scholarly journals Performance of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) in response to organic and NPK fertilizers

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehiokhilen Kevin Eifediyi ◽  
Samson Uduzei Remison ◽  
Henry Emeka Ahamefule ◽  
Kameel Olubukola Azeez ◽  
Phillip Olumide Fesobi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
North Central ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Abstract The soil of North-Central Nigeria is home to many plant products that are used as industrial raw materials, and after processing their waste are often left in drainage channels, which ultimately find their way into rivers and streams where they pollute these water bodies, and sometimes some of these materials are burnt, which further aggravates global warming. In addition, the soil of the region is characterized by low organic matter content because of annual bush burnings, which reduce the low humus content of soils. Watermelon requires a fertile soil, which is high in organic matter content, while infertile soils yield an increased production of male flowers at the expense of female flowers, which results in low fruit set. Therefore, a study was carried out at the University of Ilorin Teaching and Research Farm, Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria, during the rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014 to assess the effect of different organic materials on the growth and yield of watermelon. The factors imposed were a control, NPK fertilizer and five organic materials (neem seed cake (NSC), jatropha seed cake (JSC), poultry manure (PM), compost manure (CM), and cow dung (CD)). The experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated thrice. Data collected on soil physico-chemical properties were: organic matter content, soil pH, organic carbon, total N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, bulk density (BD), micro porosity (MIP), macro porosity (MAP), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (KS). Plant parameters evaluated include growth (vine length and number of leaves) and yield (number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, and yield ha−1). Results indicated that the organic matter content increased after the first year’s cropping and declined at the end of the study. The amended plots showed significantly higher values (P < 0.05) with respect to most soil physical properties (MIP), (MAP), and (KS), except the BD, where the values were lower. The bulk density particularly deteriorated on soils that were not organically amended. In addition, the soil chemical properties examined increased following the first year’s cropping, and thereafter declined at the end of the second-year cropping season. The response of watermelon showed that the two years’ yield data ranged between 334 and 402 t/ha, 306 and 390 t/ha, and 38.25 and 59.20 t/ha for NPK, poultry manure, and control treatments respectively. From the results, it was observed that the organic amendments were environmentally more friendly compared to the inorganic amendment (NPK fertilizer) in terms of positive effects on soil structural properties.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils in Gambari Forest Reserve Near Ibadan, South Western Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akintola Opeyemi ◽  
Bodede Adewunmi ◽  
Abiola Oluwaseyi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The different features of soil greatly affect the flora and vegetative diversity of a forest. The physical and chemical characteristics of soils in Onigambari Forest Reserve were evaluated to assess the fertility and productivity status of the soils. Fifteen soil samples collected from different sample locations were analyzed for soil texture (sand, silt and clay), bulk density, porosity, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and available micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn). Texturally, the studied soils were loamy sand and sandy loam with percentage of sands (71.2-84.2 %), silts (7.4-10.4 %) and clay (6.4-19.4 %). The bulk density of the soils was 1.61-1.83 % while the porosity of the soils ranged from 35.2-44.1 %. The slightly acidic to neutral soil pH (5.90 - 6.60) and medium organic matter content (1.68 -2.60 %) suggest adequate level of soil nutrients. The soils had high total nitrogen (0.35 -0.65 %) and available phosphorus contents between 10.98 and 18.22mg/kg.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

PERSISTENCE OF CHANGES IN SELECTED SOIL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AFTER PIPELINE INSTALLATION IN SOLONETZIC NATIVE RANGELAND

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. NAETH ◽  
A. W. BAILEY ◽  
W. B. McGILL
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Mixed Prairie

A study was conducted in Solonetzic mixed prairie of southern Alberta to evaluate and determine the longevity of selected ecosystem responses to pipeline installation. Five adjacent natural gas pipelines on a series of rights-of-way (ROW) were studied at three sites. The lines, which were installed in 1957, 1963, 1968, 1972 and 1981, had diameters of 86, 86, 91, 107 and 107 cm, respectively. Soils were analyzed for particle size distribution, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, ion composition, and organic matter content. It was concluded that pipeline construction in Solonetzic mixed prairie range-land initially tended to improve surface soil chemical and physical properties compared to blowouts, but reduced soil quality in vegetated native prairie. Surface bulk density increased to 1.3–1.6 Mg m−3 from an undisturbed density of 0.9–1.0 Mg m−3. Increased densities were evident to 55 cm in all 1981 transects except the trench where subsurface densities were reduced. Chemical changes were associated with reduced organic matter and increased salts at the surface. On the basis of differences between the various ages of pipelines (1981, youngest; 1957, oldest) there was evidence for greater amelioration of chemical changes than of physical disturbances over time. The time needed to restore half the lost organic matter was estimated to be approximately 50 y. Key words: Pipeline, Solonetzic soil, rangeland (native), soil chemistry, bulk density, reclamation

scholarly journals Restorative effects of amendments on artificially degraded soils in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Yield Reduction

