Interfaces for tetraplegic people – review of solutions supporting activities of daily living

AbstractCurrently, a disabled person can participate in social life and proceed with independent individual development with the assistance of intelligent support from modern technology. This paper reviews various approaches and recent achievements in designing and prototyping of interfaces for tetraplegic people originating from Biocybernetics Laboratory AGH. After a short review of other available systems, three categories of activities of daily living (ADL)-supporting solutions are presented: input devices, control software, and stand-alone systems. As a result of testing other alternatives such as touchpad, tongue presspad, eye tracker, blow sensor, and direct sensor of brain electrical activity, joysticks were selected as preferable input devices. They are free from hygienic issues, tolerant to involuntary use or excessive force, and easily operable by using the chin or lips. The operational flexibility required for personalization of input devices is achieved with dedicated software defining the rules of interpretation of operators’ motions. To adapt the final signal to the specificity of a supported human, the interpretation process takes into account the identification of gesture, its duration, and coincidence. The paper also presents two stand-alone systems dedicated to supporting the selected ADL. One of them is a smart interface for infrared-based remote control of home appliances, and the second is a joystick-based emulator of a computer mouse. Both devices provide a learning mode that allows for adaptation to the particular environment (i.e. set of devices to be controlled) and specific abilities of their human operator.

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The relationship between activities of daily living,falls and fear of falling in older adults : A crosssectional study

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v20i2.51559 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 420-425

Author(s):

Hamed Mortazavi ◽

Mahbubeh Tabatabaeichehr ◽

Masoumeh Taherpour ◽

Mohadece Masoumi

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Social Life ◽

Daily Living ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Medical Science ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

The Relationship

Objective : Doingactivities of daily living can bring independence for the elderly. It can also maintain their health and social participation. However, experience of falls and fear of falling can affect the health and personal social life of the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between falls and fear of falling with activities of daily living in older adults. Materials and methods : Four hundred and fifty elderly persons were enrolled in this cross-sectional study using cluster sampling. Demographic variables, Fall Efficacy Scale- International (FES-I) and questionnaires related to the study of activities of daily living were employed. To investigate advanced activities of daily living, open-ended questions were used. The history of falls within the last 12 months was investigated. Results : Mean score of basic activities of daily living in the elderly being studied was 15.49±1.74, and 95.4% of them were independent in doing these activities.Mean score of instrumental activities of daily living was 11.30±3.36, and 71.5% of them were independent in doing these activities. Participation of elderly persons in social activities was reported to be 77.9%. There was a significant relationship between activities of daily living (basic, instrumental, and advanced) and falls and fear of falling (p<0.05). Conclusion : Falls and fear of falling reduce the independence of elderly persons in doing activities of daily living. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.420-425

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A Comprehensive Overview of Activities of Daily Living in Existing Frailty Instruments: A Systematic Literature Search

The Gerontologist ◽

10.1093/geront/gnz147 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Axelle Costenoble ◽

Veerle Knoop ◽

Sofie Vermeiren ◽

Roberta Azzopardi Vella ◽

Aziz Debain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Work Engagement ◽

Social Life ◽

Daily Living ◽

Literature Search ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Systematic Literature Search ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Design And Methods ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background and Objectives The relationship between frailty and disability in activities of daily living (ADLs) can be seen in different ways, with disability being—to varying degrees—a characteristic, negative outcome, or predictor of frailty. This conflation of definitions is partly a result of the different frailty tools used in research. Aiming to provide a comprehensive overview, this systematic literature search analyzed (i) if, (ii) to what extent, and (iii) how ADLs are evaluated by frailty instruments. Research Design and Methods A search was performed in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and PsycINFO to identify all frailty instruments, followed by categorization of the ADL items into basic (b-), instrumental (i-), and advanced (a-) ADLs. Results In total, 192 articles described 217 frailty instruments, from which 52.1% contained ADL items: 45.2% b-ADLs, 35.0% i-ADLs, and 10.1% a-ADLs. The most commonly included ADL items were bathing (b-ADLs); using transportation (i-ADLs); and semiprofessional work engagement in organized social life or leisure activities (a-ADLs). These instruments all had a multidomain origin (χ 2 = 122.4, p < .001). Discussion and Implications Because 52.1% of all instruments included ADL items, the concepts of frailty and disability appear to be highly entangled. This might lead to circular reasoning, serious concerns regarding contamination, and invalid research results.

