Ethical Concerns in Human Enhancement

2016 ◽  
pp. 119-144
Author(s):  
Ben Tran
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Human Characteristic

The purpose of this chapter is on issue of fairness and equity in corporations and organizational settings due to advantages received as a result of human enhancement. In so doing, the purpose of this chapter will also analyze the paradigms of bioethics and (business) ethics and legality will be utilized in analyzing the issue of fairness and equity in corporations and organizational settings due to advantages received as a result of human enhancement. Human enhancement, used in this chapter, includes any activity by which we improve our bodies, minds, or abilities beyond what we regard today as normal. In relations to advantages in corporations and organizational settings, human enhancement, used in this chapter, means ways to make functional changes to human characteristic, also referred to as neuro-cognitive enhancements, beyond what we regard as typical, normal, or statistically normal range of functioning for an individual.

Ethical Concerns in Human Enhancement

2015 ◽  
pp. 124-150
Author(s):  
Ben Tran
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Human Characteristic

The purpose of this chapter is on issue of fairness and equity in corporations and organizational settings due to advantages received as a result of human enhancement. In so doing, the purpose of this chapter will also analyze the paradigms of bioethics and (business) ethics and legality will be utilized in analyzing the issue of fairness and equity in corporations and organizational settings due to advantages received as a result of human enhancement. Human enhancement, used in this chapter, includes any activity by which we improve our bodies, minds, or abilities beyond what we regard today as normal. In relations to advantages in corporations and organizational settings, human enhancement, used in this chapter, means ways to make functional changes to human characteristic, also referred to as neuro-cognitive enhancements, beyond what we regard as typical, normal, or statistically normal range of functioning for an individual.

A 30-Year Historical Examination of Ethical Concerns Regarding Business Ethics: Who’s Concerned?

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Drover ◽  
Jennifer Franczak ◽  
Richard F. Beltramini
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Historical Examination

Motivating managers to develop their moral curiosity

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie E. Sekerka ◽  
Lindsey N. Godwin ◽  
Richard Charnigo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Safe Spaces

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on an inward drive and commitment toward ethical discovery, which the authors refer to as the competency of moral curiosity. When directed toward moral decision making, the authors believe this ability can help managers effectively respond to their ethical challenges and contribute to an organizational environment that supports ethical performance. Design/methodology/approach – After presenting insights from the literature on curiosity and establishing its relevance, the authors describe a specific experiential learning tool designed to cultivate moral curiosity in organizational settings. The authors conduct a field study using this process to explore how moral curiosity can be strengthened through experiential practice. Findings – Results from the field study suggest that engagement in balanced experiential inquiry, a process that asks managers to reflect on their salient ethical dilemmas and then engage in both individual and collective meaning making, positively influenced participants’ curiosity toward moral decision making. Research limitations/implications – Limitations include challenges inherent to the field-study design, including lack of a control group and limited ability to predict long-term impacts of the intervention. Despite these concerns, the study has useful implications for managerial training and development. In particular, providing safe spaces where managers can discuss their ethical dilemmas is an important element of supporting their development into morally curious leaders who are interested in pursuing business ethics. Practical implications – Findings suggest that providing safe spaces where managers can discuss their ethical dilemmas is an important element of supporting their development into morally curious leaders who are interested in pursuing business ethics. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the research literature on ethics training and education for managers. The authors introduce the construct of moral curiosity as a competency that can be developed through experiential practice in organizational settings.

scholarly journals The Ethics of Employment-at-Will: An Institutional Complementarities Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Vikram R. Bhargava ◽  
Carson Young
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Employment At Will ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
At Will

Employment-at-will (EAW) is the legal presumption that employers and employees may terminate an employment relationship for any or no reason. Defenders of EAW have argued that it promotes autonomy and efficiency. Critics have argued that it allows for the domination, subordination, and arbitrary treatment of employees. We intervene in this debate by arguing that the case for EAW is contextual in a way that existing business ethics scholarship has not considered. In particular, we argue that the justifiability of EAW for a given jurisdiction depends on existing complementarities among the institutions that constitute the jurisdiction’s political economy. Notably, our view takes seriously the ethical concerns EAW critics have raised by showing how these concerns can be mitigated through public policy measures that do not require eliminating EAW.

