Chapter Seven Rationality – A Human Characteristic

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-184
Keyword(s):  
Human Characteristic

Girth Calculative Rules Research of Female Body Based on 2D Figures

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1777-1780
Author(s):  
Bing Fei Gu ◽  
Hai Yan Kong ◽  
Pin Ying Gu ◽  
Jun Qiang Su ◽  
Guo Lian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Manual Measurement ◽  
Human Characteristic

In this paper, 357 female students in soochow university which are 18 to 26 years old were selected as subjects. Front, back and side photos are taken by using digital camera, and then photo manipulation was done to amplify the contrast between the human body and background. The width and thickness of human characteristic positions were measured by COREDRAW software. Meanwhile, the girth of each position was got by manual measurement, and the width and thickness of human characteristic positions were extracted by MATLAB. Finally the girth, width and thickness were analyzed by SPSS to obtain the girth calculative rules, and the error analysis was done to verify the veracity. The result showed that the regression fitting was feasible and accurate.

Ethical Concerns in Human Enhancement

2015 ◽  
pp. 124-150
Author(s):  
Ben Tran
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Human Characteristic

The purpose of this chapter is on issue of fairness and equity in corporations and organizational settings due to advantages received as a result of human enhancement. In so doing, the purpose of this chapter will also analyze the paradigms of bioethics and (business) ethics and legality will be utilized in analyzing the issue of fairness and equity in corporations and organizational settings due to advantages received as a result of human enhancement. Human enhancement, used in this chapter, includes any activity by which we improve our bodies, minds, or abilities beyond what we regard today as normal. In relations to advantages in corporations and organizational settings, human enhancement, used in this chapter, means ways to make functional changes to human characteristic, also referred to as neuro-cognitive enhancements, beyond what we regard as typical, normal, or statistically normal range of functioning for an individual.

The Origin of Cumulative Culture

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Noël Haidle
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Cumulative Culture ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Human Characteristic

Cumulative culture is widely seen as a uniquely human characteristic involving distinct cognitive and behavioral performances. In searching for its origin, different factors have been suggested as crucial, based on comparative studies, and dates proposed as to when cumulative culture may have emerged in human evolution. This chapter reviews possible factors, suggesting that several are necessary, not only in the social sphere but also in the individual and environmental spheres. These interdependent factors have developed in three developmental dimensions (evolutionary-biological, ontogenetic-individual, and historical-social) in interaction with the specific environment. The interplay of basic factors and developmental dimensions shows a slow and gradual development of cumulative culture from its basis to simple and advanced donated culture. The onset of cumulative culture is concluded not to have been a single-trait event that occurred in a relatively short time but rather, the result of multifactorial and gradual processes that unfolded over millions of years.

Ethical Concerns in Human Enhancement

2016 ◽  
pp. 119-144
Author(s):  
Ben Tran
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Human Characteristic

The purpose of this chapter is on issue of fairness and equity in corporations and organizational settings due to advantages received as a result of human enhancement. In so doing, the purpose of this chapter will also analyze the paradigms of bioethics and (business) ethics and legality will be utilized in analyzing the issue of fairness and equity in corporations and organizational settings due to advantages received as a result of human enhancement. Human enhancement, used in this chapter, includes any activity by which we improve our bodies, minds, or abilities beyond what we regard today as normal. In relations to advantages in corporations and organizational settings, human enhancement, used in this chapter, means ways to make functional changes to human characteristic, also referred to as neuro-cognitive enhancements, beyond what we regard as typical, normal, or statistically normal range of functioning for an individual.

scholarly journals The Vulnerable Subject

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Waiton
Keyword(s):  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Harm Principle ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
Human Characteristic ◽  
The Harm Principle

Academic freedom is formally supported but often challenged, through activities like no-platforming and through a sentiment of sensitivity and an understanding that ideas can be harmful. This development is discussed here as a reflection of the rise of the ‘vulnerable subject.’ This paper demonstrates the growing importance of vulnerability as the central human characteristic in (post) modern times and with reference to law and justice practices explains the ‘collapse of the harm principle.’ Developed through Frank Furedi’s theory of diminished subjectivity we will demonstrate the extent to which the vulnerable subject has been institutionalised and adopted as a new (fragmented) norm. Within the framework of diminished subjectivity, the inner logic of vulnerability has a spiralling dynamic—once adopted as a norm, the vulnerable subject’s answer to the question ‘vulnerable to what?’ constantly expands, drawing in ever more areas of life, behaviour, relationships as well as words and ideas into a regulatory framework. Concerns about overcriminalisation are understood here to be a product of this vulnerable subject, something that cannot be resolved at the level of law but must relate to the wider cultural and political sense of human progress and a defence of the robust liberal subject in society.

