Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Epoxidized Trimethylolpropane Ester Synthesis from Palm Oil

To improve the oxidative stability of the palm oil-based biolubricant, the fatty acid double bonds in palm oil-based trimethylolpropane ester (TMP ester) was converted into an oxirane ring via an in-situ epoxidation method. The epoxidized TMP ester was produced from a reaction between TMP ester and peracetic acid which was prepared in-situ by reacting glacial acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid. The response surface methodology was applied using a central composite design technique to optimize the conditions of the epoxidation reaction to produce the epoxidized TMP ester. The effects of four independent variables namely concentration of acetic acid (0-2 mol), concentration of hydrogen peroxide (1.5-9.5 mol), temperature of reaction (30-110°C) and reaction time (0.5-26.5 h) on the three dependent variables; percentage of oxirane oxygen, iodine value, and hydroxyl value were studied. A second-order polynomial multiple regression model was employed to predict the three dependent variables under optimum conditions of 0.59 mol of glacial acetic acid, 7.5 mol of hydrogen peroxide concentration, at temperature of 50°C and reaction times of 7 h. The optimum values of percentage of oxirane oxygen, iodine value, and hydroxyl value were 4.01%, 1.94%, and 0.43% respectively. The analysis of variance yielded a high coefficient of determination value of 0.9395-0.9880, hence indicating the fitness of the second-order regression model to the experimental data.

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Synthesis of Bioactive Fluorinated 10H-Phenothiazines and their Sulfone Derivatives

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2008/809419 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (s1) ◽

pp. 1063-1068 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yogesh Dixit ◽

Rahul Dixit ◽

Naveen Gautam ◽

D. C. Gautam

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Spectroscopic Data ◽

Halogen Atom ◽

Glacial Acetic Acid ◽

Present Communication ◽

Smiles Rearrangement ◽

Antimicrobial Studies ◽

Sulfone Derivatives

The present communication deals with the synthesis of a series of fluorinated 10H-phenothiazines. 10H-phenothiazines is prepared by Smiles rearrangement of substituted 2-foramido-2´-nitrodiphenylsulfide. Substituted 2-foramido-2´-nitrodiphenylsulfide were obtained by the reaction of 2-amino-3-fluorobenzenethiol witho-halonitrobenzenes followed by formylation and 1-nitro/1-halo-10H-phenothiazines have been prepared by the reaction of substituted 2-aminobenzenethiols with reactiveo-halonitrobenzene containing a nitro group or halogen atom ato-position to the reactive halogen atom directly yielded 1-nitro/1-halo-10H-phenothiazines in situ. 10H-phenothiazine sulfone derivatives have been synthesized by the oxidation of 10H-phenothiazines by 30% hydrogen peroxide in glacial acetic acid. The structure of the synthesized compounds has been characterized by spectroscopic data and elemental analysis. Antimicrobial studies of the synthesized compounds have also been included.

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Synthesis of acrylated epoxidized biobased resin from groundnut seed oil

Poljoprivredna tehnika ◽

10.5937/poljteh2104049n ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 49-57

Author(s):

Obieogu Nwosu ◽

Felix Aguele ◽

Linus Chiemenem

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Acrylic Acid ◽

Iodine Value ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Ftir Analysis ◽

Peroxyacetic Acid ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Peroxyformic Acid

In this study, groundnut seed oil was epoxidized in situ using hydrogen peroxide (30%) and formic and acetic acid. The reaction conditions were monitored at a temperature of 70oC, stirring speed of 750 rpm and time of 6 hours. After epoxidation, a further modification was done using acrylic acid in the presence of hydroquinone at a temperature of 120oC. Comparatively, peroxyformic acid performed more effectively than the peroxyacetic acid during epoxidation with an iodine value (26.4 gl/100g oil) and oxirane content(3.27%). FTIR analysis of the raw, epoxidized, and acrylated groundnut seed oil indicates that they were suitably functionalized.

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PENGARUH KONSENTRASI KATALIS DAN WAKTU REAKSI PADA PEMBUATAN EPOKSI MINYAK GORENG BEKAS

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v6i3.1586 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 28-33

Author(s):

Yenni Listiana ◽

Hilde Rosa Tampubolon ◽

Mersi Suriani Sinaga

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Glacial Acetic Acid ◽

Catalyst Concentration ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Oxirane Oxygen ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Natural Oil ◽

Oxygen Conversion

Epoxy is produced from an epoxidation of vegetable oil or natural oil with au nsaturated bond. Epoxy can be applied as a stabilizer, plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and can be used as an antioxidant in natural rubber processing, as a surfactant, anti-corrosive additive agent in lubricants and pesticide raw materials. The purpose of this research was to evaluate epoxy production from waste cooking oil. In this research, waste cooking oil was reacted with hexane as solvent, sulfuric acid as catalyst, glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The catalyst concentration was varied from 1.5%, 2.1%, 2.5%, 3.1% and 3.5% and the epoxidation time was varied from 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min. The results showed that highest epoxy yield was achieved at reaction time of 300 min and 1.5% catalyst. At that condition, the iod number was 0,96 g I2/100 g WCO, oxirane oxygen content was 1.872 and oxirane oxygen conversion was 62.259%.