scholarly journals Human enhancement and functional diversity: Ethical concerns of emerging technologies and transhumanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel-Àngel Serra
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Radical Transformation

The concepts of posthuman, transhuman, transhumanism and human enhancement, and their use of emerging technologies, are described together with their scientific and social implications. Genome editing techniques for enhancement purposes, as well as their scientific, societal, and ethical drawbacks are specifically discussed. In particular, we focus on a perspective of personal and collective responsibility and social inclusion, considering all people, with their functional diversity or different abilities. Pros and cons of proposals for radical transformation as endorsed by transhumanism (genome editing), their impact on future generations and on subjects with functional diversity, and the need of a global ethical frame, are discussed.

The Fourth Wave: The Ethics of Corporate Downsizing

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Orlando
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Corporate Manager ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Corporate Downsizing ◽  
Fourth Wave

Abstract:While the business ethics literature has devoted a tremendous amount of discussion in recent years to the question of whether the corporate manager has obligations to parties other than shareholders, it has failed to apply any of its insights to particular ethical concerns. This leaves the corporate manager with almost no guidance for resolving particular dilemmas he or she encounters. I bridge the gulf between theory and practice by focusing on the issue of corporate downsizing. I argue that corporate downsizing is, in many instances, morally contentious.

scholarly journals Male Central Precocious Puberty: Serum Profile of Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Inhibin B before, during, and after Treatment with GnRH Analogue

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina P. Grinspon ◽  
Luz Andreone ◽  
Patricia Bedecarrás ◽  
María Gabriela Ropelato ◽  
Rodolfo A. Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Central Precocious Puberty ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Treatment Withdrawal ◽  
Gnrh Analogue ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Functional Changes

We aimed to describe the functional changes of Sertoli cells, based on the measurement of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B during treatment with GnRHa and after its withdrawal in boys with central precocious puberty. Six boys aged 0.8 to 5.5 yr were included. AMH was low at diagnosis in patients >1 yr but within the normal range in younger patients. AMH increased to normal prepubertal levels during treatment. After GnRHa withdrawal, AMH declined concomitantly with the rise in serum testosterone. At diagnosis, inhibin B was elevated and decreased throughout therapy, remaining in the upper normal prepubertal range. In patients with testicular volume above 4 mL AMH remained higher in spite of suppressed FSH. After treatment withdrawal, inhibin B rose towards normal pubertal levels. In conclusion, AMH did not decrease in patients <1 yr reflecting the lack of androgen receptor expression in Sertoli cells in early infancy. Serum inhibin B might result from the contribution of two sources: the mass of Sertoli cells and the stimulation exerted by FSH. Sertoli cell markers might provide additional tools for the diagnosis and treatment followup of boys with central precocious puberty.

Giving Voice to Values

2012 ◽  
pp. 160-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Edwards ◽  
David A. Webb ◽  
Stacie Chappell ◽  
Mary C. Gentile
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Multilevel Approach ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Giving Voice To Values

This chapter presents a multilevel approach to the practical expression of core values and ethical commitments in a globalised world. GVV is an innovative approach to business ethics that offers a way of implementing and expressing ethical values at the micro, meso, and macro levels of social interaction. In this chapter we describe the GVV approach and show how it can be applied both theoretically and practically to the task of expressing our shared values from the personal all the way to the global level of ethical concerns.

Business Ethics and Politics in China

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Steidlmeier
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Business Ethics In China ◽  
Ethics And Politics

Abstract:Business ethics in China is highly politicized, both within China as well as on the global scene. Over the past years many issues of business ethics have arisen. It turns out that the Chinese often have a different set of ethical priorities with respect to the economy than do their Western counterparts. China possesses rich and well-developed ethical traditions that provide a meaningful basis for evaluating its own problems. This article reviews China’s ethical heritage and, at the same time, takes note of Western ethical concerns of human rights, property and so forth that have been injected into the debate. The article further reviews the principal issues of ethical analysis and, within the context of China/U. S. inter-relations, suggests ethical paths to pursue on four levels: government to government, multinational corporations, interest groups and international fora, and individual initiatives and commitment.

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

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