The Effects of Permanent Magnet Segmentations on Electromagnetic Performance in Ironless Brushless DC Motors

This paper investigates the electromagnetic torque by considering back electromagnetic force (back-EMF) trapezoidal degrees of ironless brushless DC (BLDC) motors through the two-dimensional finite element method (2-D FEM). First, the change percentages of the electromagnetic torque with back-EMF trapezoidal degrees, relative to those of PMs without segments, are investigated on the premise of the same back-EMF amplitude. It is found that both PM symmetrically and asymmetrically segmented types influence back-EMF trapezoidal degrees. Second, the corresponding electromagnetic torque, relative to that of PMs without segments, is studied in detail. The results show that the electromagnetic torque can be improved or deteriorated depending on whether the back-EMF trapezoidal degree is lower or higher than that of PMs without segments. Additionally, the electromagnetic torque can easily be improved by increasing the number of PMs’ symmetrical segments. In addition, the electromagnetic torque in PMs with asymmetrical segments is always higher than that of PMs without segments. Finally, two ironless PM BLDC motors with PMs symmetrically segmented into three segments and without segments are manufactured and tested. The experimental results show good agreement with those of the 2-D FEM method. This approach provides significant guidelines to electromagnetic torque improvement without much increase in manufacturing costs and process complexity.

Design and Construction of an ALD Reactor by Growth of Al2O3 Nanostructure Films

Objective: This project focuses on designing, building and commissioning work the atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor for Al2O3 ultrathin film, which it will be contain specific components and a system's own control unit. Methodology: The ALD reactor was designed under a system to minimize components, flow lines and connections; to reduce manufacturing costs, volume of precursors, among others. Currently, ALD reactors are expensive to sell, maintain and replace parts. The design and manufacture of the ALD reactor manufactured at the University of Sonora (UNISON) is based on the state art with sequential binary reactions of the precursors, for the proposal for the manufacture of solar cells. Contribution: It was possible to build and commission the ALD reactor for the deposition of ultra-thin films, with the characteristics of being reproducible and scalable, which makes it attractive for commercialization. The homemade ALD reactor at UNISON is considered a very interesting equipment for the semiconductor research area, since it is possible to combine different types of materials in the form of films such as oxides and nitrides in the order of Angstroms (Ǻ).

Aspects Regarding the Redesign of a Component of the Vertical Lifting Module Used in Sustainable Production Management

To remain competitive on the market with a developed product, it’s very important to analyze the manufacturing costs and times, from the concept stage of the product. Design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) is one of the engineering methods that can be applied to reduce manufacturing costs and times, right from the design stage, without compromising product performance and reliability. The 3D modeling of the tray was made in Solidworks, and for the analysis of it’s manufacture and assembly, the Boothroyd and Dewhurst principle and recommendations from the DFMA software were followed. This paper presents a case study for a subassembly called a tray, used in automatic vertical storage systems. For the redesigned model, substantial improvements were obtained, through cost reductions of 12% and an increase in design efficiency from 4.86 to 12.03. Product analysis using DFMA has proven to be a key point in the development of a product that meets engineers.

Continuous Crystallization Using Ultrasound Assisted Nucleation, Cubic Cooling Profiles and Oscillatory Flow

Continuous tubular crystallizers have the potential to reduce manufacturing costs and increase product quality. However, designing tubular crystallizers is a complex and challenging task as crystallization is a complex, multiphase process with a propensity for fouling and clogging. While several designs have been proposed to overcome these issues, these designs are either unproven or poorly scalable and complex. In this work a continuous crystallizer is designed and evaluated to mitigate these issues. The tubular crystallizer combines a novel method to obtain a cubic cooling profile to control the supersaturation, ultrasound to induce nucleation and oscillatory flow to improve mixing and minimize fouling and sedimentation. The results show that the crystallizer was able to operate for more than 4 h without clogging, with high yields and a narrow particle size distribution. The design proposed here is therefore considered a viable approach for continuous crystallizers.

Atomically Dispersed Transition Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Zinc-Air Batteries: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs) are currently receiving extensive attention because of their extremely high theoretical specific energy density, low manufacturing costs, and environmental friendliness. Exploring bifunctional catalysts with high activity and stability to overcome sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction is critical for the development of rechargeable ZABs. Atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts possessing prominent advantages of high metal atom utilization and electrocatalytic activity are promising candidates to promote oxygen electrocatalysis. In this work, general principles for designing atomically dispersed M-N-C are reviewed. Then, strategies aiming at enhancing the bifunctional catalytic activity and stability are presented. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of M-N-C bifunctional oxygen catalysts for ZABs are outlined. It is expected that this review will provide insights into the targeted optimization of atomically dispersed M-N-C catalysts in rechargeable ZABs.

