Molecular characterization of cystic echinococcosis: First record of G7 in Egypt and G1 in Yemen

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosra H. Alam-Eldin ◽  
Heba E. Abdel Aaty ◽  
Mona A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
First Record ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Animal Isolates ◽  
Sheep Strain

AbstractFew molecular studies have identified the current status of cystic echinococcosis in Egypt. The present study aimed to ascertain the genotype(s) of Echinococcus granulosus responsible for human hydatidosis in different Egyptian governorates (regions). Animal isolates were collected from 40 camels, 5 pigs and 44 sheep. 27 human isolates were included in the present study. Specific PCR was performed and followed by DNA sequencing for mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene and BLAST analysis.The sheep cysts were not hydatid cysts. G6 genotype (camel starin) predominates in human, camel and pig isolates. G7 genotype (pig strain) was detected in two human isolates and one pig isolate. G1 genotype (sheep strain) was detected in one human isolate from Yemen and in no animal isolates. This is the first record of G7 in Egypt and G1 in Yemen.

scholarly journals Retrospective study on Cystic Echinococcosis in cattle of Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (09) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Poglayen ◽  
Antonio Varcasia ◽  
Anna Paola Pipia ◽  
Claudia Tamponi ◽  
Maria Parigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Strain Typing ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Sheep Strain

Introduction: Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most widespread zoonosis of veterinary and medical importance still constituting a sanitary, economic and socio-cultural problem in Italy. Methodology: The aim of this study was to update epidemiological data on cattle CE in Italy. Data on CE positivity of 5,336 cattle were acquired from abattoir registers between January 2009 and July 2010. Morphobiological characterization of hydatids was performed by direct examination of liver and lungs of 1,664 animals butchered in the same slaughterhouses in 2010. Strain typing of parasites was carried out through the amplification and sequencing of nd1 and cox1 mitochondrial genes. Results: Overall CE prevalence was of 8.1% (430/5,336). Parasitological examination of hydatids showed an overall prevalence of 8.6% with a fertility rate of 0.7% (12/1,664). Regarding localization, hydatids were found in 8% of the livers and in 7.6% of the lungs, respectively. Among positive animals, higher prevalence was observed in the liver (93%) compared to lungs (88.1%) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The economic loss due to organs condemnation related to CE in cattle amounted to almost € 24,000 per year in the examined abattoir during 2010. Sequence analysis showed the presence of G1 (sheep strain) or Echinococcus granulosus sensu strictu in all examined samples. The G1 confirmed, once more, its possible development into several intermediate hosts such as cattle, especially in areas like southern Italy and Sardinia where the lifecycle of the parasite is still to date carried on by sheep and dogs.

scholarly journals Epidemiological, Morphometric, and Molecular Investigation of Cystic Echinococcosis in Camel and Cattle From Upper Egypt: Current Status and Zoonotic Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gareh ◽  
Amira A. Saleh ◽  
Samar M. Moustafa ◽  
Amin Tahoun ◽  
Roua S. Baty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Parasitic Zoonoses ◽  
Female Cattle

Cystic echinococcosis has been considered one of the major parasitic zoonoses which is associated with severe economic losses. The present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence, organ distribution, cyst fertility, and viability of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered camels and cattle from various abattoirs in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The work also involved morphological, morphometric, and molecular identification of the parasite. The occurrence of hydatid cysts was investigated in total number of 100 lungs of camels and 574 liver and lungs of cattle admitted to three slaughterhouses at Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Moreover, several individual variable factors, including organ involvement, age, sex, and hydatid cyst characteristics, were studied to identify their possible association with the occurrence of the disease. Genomic DNA was extracted from the hydatid cysts, followed by molecular identification of the parasite through amplification of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Hydatid cysts were found in 6 camels (6%) out of 100 inspected camels, while 5 hydatid cysts (0.87%) were detected in a total number of 574 cattle examined. The parasite was detected exclusively in lungs of camels, while lungs were the main organ infected by the parasite in cattle and one hydatid cyst was found in the liver (0.17%). In camel, 66.7, 16.65, and 16.65%of detected cysts were fertile, sterile, and calcified, respectively, while in cattle, these percentages were 60, 20, and 20%, respectively. None of the studied variable factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of the disease in camels, with the exception that all cysts were found in the lung. Conversely, we found a significant association (P < 0.05) between the age and sex of the slaughtered cattle and the occurrence of hydatid cysts. In this respect, the rate of infection was higher in female cattle and those cattle more than 5 years (P < 0.05). The morphological, morphometric, and molecular studies confirmed the presence of the parasite. Taken together, our results concluded that camels and cattle play a potential role in maintaining the transmission cycle of this zoonotic parasite.