scholarly journals Spirituality and Mental Health Care in a Religiously Homogeneous Country: Definitions, Opinions, and Practices Among Polish Mental Health Professionals

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Charzyńska ◽  
Irena Heszen-Celińska
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Spirituality In Therapy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge ◽  
Human Characteristic

Abstract This qualitative study involved a sample of 121 Polish mental health professionals who were interviewed about their definitions of spirituality and their opinions and practices concerning the inclusion of clients’ spirituality in therapy. Using inductive content analysis, we identified seven categories regarding the definitions of spirituality: (1) relationship, (2) transcendence, (3) dimension of functioning, (4) a specific human characteristic, (5) searching for the meaning of life, (6) value-based lifestyle, and (7) elusiveness and indefinability. The majority of respondents claimed to include elements of spirituality in therapy. However, some participants included spirituality only under certain circumstances or conditions, or did not include it at all, citing lack of need, lack of a clear definition of spirituality, their own insufficient knowledge, lack of experience, fear, or concern over ethical inappropriateness. Implicit techniques were primarily used when working on clients’ spirituality. This article deepens the knowledge on including spirituality in mental health care, with special consideration for a specific context of a highly religious and religiously homogenous culture.

scholarly journals Leksykalne wyznaczniki tożsamości małopolskiej

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Wronicz
Keyword(s):  
Human Characteristic

The article presents the dialect vocabulary referring to the human, characteristic of the Lesser Poland dialect.

scholarly journals GREED AS A FACTOR IN THE HISTORICAL PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (18) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
R.L. Livshits ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Motive ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Human Characteristic ◽  
Collectivist Society

Greed is regarded as a human characteristic that occurs naturally in the course of social evolution. Under capitalism, unlimited desire of possession acts as the main motive of economic and any other activity, which leads to a number of objective technical, ecological, social, cultural and moral consequences – both positive and extremely negative. Greed has influenced the development of civilization constructively but it slowing down the social process increasingly in the modern era. Greed should be taken away from the historical stage. Curbing the demon of greed is required not only for the modern world reality, but also for the challenges that are expected by humanity in the future. The experience of the Soviet project implementing, based on an appeal to the over-utilitarian motives of the individual, demonstrates the objective possibility of building a collectivist society in which greed is perceived not as a norm, but as a deviation.

Abstract Labour and Capital

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Kay
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
General Character ◽  
Productive Activity ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Purposive Activity ◽  
Human Characteristic

AbstractAs soon as he had observed labour to be ‘first of all, a process between man and nature', Marx turned to conscious determination. ‘Man not only affects a change of form in the materials of nature, he also realises his own purpose in these materials. And this is a purpose he is conscious of. It is purpose which distinguishes labour from the activities of animals. Marx called the purposive character of labour ‘an exclusively human characteristic’ and the term indicates its fundamental importance in his thought. As it is purposive activity, so labour is ‘a specific productive activity appropriate to its purpose, a productive activity that assimilate[s] particular natural materials to a particular human requirement'.3 Since ends are specific by definition, this has to be the case, and neither absence of skill nor indifference effect the issue one way or the other. Work does not cease to be particular (i) because it demands no special capacities - tightening screws and stacking shelves do not stop being different kinds of activity by virtue of the fact that anyone can perform them; or (ii) because no store its set by its distinctive qualities. In its accounts, capital may treat different kinds of labour uniformly as a cost of production, but this does not alter the fact that the labour it employs comprises different types of labour: ‘the fact that the production of use-values or goods is carried on under the control of a capitalist and on his behalf does not alter the general character of that production'.4 In which case, we ask, what is labour which is not particular? If labour is always and necessarily a specific productive activity, what is abstract labour — ‘homogenous labour’ which, by definition, is not specific?

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