scholarly journals Comparison of maxillary first molar occlusal outlines of Neandertals from the Meuse River Basin of Belgium using elliptical Fourier analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-286
Author(s):  
Frank L’Engle Williams ◽  
Katherine M. Lane ◽  
William G. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Convex Hull ◽  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
The Other ◽  
Outline Shape ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Elliptical Fourier Analysis ◽  
Mis 5 ◽  
Meuse River

AbstractSeveral Neandertals derive from the karstic caves of the Meuse river tributaries of Belgium, including Engis 2, Scladina 4A-4 and Spy 1. These may form a group that is distinct in maxillary first molar occlusal outlines compared to La Quina 5 from Southwest France. Alternatively, chronological differences may separate individuals given that Scladina 4A-4 from MIS 5 is older than the others from MIS 3. Neolithic samples (n = 42) from Belgium (Maurenne Caverne de la Cave, Hastière Caverne M, Hastière Trou Garçon, Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame) dated to 4.6–3.9 kyr provide a context for the Neandertals. Dental casts were prepared from dental impressions of the original maxillary molars. Crown and occlusal areas as well as mesiodistal lengths were measured by calibrated Motic 3.0 microscope cameras. Occlusal outlines of the casts were captured through photostereomicroscopy and non-landmark smooth tracing methods. Occlusal outlines were processed using elliptical Fourier analysis within SHAPE v1.3 which reduced amplitudes of the harmonics into principal components (PC) axes. The first two PC axes group the Neandertals, although Scladina 4A-4 falls nearly outside the convex hull for the Neolithic sample. Neandertals are imperfectly separated from the Neolithic sample on PC3 and PC4, and completely distinct on PC5 and PC6. Scladina 4A-4 differs from the other Neandertals on most PC axes. Chronology may best explain the separation of Scladina 4A-4 from the more recent fossils, and particularly Spy 1 and La Quina 5 which are the most similar in maxillary first molar occlusal outline shape.

scholarly journals Comparing maxillary first molar crown shape using elliptical Fourier analysis in the Late Neolithic cave burials of Belgium

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Brandon Cory Bryan ◽  
Frank L’Engle Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Elliptical Fourier Analysis ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
Early Farmers

Abstract The Belgian Meuse karstic basin holds more than 200 Late Neolithic collective burials. Four of the largest include Hastière Caverne M, Hastière Trou Garçon C, Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame. The remains from these caves are commingled and fragmentary. However, in situ maxillary molars are well preserved permitting an investigation of molar crown shape within and across sites. Crown outlines from the burials are compared using elliptical Fourier analysis to capture shape distinctions in the relatively numerous first maxillary molars (n = 27). Elliptical Fourier analysis is designed to compare deviations between each shape outline and an idealized ellipse, recorded as amplitudes of the harmonics which are reduced to principal components (PC) scores. We expect individuals from each site will be more similar to one another than to other internments in PC scores, and that the sites will be distributed along PC axes according to differences in chronology and geographic location. Principal components analysis reveals that individuals tend to cluster together based on cave burial as well as time period. Geographic distance only differentiates the final/late Neolithic cave burials. The earliest of the sites, Hastière Caverne M, is distinctive and includes multiple outliers. Hastière Trou Garçon C from earlier in the Late Neolithic does not cluster with Hastière Caverne M as expected. Instead, this cave burial groups with Sclaigneaux, the most geographically distant site but chronologically the closest to Hastière Trou Garçon C. Although the limited sample sizes for each site must be considered, it appears that early farmers of the Belgian Meuse basin exhibited intricate human population dynamics which may have included small, semi-isolated groups early in the Late Neolithic and larger communities with greater contact toward the onset of the northern European Bronze Age.

Tales of schizomid tails: patterns in schizomid flagellum shape from elliptical Fourier analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Kallal ◽  
Gustavo Silva de Miranda ◽  
Erika L. Garcia ◽  
Hannah M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Taxonomic Classification ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Outline Shape ◽  
Elliptical Fourier Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Allometry

AbstractThe arachnid order Schizomida is a relatively understudied group of soil-dwelling predators found on all continents except Antarctica. While efforts to understand their biology are growing, there is still much to know about them. A curious aspect of their morphology is the male flagellum, a sexually dimorphic, tail-like structure which differs in shape across the order and functions in their courtship rituals. The flagellar shape is important for taxonomic classification, yet few efforts have been made to examine shape diversity across the group. Using elliptical Fourier analysis, a type of geometric morphometrics based on outline shape, we quantified shape differences across a combined nearly 550 outlines in the dorsal and lateral views, categorizing them based on genus, family, biogeographic realm, and habitat, with special emphasis on Caribbean and Cuban fauna. We tested for allometric relationships, differences in disparity based on locations and sizes in morphospace among these categories, and for clusters of shapes in morphospace. We found multiple differences in all categories despite apparent overlaps in morphospace, evolutionary allometry, and evidence for discrete clusters in some flagellum shapes. This study can serve as a foundation for further study on the evolution, diversification, and taxonomic utility of the male flagellum.

