A profound view and discourse on the typification and status of three confused taxa: Ruppia maritima, R. spiralis and R. cirrhosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelis den Hartog ◽  
Ludwig Triest
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Ruppia Maritima ◽  
Ruppia Cirrhosa ◽  
Long Time

AbstractTaxonomic difficulties have persisted within the genus Ruppia for a long time. We first unravel misconceptions as perceived on different continents and subsequently present a revised interpretation of the identity and typification of three European taxa at species level: Ruppia maritima L., Ruppia spiralis L. ex Dumortier, and Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande. To do this, historical specimens, illustrations and original descriptions were studied. We supersede a previous choice of the figure of Buccaferrea maritima, foliis minus acutis Micheli (1729) as the lectotype of R. maritima and type species of the genus Ruppia owing to a serious conflict with the protologue. Based on a meticulous interpretation of protologues and figures in a historical context, we reject the recent view of assigning R. cirrhosa and its proposed lectotype (iconotype) as a homotypic synonym of R. maritima. We agree with an earlier lectotypification of R. spiralis, though for another reason than the above-mentioned abused homotypy. Consequently, R. cirrhosa is a synonym of neither R. maritima or R. spiralis, based on material from Petagna in the Herbarium of Naples designated as the holotype of R. cirrhosa. We argue for three species to be considered as fully independent taxa: R. maritima, R. spiralis and R. cirrhosa.

Description of the first flightless platynine ground beetle preserved in Baltic amber (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4318 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
JOACHIM SCHMIDT ◽  
TORBEN GÖPEL ◽  
KIPLING WILL
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
A New Species

Species of the megadiverse ground beetle tribe Platynini occur on all continents except Antarctica. It has been long recognized that platynine beetles were preserved in the Eocene Baltic amber. However, thus far only a single Eocene fossil has been described to the species level. In the present paper, a new species of Platynini known only as an amber inclusion fossil is described and imaged using light microscopy and micro X-ray computed tomography. Since this species cannot be assigned to any of the recently described genera, the monotypic genus Praeanchodemus gen. n., with the type species P. punctaticeps sp. n., is erected. There is some evidence from external morphology that Praeanchodemus gen. n. is part of a lineage comprising the recent genera Paranchodemus, Rhadine, and Tanystoma. However, since some synapomorphies were not found, the true relationships of the fossil taxon remain moot. 

The upper Paleozoic (Pennsylvanian-Permian) ammonoid Emilites

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royal H. Mapes ◽  
Darwin R. Boardman
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Upper Paleozoic ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Permian Ammonoid

Four species of Emilites are now known; these are E. incertus (Böse), E. plummeri Ruzhencev, E. brownwoodi n. sp., and E. bennisoni n. sp. Representatives of this genus may occur as early as Middle Pennsylvanian in North America to as late as Early Permian in the Soviet Union. All described taxa are from North America except E. plummeri, which is from the Soviet Union. Because Emilites is extremely rare in upper Paleozoic ammonoid assemblages, generic and species level phylogenetic relationships are poorly understood. Emilites is not considered to be a good generic-level zone indicator due to its relatively long time range and its rarity.

The millipede family Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907 in the Asian part of Russia, with the descriptions of two new genera and seven new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5060 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
ELENA V. MIKHALJOVA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Species Level ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Primorsky Krai ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Far East

The family Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907 of the Asian part of Russia is reviewed and shown to comprise 11 genera and 60 species + 1 dubious species. Two genera and seven species are described here as new to science: Alineuma gen. nov., with type species A. rodionovi sp. nov. and Litovkia gen. nov., with the type species L. anisimovka sp. nov., Diplomaragna budilovi sp. nov., Diplomaragna dentifer sp. nov., Pacifiosoma shabalini sp. nov., Pacifiosoma acutum sp. nov., Pacifiosoma triangulatum sp. nov. Pacifiosoma asperum Mikhaljova, 2016 is recorded from the Primorsky Krai for the first time. Five genera are endemic to the Asian part of Russia. At the species level, the rate of endemism amounts to 91.7%. A key is given to all species of Diplomaragnidae presently known from Siberia and the Russian Far East. The distributions of the region’s diplomaragnids are discussed. Taxonomic remarks are provided for many species.  

scholarly journals Well-being and Sustainable Development of Mining Regions: the Universal Basic Income

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 04035
Author(s):  
Oleg Mazavin ◽  
Mikhail Kaz ◽  
Irina Roshchina
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The One ◽  
Mining Regions