An evaluation of the productivity of degraded alfisols at Makurdi and Otobi, Nigeria, using artificial desurfacing techniques (ADT) was carried out in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The study was a split-split plot experiment arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The soil was desurfaced at 0 – 5, 0 – 10, 0 – 15, 0 – 20 cm and the undesurfaced soil, 0 cm (control) depths. The restorative amendments were 9 t ha-1 of poultry dropping as an organic source of manure, N:P2O5:K2O as an inorganic source of manure and zero application as control. Soybean variety TGX 1448-2E and maize variety, Oba super II were used as test crop. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was significantly (P = 0.05) lower at 20 cm (29.08 cm hr-1 ), but did not differ significantly at 0 to 10 cm depths. Soil pH of 5.58 was recorded at 0 cm depth and it decreased to 5.05 at 20 cm depth. Also, organic matter content (1.71 – 1.00 g kg-1 ), total nitrogen (0.12 – 0.08 g kg-1 ) as well as CEC (7.39 – 6.24 cmol kg-1 ) recorded a significant decrease with increase in soil depth from 0 to 20 cm depths. Application of poultry manure increased total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity as well as organic matter content across desurfaced depths. Soybean number of leaves was significantly (P = 0.05) reduced at 4, 7, and 10 WAP with increased topsoil removal. The highest grain yield of soybean (1474 kg ha-1 ) was recorded on poultry manure treated plots which were significantly higher (p = 0.05) than other treatments. Application of poultry manure caused 20 % soybean yield reduction at 5 depth, and a 56 % reduction at 20 cm depth.

scholarly journals Accumulation of diazinon in Indian spinach under different doses of rice hull

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Fahmida Akhter ◽  
Didar Ul Alam ◽  
Monira Begum ◽  
Naushad Alam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Properties Of Soil

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of diazinon pesticide on some chemical properties of soil and to evaluate the accumulation of diazinon in Indian spinach (Basilla alba) under different doses of rice hull. Diazinon application had a positive effect to reduce the electrical conductivity (EC) of soil. Values of pH were found to decrease with the addition of diazinon. Diazinon had no effect on soil organic matter content although addition of rice hull increased organic matter content in soil with time. Plant analysis showed that the application of rice hull restricted the uptake of diazinon and continuously decreased with time. Therefore, rice hull could be used to control the uptake of diazinon pesticide by short duration vegetable crops. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(2): 125-131, 2017 (July)

scholarly journals Bulk Density Prediction for Histosols and Soil Horizons with High Organic Matter Content

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidinei Julio Beutler ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Wagner de Souza Tassinari ◽  
Michele Duarte de Menezes ◽  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
High Organic Matter Content ◽  
Density Prediction ◽  
High Organic Matter

scholarly journals Estimation of the density of the clay-organic complex in soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa A. Czyż ◽  
Anthony R. Dexter
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Effective Density ◽  
Organic Complex ◽  
Arable Soils

Abstract Soil bulk density was investigated as a function of soil contents of clay and organic matter in arable agricultural soils at a range of locations. The contents of clay and organic matter were used in an algorithmic procedure to calculate the amounts of clay-organic complex in the soils. Values of soil bulk density as a function of soil organic matter content were used to estimate the amount of pore space occupied by unit amount of complex. These estimations show that the effective density of the clay-organic matter complex is very low with a mean value of 0.17 ± 0.04 g ml−1 in arable soils. This value is much smaller than the soil bulk density and smaller than any of the other components of the soil considered separately (with the exception of the gas content). This low value suggests that the clay-soil complex has an extremely porous and open structure. When the complex is considered as a separate phase in soil, it can account for the observed reduction of bulk density with increasing content of organic matter.

scholarly journals The impact of landscape evolution on soil physics: evolution of soil physical and hydraulic properties along two chronosequences of proglacial moraines

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 3189-3204
Author(s):  
Anne Hartmann ◽  
Markus Weiler ◽  
Theresa Blume
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Soil Chronosequence

Abstract. Soil physical properties highly influence soil hydraulic properties, which define the soil hydraulic behavior. Thus, changes within these properties affect water flow paths and the soil water and matter balance. Most often these soil physical properties are assumed to be constant in time, and little is known about their natural evolution. Therefore, we studied the evolution of physical and hydraulic soil properties along two soil chronosequences in proglacial forefields in the Central Alps, Switzerland: one soil chronosequence developed on silicate and the other on calcareous parent material. Each soil chronosequence consisted of four moraines with the ages of 30, 160, 3000, and 10 000 years at the silicate forefield and 110, 160, 4900, and 13 500 years at the calcareous forefield. We investigated bulk density, porosity, loss on ignition, and hydraulic properties in the form of retention curves and hydraulic conductivity curves as well as the content of clay, silt, sand, and gravel. Samples were taken at three depths (10, 30, 50 cm) at six sampling sites at each moraine. Soil physical and hydraulic properties changed considerably over the chronosequence. Particle size distribution showed a pronounced reduction in sand content and an increase in silt and clay content over time at both sites. Bulk density decreased, and porosity increased during the first 10 millennia of soil development. The trend was equally present at both parent materials, but the reduction in sand and increase in silt content were more pronounced at the calcareous site. The organic matter content increased, which was especially pronounced in the topsoil at the silicate site. With the change in physical soil properties and organic matter content, the hydraulic soil properties changed from fast-draining coarse-textured soils to slow-draining soils with high water-holding capacity, which was also more pronounced in the topsoil at the silicate site. The data set presented in this paper is available at the online repository of the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ; Hartmann et al., 2020b). The data set can be accessed via the DOI https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2020.004.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document