Vegetation of sandy outcrops in Pechora tundra

2008 ◽  
pp. 39-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Kuljugina
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
Geographical Position

The paper deals with the syntaxonomy of vegetation on the sandy outcrops in the Pechora (Malozemelskaya and Bolshezemelskaya) tundra. The vegetation was classified using the Brown-Blanke approach. Communities were referred to 3 associations: Arctostaphylo alpini—Empetretum hermaphroditi (Zinserling 1935) Koroleva 1994, Elymo—Festucetum arenariae (Regel 1923) Nordhagen 1955 and Rumici graminifoliae—Festucetum sabulosae ass. nov. Five new variants were suggested within the first association and 2 subassociations and 4 variants within the last one. Syntaxon description and phytocoenological tables are presented. The vegetation on each sandy outcrops represents a complex of communities fragmentary located on the scars area. Subass. inops of ass. Rumici graminifoliae—Festucetum sabulosae is more common in the Ortina river basin and occurs at the bottom of blowing hollows. Syntaxa of ass. Elymo—Festucetum arenariae and var. Festuca rubra of ass. Rumici graminifoliae—Festucetum sabulosae are situated at the mobile sands in the central part, while var. Arctous alpina of ass. Rumici graminifoliae—Festucetum sabulosae occurs on a periphery of out­crops where substratum is stable. The variants inops and typicum of ass. Arctostaphylo alpini—Empetretum hermaphroditi occuring in the Sedujyakha river basin occur mostly in the centre of sandy outcrops, and the other ones can be met on their periphery. Ecological conditions determine poor diversity of syntaxa of the association level. Geographical position (the Sedujyakha river basin belongs to the northern hypoarctic tundras, the Ortina river basin — to the southern hypoarctic ones), geomorphology (in the first site — tops of hills and ridges, in the second one — watershed areas) and area of sandy outcrops (200—3000 m2 for the first and 61000—418000 m2 for the second site respectively) are the reasons for the less diverse communities found in each study site. A great number of variants is conditioned by succession stages of vegetation and instability of the substrates.

Sexual dimorphism of the human mandible: demonstration by elliptical Fourier analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schmittbuhl ◽  
J. M. Le Minor ◽  
F. Taroni ◽  
P. Mangin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Elliptical Fourier Analysis

scholarly journals Comparing climate change indices between a northern (arid) and a southern (humid) basin in Mexico during the last decades

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín José Montero-Martínez ◽  
Julio Sergio Santana-Sepúlveda ◽  
Naydú Isabel Pérez-Ortiz ◽  
Óscar Pita-Díaz ◽  
Salvador Castillo-Liñan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Humid Area ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract. It is a matter of current study to determine potential climate changes in different parts of the world, especially in regions like a basin which has the potential to affect socioeconomic and environmental issues in a defined area. This study provides a comparison between several climate change indices trends of two very different basins in Mexico, one located in the northern arid region (the Conchos River basin) and the other in the southern humid area (the Usumacinta River basin). First, quality control, homogenization, and completion of the missing data were applied before calculating the climate change indices and their respective trends for the combined period 1961–1994. A clear warming signal was found for the two basins in addition to an increment in the DTR, in agreement with other studies in Mexico. Also, the Conchos River basin was found to be more humid and the Usumacinta River basin drier, in accordance to a supposed seesaw behavior indicated in previous analysis.

scholarly journals The maximum surface area polyhedron with five vertices inscribed in the sphere {\bb S}^{2}

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Jessica Donahue ◽  
Steven Hoehner ◽  
Ben Li
Keyword(s):  
Convex Hull ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Coordination Polyhedron ◽  
Unit Sphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
The North ◽  
Trigonal Bipyramidal ◽  
Bipyramidal Structure ◽  
North And South

This article focuses on the problem of analytically determining the optimal placement of five points on the unit sphere {\bb S}^{2} so that the surface area of the convex hull of the points is maximized. It is shown that the optimal polyhedron has a trigonal bipyramidal structure with two vertices placed at the north and south poles and the other three vertices forming an equilateral triangle inscribed in the equator. This result confirms a conjecture of Akkiraju, who conducted a numerical search for the maximizer. As an application to crystallography, the surface area discrepancy is considered as a measure of distortion between an observed coordination polyhedron and an ideal one. The main result yields a formula for the surface area discrepancy of any coordination polyhedron with five vertices.

scholarly journals The use of Elliptical Fourier analysis as a tool for Liza aurata stock discrimination in the gulf of Hammamet

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jmil Imen ◽  
Marwa Mejri ◽  
Samia BEN MOHAMED ◽  
Abdellah CHALH ◽  
Jean-Pierre QUIGNARD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Liza Aurata ◽  
Stock Discrimination ◽  
Elliptical Fourier Analysis

scholarly journals Economic study of groundwater irrigation system in Lampung Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Entin A. Karjadi ◽  
Andojo Wurjanto ◽  
Devi Ulumit Tias
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Groundwater Irrigation ◽  
Operation Cost

The utilization of groundwater for irrigation purposes in Indonesia, known as Jaringan Irigasi Air Tanah (JIAT), has been developed since 1970 and nowadays they can be found in nearly all region in Indonesia. For example, in Lampung Province, there are 112 JIAT facilities under the authority of the Mesuji Sekampung River Basin Agency. One of the benefits of JIAT is its reliability as it warrants water availability all year long. On the other hand, JIAT operation is costly. Therefore, agricultural irrigation system such as JIAT is less attractive to most farmers unless there is some kind of government subsidy. This paper presents an economic study of JIAT by comparing the benefit for the farmers with the operation cost to determine the feasibility of a JIAT facility. This study is based on the inventory data of JIAT facilities in Lampung Province. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative. The final result of this study is a recommendation for feasibility requirements for a JIAT facility as a whole, which can be used by River Basin Agencies (BWS/BBWS) in Indonesia as a guideline to determine the feasibility and sustainability of a JIAT facility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document