First detection and molecular characterization of Echinococcus equinus in a Mule in Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Simsek ◽  
Aydin Cevik
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
First Record ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Clear Fluid ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Mitochondrial 12S Rrna ◽  
Product Sequence

AbstractCystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease with a cosmopolital distribution. It is caused by the larval stages (metacestodes) of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus which infects different animal species. In this report, we present a case of E. granulosus infection in a mule and molecular characterization of the cyst. For this purpose parasite material was collected from the liver of a necropsied mule. DNA was isolated and PCR amplification of mitochondrial 12S rRNA as well as partial sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mt-CO1) genes were performed. Six unilocular cysts, filled with clear fluid were found in the liver and spleen. All cysts were found to be fertile. The 12S rRNA-PCR did not yield any band while mt-CO1-PCR yielded a 446 bp sized amplification product. Sequence corresponding to mt-CO1 gene was identical to a sequence reported for E. equinus (formerly G4) (Genbank accession number: KC953029). This is the first record of E. equinus as a cause of cystic echinococcosis in a mule in Turkey.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of hydatid cysts of different intermediate hosts

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
W. M. Mousa ◽  
A. M. Abdel-Wahab ◽  
M. El-Gameel Sohila ◽  
O. A. Mahdy
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Animal Isolates ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

SummaryCystic echinococcosis is an important cosmopolitan parasitic zoonosis that causes public health and economic problems in Egypt. The present study was undertaken to identify genotypes of hydatid cyst (HC) DNA isolated from different animal isolates and to identify the genotype of secondary hydatid cysts (HCs) developed in rabbits experimentally infected with camel HC for detection of any genetic mutation. In the present study, we extracted DNA from the germinal layers of 8 HCs collected from 3 camels, 1 cattle, 1 sheep and 3 donkeys in addition to 3 secondary HCs collected from rabbits experimentally infected with camel HC. PCR amplification of the ITS1 gene of all examined samples showed an amplified DNA band at 1115 bp. The partial nucleotide sequences of the ITS1 gene of all isolates were aligned and compared with the reference sequences of the genotypes G1–G8 in GenBank. The camel and rabbit samples were identified as Echinococcus canadensis genotype 6 (G6), while the cattle and sheep samples belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1). The donkey isolates belonged to E. equines (G4). Alignment of the ITS1 partial nucleotide sequences of the camel HCs and rabbit secondary HCs isolates with the G6 partial nucleotide sequence in GenBank was performed. Both camel HCs and rabbit secondary HCs isolates exhibited the same sequence identity matrix, which indicated the absence of mutation in the rabbit secondary HCs. It can be concluded that camel and rabbit samples were identified as E. canadensis (G6), the cattle and sheep samples belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1) and donkey isolates belonged to E. equines (G4). No mutation occurred during HCs transmission from camel to rabbit.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cystic Echinococcosis in Livestock Population of the Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadoon Khan ◽  
Nosheen Basharat ◽  
Salman Khan ◽  
Syed Muhammad Jamal ◽  
Sadeeq ur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Livestock Population ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Stricto ◽  
Hydatid Cyst Fluid

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic disease prevalent in Pakistan, but the genetic diversity of the cestode is largely unexplored in the country. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of CE infecting the livestock population of the Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 1,200 livestock, including buffaloes, cattle, goats, and sheep, were examined for echinococcosis from November 2017–2018 at different slaughterhouses in the Malakand division. Hydatid cysts were collected from different organs, and hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) was examined microscopically and used for DNA extraction. The LSU (rrnl) and NAD1 genes were amplified and sequenced. The overall prevalence of CE was 17% (204/1,200), including cows (21.7%), buffaloes (17.4%), goats (10%), and sheep (9.6%). The infection was relatively more prevalent among males (17%) than females (16.9%) and animals of older age (>5 years) (p = 0.710). Liver (63.2%) and lungs (25%) were more affected as compared to kidneys (6.8%) and heart (4.9%). HCF analysis indicated that 52.0% of the cysts were sterile and (48.0%) were fertile. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses confirmed 80.0% of the isolates as Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1-G3) in all animal species, while Echinococcus equinus (G4) and Echinococcus ortleppi (G5) were present in buffaloes. The present study concluded that CE is prevalent in the livestock population of Malakand. Besides E. granulosus s. s. (G1-G3), E. ortleppi genotype (G5) and E. equinus (G4) in livestock were also reported.

scholarly journals Ligand-protected gold/silver superatoms: current status and emerging trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (45) ◽  
pp. 12233-12248
Author(s):  
Haru Hirai ◽  
Shun Ito ◽  
Shinjiro Takano ◽  
Kiichirou Koyasu ◽  
Tatsuya Tsukuda
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Gold Silver

This perspective summarizes the current status and emerging trends in synthesis and characterization of ligand-protected gold/silver superatoms.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of a ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain found in Switzerland: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Egli ◽  
Anna Roditscheff ◽  
Ursula Flückiger ◽  
Martin Risch ◽  
Lorenz Risch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Allele Type ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance

Abstract Background The resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone is unusual in Switzerland. The underlying genotype responsible for resistance is suspected to be novel. Generally, resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) involves a comprehensive set of genes with many different mutations leading to resistance to different β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. Case presentation A patient had a positive result from specific PCR for Ng. We routinely culture all clinical specimens with a positive NG-PCR. In this particular case, we isolated a strain with resistance to ceftriaxone in Switzerland. A total of seven different genes (penA, ponA, porinB, mtr, gyrA, parC, 23S rRNA gene) in this strain were partially sequenced for comparison with phenotypic susceptibility testing. Interestingly, two different mutations in the porinB gene were observed, and data on this gene are limited. Information on the identified allele type of the penA gene is very limited as well. Three different mutations of parC and gyrA that correlate with ciprofloxacin resistance were found. The combination of ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin resistance makes an appropriate treatment difficult to obtain due to multidrug resistance. Conclusion The combined results for all genes show the appearance of new mutations in central Europe either due to worldwide spread or the emergence of new genetic combinations of mutations.

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