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A new method for the preparation of peroxymonophosphoric acid

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v03-010 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 156-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tian Zhu ◽

Hou-min Chang ◽

John F Kadla

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Glacial Acetic Acid ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

New Method ◽

Phosphorous Pentoxide ◽

Preparation Conditions ◽

Peroxy Acids

A new method for the preparation of peroxymonophosphoric acid (H3PO5) has been developed. It utilizes a biphasic solution to moderate the vigorous reaction between phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). P2O5 is suspended in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and concentrated H2O2 is slowly added while being vigorously stirred at low temperature. Careful control of the reaction temperature through the slow addition of H2O2 is critical. Using typical preparation conditions (P2O5:H2O2 = 0.5:1, H2O2 70 wt %, 2°C, 120180 min), ~70% of the H2O2 is effectively converted to H3PO5. Increasing the concentration of H2O2, as well as the mole ratio of P2O5:H2O2, leads to an even higher % conversion of H2O2 to H3PO5. The addition of glacial acetic acid to the P2O5:H2O2 suspension at the end of the 120180 min reaction (P2O5:H2O2:CH3COOH = 0.5:1:0.3) leads to the formation of peracetic acid in addition to H3PO5, and to an overall increase in the conversion ratio of total peroxy acids based on H2O2 (>95%).Key words: peroxymonophosphoric acid, synthesis, stability, conversion ratio.

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Synergistic Extraction and Characterization of Fulvic Acid by Microwave and Hydrogen Peroxide–Glacial Acetic Acid to Oxidize Low-Rank Lignite

ACS Omega ◽

10.1021/acsomega.9b03796 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 6389-6394

Author(s):

Yingjie Zhang ◽

Guanqun Gong ◽

Honglei Zheng ◽

Xin Yuan ◽

Liangwei Xu

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Fulvic Acid ◽

Glacial Acetic Acid ◽

Synergistic Extraction ◽

Low Rank

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PERACETIC ACID OXIDATION OF HALOGENATED AZOBENZENES

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v59-048 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 366-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Paul E. Gagnon ◽

Brian T. Newbold

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Peracetic Acid ◽

Glacial Acetic Acid ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Azoxy Compounds

A series of dihalogenated and five tetrachloroazobenzenes were oxidized to the corresponding azoxy compounds by means of 30% hydrogen peroxide in glacial acetic acid, the reaction being carried out at about 60–70 °C, for 24 hoursAs expected, the yields, in general, obtained from azobenzenes containing substituents in the 2,2′-positions were lower than those from compounds having substituents in the 3,3′- and 4,4′-positions, which gave very good results.

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Technological Parameters of Epoxidation of Sesame Oil with Performic Acid

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology ◽

10.2478/pjct-2018-0038 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 53-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marlena Musik ◽

Eugeniusz Milchert ◽

Kornelia Malarczyk-Matusiak

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Oxygen Content ◽

Oxirane Oxygen ◽

Sesame Oil ◽

Performic Acid ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Independent Parameters ◽

Relative Conversion

Abstract The course of epoxidation of sesame oil (SO) with performic acid formed „in situ” by the reaction of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide and formic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid(VI) as a catalyst was studied. The most advantageous of the technological independent parameters of epoxidation are as follows: temperature 80°C, H2O2/ C=C 3.5:1, HCOOH/C=C 0.8:1, amount of catalyst as H2SO4/(H2O2+HCOOH) 1 wt%, stirring speed at least 700 rpm, reaction time 6 h. The iodine number (IN), epoxy number (EN), a relative conversion to oxirane (RCO) and oxirane oxygen content (EOe) were determined every hour during the reaction. Under optimal conditions the sesame oil conversion amounted to 90.7%, the selectivity of transformation to epoxidized sesame oil was equal to 93.2%, EN = 0.34 mol/100 g, IN = 0.04 mol/100 g oil (10.2 g/100 g oil), a relative conversion to oxirane RCO = 84.6%, and oxirane oxygen content of EOe = 5.5%.

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