scholarly journals Field Trial on Glucose-Induced Insulin Response in High-Yielding Dairy Cows under Different Environmental Temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-382
Author(s):  
Ivan Vujanac ◽  
Radiša Prodanović ◽  
Goran Korićanac ◽  
Jovan Bojkovski ◽  
Predrag Simeunović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Intravenous Glucose

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate glucose-induced insulin response in cows exposed to different temperature-humidity index. Twenty early lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were divided into 2 equal groups based on season, as summer (SU) and spring (SP). SP cows were not exposed to heat stress, while SU cows were exposed to moderate or severe heat stress. Milk production was recorded daily. Starting from day 30 of lactation, intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was carried out three times at 30-day intervals. Blood samples were taken before (basal) and after glucose infusion, and glucose and insulin were measured at each sample point. The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index was calculated. Milk yield from days 30 to 40 and 64 to 90 of lactation were higher in SP cows than in SU cows. Basal glucose did not differ on days 30 and 60 of lactation, while basal insulin and HOMA were lower in SU compared to SP cows. On day 90 of lactation, SU cows had higher basal glucose, whereas basal insulin and HOMA did not differ. IVGTT results revealed that glucose tolerance was affected by heat stress such that SU cows had higher glucose clearance. Insulin responses to IVGTT did not differ on days 30 and 60 of lactation. Heat stress had a marked effect on insulin secretion on day 90 of lactation, illustrated by higher increments, peak concentrations and area under the curve for insulin in SU cows. Overall, season differences in glucose tolerance depend not only on heat stress and milk production but also on the stage of lactation.

Glucose effectiveness is the major determinant of intravenous glucose tolerance in the rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. E739-E746 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dawn McArthur ◽  
Dan You ◽  
Kim Klapstein ◽  
Diane T. Finegood
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance

To determine the importance of insulin for glucose disposal during an intravenous glucose tolerance test in rats, experiments were performed in four cohorts of conscious unrestrained rats fasted overnight. In cohorts 1- 3, a bolus of tracer ([3-3H]glucose, 50 μCi) was given alone, with glucose (0.3 g/kg) to induce an endogenous insulin response (∼1,100 pmol/l), or with exogenous insulin to give physiological (1,700 pmol/l) or supraphysiological (12,000 pmol/l) plasma levels. Raising plasma insulin within the physiological range had no effect ( P > 0.05), but supraphysiological levels induced hypoglycemia (7.3 ± 0.2 to 3.6 ± 0.2 mmol/l) and increased [3H]glucose disappearance rate ( P < 0.001). In cohort 4, a primed, continuous tracer infusion was started 120 min before saline or glucose bolus injection. [3H]glucose levels fell 15–20%, and the disappearance rate rose 36% ( P < 0.05) after glucose injection. These results indicate that in fasted rats a tracer bolus injection protocol is not sufficiently sensitive to measure the physiological effect of insulin released in response to a bolus of glucose because this effect of insulin is small. Glucose itself is the predominant mediator of glucose disposal after a bolus of glucose in the fasted rat.

scholarly journals Ablation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves affects insulin response during an intravenous glucose tolerance test

Life Sciences ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1283-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther H.E.M. van de Wall ◽  
Dorte X. Gram ◽  
Jan H. Strubbe ◽  
Anton J.W. Scheurink ◽  
Jaap M. Koolhaas
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance

Muscarinic stimulation maintains in vivo insulin secretion in response to glucose after prolonged hyperglycemia

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (2) ◽  
pp. R475-R479 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Balkan ◽  
B. E. Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance

Prolonged hyperglycemia impairs the in vitro insulin release by islets of Langerhans in response to glucose but exaggerates the in vivo insulin response. We hypothesized that this discrepancy results from increased vagal stimulation of the islets. Conscious chronically cannulated rats were infused with glucose (15 mg/min) or saline for 48 h. Three hours thereafter, an intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed with or without prior injection of atropine (0.2 mg). Atropine markedly (> 70%) reduced the insulin response in glucose-infused, but not in saline-infused, rats. Glucose-infused rats displayed basal hypoglycemia but normal glucose excursions during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. It is concluded that prolonged hyperglycemia produces exaggerated muscarinic activation of the beta-cells that will persist > or = 3 h after the termination of the glucose infusion and normalizes in vivo insulin secretion. It is possible that increased parasympathetic activation of the pancreas might constitute a general mechanism to maintain insulin output when the demand for insulin exceeds the inherent beta-cell responsiveness.

scholarly journals Comparison of insulin sensitivity between healthy neonatal foals and horses using minimal model analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262584
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Kinsella ◽  
Laura D. Hostnik ◽  
Hailey A. Snyder ◽  
Sarah E. Mazur ◽  
Ahmed M. Kamr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Minimal Model ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Ratio

