuss opportunities and challenges and the potential of AM to revolutionize the industry.

The beet sugar factory of the future

2021 ◽  
pp. 391-405
Author(s):  
Jan Maarten de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Continuous Process Improvement ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Innovative Process ◽  
Beet Sugar ◽  
The Future ◽  
Sugar Market ◽  
Factory Of The Future ◽  
The Cost

The beet sugar industry is facing several challenges for the future. The climate change is requiring a transition from the traditional fossil fuel to a greenhouse gas neutral energy source. The available possibilities for this purpose will be outlined in this paper. The recent EU sugar market reform has markedly increased the competition between sugar companies and the resulting lower sugar price has a significant impact on the profit margin of sugar production. In order to keep up with these challenges it is key to make an appropriate use of the available opportunities to improve the cost-efficiency of sugar beet processing. The different means to advance the sugar business are better asset utilization, continuous process improvement, introducing innovative process technologies and further developing a sugar factory into a biorefinery with a further valorisation of (co-)products and wherein synergy is obtained between different on-site process operations. Why and how these different available tools can improve the competitiveness of sugar factories will be discussed in detail. A proper combination and choice of the suggested changes and opportunities will enable sugar factories to get prepared for the future.

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