2. LANGUAGE USE AND LANGUAGE POLICY IN TANZANIA: AN OVERVIEW

1976 ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Use

scholarly journals Linguistic identity among new speakers of Basque

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (231) ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Ortega ◽  
Jacqueline Urla ◽  
Estibaliz Amorrortu ◽  
Jone Goirigolzarri ◽  
Belen Uranga
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Speakers ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Family Transmission

Abstract The increase in Basque speakers in the last 30 years has been due in large part to ‘new speakers’ or euskaldunberri, a term that will be used here to refer to those who have learned the language by means other than family transmission. While very significant in numbers, to date this group has not been the object of much study. Little is known about their attitudes and motivations, how they perceive themselves as Basque speakers, or their language use and transmission patterns. Acquiring answers to these questions is of strategic importance for developing an effective evidence-based language policy for the future. This article presents the results of a qualitative study of new speakers. Drawing on data from focus groups and interviews, the central goal of the article is to examine how new speakers of differing profiles perceive and locate themselves with respect to the popularly used labels for “new” and “native” Basque speakers and the ideologies of authenticity and legitimacy that seem to shape these perceptions. The analysis shows that learning the language alone, even to a high degree of competence, does not guarantee a view of themselves as true and genuine speakers of Basque.

scholarly journals Critical Mass and Insecurity in Minority Language Policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-316
Author(s):  
C.F. Huws
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Welsh Language ◽  
Minority Language Policy

This article will discuss the extent to which legislation is effective in terms of changing individual and group behaviours. The specific focus of this article will be to argue that legislation pertaining to the use of the Welsh language in Wales, despite having expanded the domains of language use in an important way, has not shifted the cycle of language non-use that may be identified.

Language Policy and New Media

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife Lenihan
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Participatory Culture ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Policy Theory ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Language Policy Theory

New media and the new communication spaces they bring are often heralded as revolutionary contexts of language use. This chapter aims to look beyond this hype to consider the effects of this recent context of use on existing language policy theory. An initial case study is Facebook and its Translations application, which I examine using virtual ethnographic methods. In this context, the commercial entity Facebook and the individuals of the Irish language Translations application are the primary language policy actors, developing the de facto language policy of this domain and affecting the multilingual World Wide Web. It is concluded that commercial entities, technological developments, and individuals are not merely agents or actors in language policy processes. Instead, the author adopts the concepts of media convergence, participatory culture, and collective intelligence to understand how media producers and consumers act in new and unpredictable ways in language policy processes online.

EMI teacher and student identities and linguistic practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-141
Author(s):  
Joan Catherine Ploettner
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Teacher Development ◽  
Language Use ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Classroom Language ◽  
English Medium Instruction ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Content Specialist ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Although the incorporation of English Medium Instruction (EMI) in multilingual higher education institutions is widely accepted, it may be a source of tension for university professors for whom English is an additional language, particularly when both teacher and students share an L1 other than English. A need exists to examine how linguistic attributes of EMI are interpreted and executed by participants. This study focuses on dialogue between a content specialist and a language specialist during an EMI teacher development partnership at a multilingual Catalan university. Membership Category Analysis (MCA) explores the categories made relevant in interaction, category associated features and responsibilities, and their procedural relevance within the interaction. The article focuses on results relating to the emerging identities of EMI classroom participants and related linguistic attributes. The results shed light on tensions relating to language use in EMI, and may inform EMI teacher development processes and classroom language policy.

The porous borders of language and nation

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren R. Zentz
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Linguistic Ideologies ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Research Interviews

This analysis of language use and legislation in globalization highlights challenges to and crossings of the borders of Indonesian nationalist ideologies and local language ecologies. Through the specific workings of language and languaging in situ, here explored through three brief examples of language use and ideologies in Central Java, I analyze university English majors’ discussions of the local meaningfulness of English. The analysis demonstrates that institutional language policies are simultaneously subverted by and influential in local language hierarchies. The discussions analyzed come from the students’ written Sociolinguistics class assignments while I was their teacher and from research interviews that they participated in with me, both in which I ask participants about the borders of what can be defined as the English language, and the borders of linguistic ideologies and nationalism in contemporary Indonesia. With an intent stemming from the very origins of language policy research to generate ideas for how state apparatuses might better serve their constituents (Fishman, 1974), this information is essential for understanding the limitations and opportunities that states are instrumental in creating among their citizenries.

scholarly journals Immigrant Language Maintenance and Shift in the Gujarati, Dutch and Samoan Communities of Wellington

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mary Lucy Roberts
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immigrant Language

<p>This thesis makes a contribution to the study of language maintenance and shift among New Zealand ethnic minority communities; it explores reasons for different rates of shift and different outcomes in relation to language maintenance in different communities; and the results are related to wide-ranging issues of New Zealand language policy. Research was undertaken in three minority immigrant groups in Wellington. The Gujarati community in Wellington is a major part of the Indian community totalling approximately 6,000 people at the time of the research; the Samoan community consisted of approximately 16,000 people, and the Dutch of 3,000. 141 members of the Gujarati community responded to questionnaires and interviews about themselves and their children, providing information on patterns of reported language proficiency, language use and attitudes to language maintenance from a total of 327 people. 184 Dutch respondents replied to a postal questionnaire about their own and their children's language knowledge, language usage patterns and attitudes to language maintenance, providing data on 412 people. 93 Samoan respondents filled out questionnaires and responded to interviews about themselves and their 133 children. Thus Information on a total of 965 New Zealanders belonging to minority immigrant communities was obtained. The data collected on patterns of language maintenance and shift is examined in the light of a wide range of language policy issues. The history of language and identity politics, minority immigration in New Zealand, and the immigration histories of the three groups are examined in detail, and the history of language and policy formation in New Zealand, is outlined and evaluated. The research focuses on the process of immigrant language maintenance and shift in the family and immediate community, and also investigates the role of language maintenance education in these processes. Information about language use processes in childhood and adulthood is presented. The Graded Intergeneration Disruption Stages scale, proposed by Joshua Fishman is tested against the information gathered on the three communities and found to be a useful heuristic device. The results of the research show that while processes of language maintenance and shift occur in all three communities, these processes take very different forms in each community, move at different speeds and. to date, have had very different outcomes. The reasons for the differences between the communities in these respects are examined in some detail. Finally, on the basis of the evidence provided by the research, language policy proposals are presented supporting the provision of government services in minority immigrant languages and indicating the advantages of state support for language maintenance education.</p>

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