The equine neonate is considered to have impaired glucose tolerance due to delayed maturation of the pancreatic endocrine system. Few studies have investigated insulin sensitivity in newborn foals using dynamic testing methods. The objective of this study was to assess insulin sensitivity by comparing the insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (I-FSIGTT) between neonatal foals and adult horses. This study was performed on healthy neonatal foals (n = 12), 24 to 60 hours of age, and horses (n = 8), 3 to 14 years of age using dextrose (300 mg/kg IV) and insulin (0.02 IU/kg IV). Insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), glucose effectiveness (Sg), and disposition index (DI) were calculated using minimal model analysis. Proxy measurements were calculated using fasting insulin and glucose concentrations. Nonparametric statistical methods were used for analysis and reported as median and interquartile range (IQR). SI was significantly higher in foals (18.3 L·min-1· μIU-1 [13.4–28.4]) compared to horses (0.9 L·min-1· μIU-1 [0.5–1.1]); (p < 0.0001). DI was higher in foals (12 × 103 [8 × 103−14 × 103]) compared to horses (4 × 102 [2 × 102−7 × 102]); (p < 0.0001). AIRg and Sg were not different between foals and horses. The modified insulin to glucose ratio (MIRG) was lower in foals (1.72 μIUinsulin2/10·L·mgglucose [1.43–2.68]) compared to horses (3.91 μIU insulin2/10·L·mgglucose [2.57–7.89]); (p = 0.009). The homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function (HOMA-BC%) was higher in horses (78.4% [43–116]) compared to foals (23.2% [17.8–42.2]); (p = 0.0096). Our results suggest that healthy neonatal foals are insulin sensitive in the first days of life, which contradicts current literature regarding the equine neonate. Newborn foals may be more insulin sensitive immediately after birth as an evolutionary adaptation to conserve energy during the transition to extrauterine life.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Endocrine Metabolism in AL Amyloidosis Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changchun Cao ◽  
Binbin Pan ◽  
Feifei Cao ◽  
Xin Wan
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Al Amyloidosis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Euthyroid Sick Syndrome ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance

Abstract Background To explore characteristics of thyroid gland and glucose metabolism in light chain (AL) amyloidosis patients.Methods A total of 20 amyloidosis patients were recruited. Thyroid function and biochemical indices were tested. Intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed in all patients. Thyroid ultrasound was also determined.Results 1.There was 7 patients with hypothyroidism (35%) and 4 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (20%). Additionally, a total of 6 patients manifested as euthyroid sick syndrome (30%); 2. A number of 15 patients showed thyroid nodule (75%); 3. The fast blood glucose was 4.85±0.8 mmol/l. The level of blood glucose after intravenous glucose tolerance test showed 8.03±1.88 mmol/l at 30 minutes and 7.1±3.22 mmol/l at 120 minutes. 4. The blood insulin levels in fasting, 30 minutes and 120 minutes were 5.2±2.59 mIU/L, 308.3±199.4 mIU/Land 245.66±176.44 mIU/L. Further, the values of C-peptide showed 2.47±1.43 ng/ml, 6.74±3.16 ng/ml and 8.98±4.83 ng/ml. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and Homeostasis model assessment of β cells of the patients were 1.2±0.62 and 88.45±46.17, respectively. There were 2 patients diagnosed with diabetes and 1 patient with impaired glucose tolerance.Conclusions AL amyloidosis patients revealed high prevalence of hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroid sick syndrome. However, glucose metabolism showed no influence in amyloidosis patients.

PSII-19 The Effects of Maternal Programming on Dairy Bull Calf Response to an Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 311-312
Author(s):  
Lindsey Eaton ◽  
Amanda Barney ◽  
Jordan Lally ◽  
Rachael Gately ◽  
Maria L Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Insulin Production ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dairy Bull

Abstract Calves are prone to health issues with high mortality observed during the first 3 weeks of life. We hypothesized that dam milk production levels and/or mastitis infection during gestation will lead to reduced insulin production and increased circulating glucose concentration in response to an Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT) in young dairy bull calves. Calves (n = 45) were selected from dams classified has high producers (HI; Top 25% for herd M305; n = 7), high producers with high somatic cell count (SCC; HIMAST; SCC test during gestation over 200,000 cells/mL; n = 15), moderate producers (MOD; lower 60% for herd M305; n =17) or moderate producers with high SCC (MODMAST; n = 6). IVGTT were performed on the calves at 7 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected prior to (-30, -15 and 0 min) infusion of glucose. After glucose (0.15 grams /kg bw) administration, samples were collected at 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 120-minutes post infusion. Serum insulin and glucose concentrations were determined at Cornell Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (Ithica, NY). Data were analysed in SAS using Proc Mixed. Insulin:glucose ratio was analysed using Proc Mixed with repeated measures for treatment x time. No effect of maternal milk production and/or mastitis infection during gestation was observed on calf baseline insulin, insulin AUC, baseline glucose or glucose AUC (P ≥ 0.12). Similarly, no difference in Insulin:Glucose ratio was observed in these calves (P = 0.66). In conclusion, high maternal milk production and/or mastitis infection may not have an effect on circulating insulin production in calves in response to an IVGTT. Correlation analyses will be performed on these data, as well as additional analyses, to determine if insulin sensitivity or response (ie: phase 1 response) was altered further.

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