PENTINGNYA MENGETAHUI PERBEDAAN HARGA POKOK PENJUALAN PERUSAHAAN DAGANG DAN MANUFAKTUR

The problem faced by partners, namely the Dharma Pembangunan Scholarship Institute, is that students do not understand in depth the topics regarding cost of goods sold, but for a company, both a company and a manufacturing company, the cost of goods sold is important. Lecturers of the Faculty of Economics and Tarumanagara University offer solutions by providing training on the cost of goods sold in trading companies, supporting direct material costs, supporting direct labor costs, factory overhead costs (indirect production), total manufacturing costs, cost of goods manufactured, and prices. of sales in a manufacturing company. The target of this training is for the students of the Dharma Pembangunan Scholarship Institute to understand the cost of goods sold in trading and manufacturing companies. First, a survey was conducted and based on the survey, in order to discuss material about partners regarding the cost of goods sold in trading and manufacturing. The topic this time is a continuation of previous community service activities. Students have received different topics from the previous training. Furthermore, the lecturer prepares material in the form of theories and examples of what will be given to students. Training for students of the Dharma Pembangunan Scholarship Institute was carried out online because there were still obstacles to the corona virus pandemic (Covid-19). It is hoped that with this training students can understand how to determine the cost of goods sold in a manufacturing company. The activity ended with making SENAPENMAS articles as mandatory outputs, articles in the PINTAR media as additional outputs, posters, final reports, and financial reports on activities that had been carried out. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mitra yaitu Lembaga Beasiswa Dharma Pembangunan adalah para siswa siswi belum memahami secara mendalam topik mengenai penentuan harga pokok penjualan padahal bagi sebuah perusahaan, baik perusahaan dagang maupun perusahaan manufaktur, penentuan harga pokok penjualan sangatlah penting. Dosen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Tarumanagara menawarkan solusi dengan memberikan pelatihan mengenai penentuan harga pokok penjualan di perusahaan dagang, penentuan biaya bahan baku langsung, penentuan biaya tenaga kerja langsung, penentuan biaya overhead pabrik (biaya produksi tidak langsung), penentuan total biaya manufaktur, penentuan harga pokok produksi, dan penentuan harga pokok penjualan di perusahaan manufaktur. Target pelatihan ini adalah agar siswa siswi Lembaga Beasiswa Dharma Pembangunan dapat memahami penentuan harga pokok penjualan di perusahaan dagang dan manufaktur. Pertama-tama dilakukan survei terlebih dahulu dan berdasarkan survei, mitra meminta agar dapat dibahas materi mengenai penentuan harga pokok penjualan di perusahaan dagang dan manufaktur. Topik kali ini ialah kelanjutan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat sebelumnya. Siswa siswi sudah pernah mendapatkan topik yang berbeda dari pelatihan sebelumnya. Selanjutnya dosen mempersiapkan materi berupa teori maupun contoh soal yang akan diberikan kepada para siswa siswi. Pelatihan ke siswa siswi Lembaga Beasiswa Dharma Pembangunan dilakukan secara online dikarenakan masih ada kendala pandemi virus corona (Covid-19). Diharapkan dengan adanya pelatihan ini siswa siswi dapat memahami bagaimana menentukan harga pokok penjualan di perusahaan manufaktur. Kegiatan diakhiri dengan membuat artikel SENAPENMAS sebagai luaran wajib, artikel di media PINTAR sebagai luaran tambahan, poster, laporan akhir, dan laporan keuangan atas kegiatan yang telah dilakukan.

Ti(C,N) and WC-Based Cermets: A Review of Synthesis, Properties and Applications in Additive Manufacturing

In recent years, the use of cermets has shown significant growth in the industry due to their interesting features that combine properties of metals and ceramics, and there are different possible types of cermets, depending on their composition. This review focuses on cemented tungsten carbides (WC), and tungsten carbonitrides (WCN)), and it is intended to analyze the relationship between chemical composition and processing techniques of these materials, which results in their particular microstructural and mechanical properties. Moreover, the use of cermets as a printing material in additive manufacturing or 3D printing processes has recently emerged as one of the scenarios with the greatest projection, considering that they manufacture parts with greater versatility, lower manufacturing costs, lower raw material expenditure and with advanced designs. Therefore, this review compiled and analyzed scientific papers devoted to the synthesis, properties and uses of cermets of TiC and WC in additive manufacturing processes reported thus far.

Development of Indole Alkaloid-Type Dual Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Against CTLA-4 and PD-L1 Based on Diversity-Enhanced Extracts

Cancer immunotherapy involves the use of the immune system for cancer treatment. Recently, immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies have become integral for the treatment of some cancers. However, small molecules exhibit advantages over monoclonal antibody drugs, such as cell penetration, long half-life, and low manufacturing costs, and the possibility of oral administration. Thus, it is imperative to develop small-molecule immune checkpoint inhibitors. Previously, we have screened a library of synthetic indole-alkaloid-type compounds, which are produced by diversity-enhanced extracts of Japanese cornelian cherry, and reported that an unnatural pentacyclic compound inhibits CTLA-4 gene expression. In this study, immune checkpoint inhibitors with increased potency were developed by introducing substituents and conversion of functional groups based on the unnatural pentacyclic compound. The developed compounds suppressed not only CTLA-4 and PD-L1 gene expression but also protein expression on the cell surface. Their efficacy was not as potent as that of the existing small-molecule immune checkpoint inhibitors, but, to the best of our knowledge, the developed compounds are the first reported dual small-molecule inhibitors of CTLA-4 and PD-L1.

Improved Efficient Projection Density Function Based on Topology Optimization

Topology optimization is a powerful tool having capability of generating new solution to engineering design problems, while these designs enhance manufacturability and reduce manufacturing costs in a computational setting. Mesh-independent convergence and other techniques have been widely used as topology optimization technique, but they produce gray transition regions which is not a favorable condition for any material. In this article, a modified topology optimization formulation using a new function has been proposed. The suggested scheme makes use of the Heaviside Projection Method (HPM) to continuum topology optimization. Such technique is helpful to obtain the minimum length scale influence on void and solid phases. Application of this proposed approach is implemented to obtain the minimum compliance for macrostructures. Numerical remarkable examples illustrate the noteworthy value of the proposed approach.

Proposed Mexico energy reforms would be radical

Significance The aim is to restore the market dominance of the state-owned Federal Electricity Commission (CFE). The move would sideline private players and potentially force the closure of some private generation plants. It would also have serious ramifications for hydrocarbons and mining. Impacts Approval could lead to insufficient electricity supplies, increased manufacturing costs, reduced foreign investment and lower GDP growth. The proposed changes could affect foreign investment in areas beyond the energy sector. Negative consequences for foreign firms in Mexico and for the environment could increase tensions with the United States and the EU.