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Measuring Disability by Means of ADL Indices

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/030802268304600807 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 46 (8) ◽

pp. 225-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mirline Selman ◽

Rosemary Barnitt

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Social Services ◽

Daily Living ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Short Review ◽

Old People's Homes

The value of ADL (activities of daily living) indices for measuring disability and in planning effective treatment and evaluation has gained in recognition in recent years. The profusion of indices presents the therapist with a wealth of choice, but many are often poorly designed with little regard for reliability and validity. This article therefore identifies some of the qualities of a well designed index with reference to the terminology often associated with its design. A short review of four well known indices and two assessment schedules that have been used in social services' old people's homes has also been included.

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Hierarchical Decline of the Initiative and Performance of Complex Activities of Daily Living in Dementia

Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.1177/0891988716686835 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 96-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Clarissa M. Giebel ◽

Caroline Sutcliffe ◽

David Challis

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Social Life ◽

Daily Living ◽

Everyday Functioning ◽

Performance Deficits ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

People With Dementia ◽

And Performance ◽

Severity Of Dementia ◽

Complex Activities

Objectives: While basic activities of daily living hierarchically decline in dementia, little is known about the decline of individual instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). The objective of this study was to assess initiative and performance deficits in IADLs in dementia. Methods: A total of 581 carers completed the revised Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities in Dementia 2 to rate their relative’s everyday functioning. Results: Initiating and performing IADLs deteriorated hierarchically, while people with dementia were consistently most impaired in initiating using the computer and managing finances. Initiating preparing a cold or hot meal and managing finances were more impaired than their performance, whereas performing maintaining an active social life for example were more impaired than their initiative. Conclusion: Findings can help identify the severity of dementia by understanding deficits in initiative and performance. This study has implications for the development of targeted interventions depending on the stage of dementia.

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Enabling meaningful activities and quality of life in long-term care facilities: The stepwise development of a participatory client-centred approach in Flanders

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/0308022618775880 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 15-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Patricia De Vriendt ◽

Elise Cornelis ◽

Ruben Vanbosseghem ◽

Valerie Desmet ◽

Dominique Van de Velde

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Social Life ◽

Daily Living ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Term Care ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Care Facilities

Introduction Meaningful activities of daily living promote the quality of life of residents of long-term care facilities. This project aimed to develop an approach to enable meaningful activities of daily living and to guide long-term care facilities in a creative and innovative attitude towards residents' meaningful activities of daily living. Method The approach was developed in six steps: (1) in-depth-interviews with 14 residents; (2) a survey with 171 residents; (3) a systematic map and synthesis review on interventions enriching meaningful activities of daily living; (4) qualitative analysis of 24 ‘good examples’ and, to support future implementation, (5) focus groups with staff ( n = 69). Results determined the components of the new approach which was (6) pilot-tested in one long-term care facility. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered concerning benefits for the residents and feasibility for the staff. Results A client- and activity-oriented approach was developed, characterised by an active participatory attitude of residents and staff and a systematic iterative process. Significant positive effects were found for the number of activities, the satisfaction with the leisure offered, the social network, medication use, but not for quality of life. The approach appeared to be feasible. Conclusion This approach stimulates residents' meaningful activities of daily living and social life. Further investigation is needed to evaluate its outcome and implementation potentials.

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Evaluating Risk of Neglect Among Older Adults Using NSHAP Round 3 (2015-2016)

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.1058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 273-274

Author(s):

Melissa Howe ◽

Grey Pierce ◽

Selena Zhong ◽

Lissette Piedra ◽

Won Choi

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Physical Health ◽

Social Life ◽

Daily Living ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Well Being ◽

Functional Health

Abstract As functional health declines, dependency on others increases along with the risk of neglect and its harmful consequences. In this paper, we use data collected during 2015-16 (Round 3) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) to identify older adults at risk of neglect and to test the hypothesis that high neglect risk predicts poorer health. Specifically, we use NSHAP’s functional health survey module and follow-up care receiving “loop” to categorize respondents as having either “high” or “low” neglect risk. NSHAP’s functional health module assesses respondents’ difficulties with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). Because ADLs and IADLs are integral to the maintenance of physical health, hygiene, and well-being, the unrequited desire for help with such activities could signal neglect. Accordingly, we assign “high neglect risk” to respondents who report either that they: (a) want but are not getting help with an ADL or IADL; or (b) are getting help with an ADL or IADL, but from a helper who is not very reliable. Motivated by current research that documents higher rates of morbidity and mortality among neglected older adults, we examine associations between neglect risk and other key NSHAP measures, including indicators of physical health, mental health, cognition, social support, social strain, and field interviewer assessed respondent hygiene. Results suggest that this method of risk assessment can be useful in identifying vulnerable populations of older adults. Follow-up interviews are needed to further confirm its utility as a risk assessment tool.

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