The article presents the results of the analysis of the practice of implementation the concept of universal basic income. It is shown that in estimating the results of a series of experiments in this field, conducted in a number of countries, it is recommended to abandon the approach based on the positivist point of view. For a long time, it dominated science in general and economic research in particular, but it continues to influence many researchers today. This conclusion should be taken into account in the formation of the structure and composition of regions’ welfare indices. The research materials are placed in a broad historical context. On the one hand, this made it possible to more vividly present the prerequisites, characteristics and consequences of repeated attempts to introduce universal basic income into the practice of social insurance, undertaken in different countries of the world (Finland, Canada, Kenya, Iran, India, USA). On the other hand, to reveal the possibilities and problems of using universal basic income as a tool to help overcome the dysfunctional development of certain territories, including mining regions.

scholarly journals Wenlock and Pridoli (Silurian) crinoids from Saaremaa, western Estonia (Phylum Echinodermata)

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
William I. Ausich ◽  
Mark A. Wilson ◽  
Olev Vinn
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Species Level ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
First Time

AbstractStudy of new collections of the Wenlock and Pridoli, Silurian, crinoids from Saaremaa, western Estonia, result in taxonomic revision, expanded ranges, and new taxa. Eucalyptocrinites regularis and Periechocrinus laevis are recognized outside of Sweden for the first time. Desmidocrinus laevigatus Ausich et al., 2012 is reassigned to Methabocrinus. Because the type species of Methabocrinus was previously known only from glacial sediments, the age and provenance of this genus are constrained for the first time. A new crotalocrinitid, Velocrinus coniculus new genus and species, is described. Although the Pridoli faunas of western Estonia contain only twelve species-level taxa assigned to nine genera, this fauna is one of the four richest Pridoli faunas known.

Generic concepts in the Platycrinitidae Austin and Austin, 1842 (class Crinoidea)

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
William I. Ausich ◽  
Thomas W. Kammer
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
New Genera ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nomina Dubia ◽  
Stratigraphic Ranges

Platycrinitesis traditionally one of the more recognizable crinoids, a camerate crinoid with very few if any fixed brachials or interradials and a helically twisted column. Accordingly, many taxa have been assigned to this genus. With a better understanding of the Platycrinitidae, these characters actually unite the family Platycrinitidae rather than the genus. Further, use of different genus-diagnostic characters in Western Europe versus North America has resulted in a confused systematics for this important late Paleozoic family. Here, we objectively define genera within the Platycrinitidae and assign all species to either newly defined or newly named genera. A phylogenetic hypothesis, incorporating both parsimony-based character analysis and stratigraphic ranges, of the genera within the Platycrinitidae is presented.With consideration of the type species,Platycrinites laevisMiller, 1821,Platycrinitessensu stricto is distinguished fromPlatycrinitessensu lato, which is used for species that cannot be assigned with confidence to any objectively defined genus. New genera areArtaocrinusn. gen.,Collicrinusn. gen.,Elegantocrinusn. gen., andLaticrinusn. gen.; andExsulacrinusBowsher and Strimple, 1986 is designated a junior synonym ofPlatycrinitess.s.Collicrinus shumardin. gen. and sp.,Laticrinus owenin. gen. and sp., andLaticrinus wachsmuthin. gen. and sp. are described; andPlatycrinites formosus approximatus(Miller and Gurley, 1896a) is designated a junior synonym ofPlatycrinites formosus(Miller and Gurley, 1895a), which is reassigned here toCollicrinusn. gen.Platycrinitess.s. now includes 14 species and species-level taxa, and 76 species are assigned toPlatycrinitess.l. Ten species are designated nomina dubia, as are taxa based solely on columnals or pluricolumnals. Two species are designated nomina nuda, and two are transferred to genera outside of the Platycrinitidae. In addition, twenty-seven species and four open-nomenclature taxa are each reassigned to a different genus.

Studies toward a World Catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2254 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHAN M. BLANK ◽  
ANDREAS TAEGER ◽  
ANDREW D. LISTON ◽  
DAVID R. SMITH ◽  
ALEXANDR P. RASNITSYN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
The West

Taxonomic and nomenclatorial changes affecting Symphyta, resulting from work on a forthcoming world catalog, are proposed and explained. Dolerus zhelochovtsevi Heidemaa & Viitasaari, sp. nov. is described. One former subgenus and two former subspecies are now treated at genus or species level, respectively. Eighteen replacement names are given, 73 new synonymies and 78 new combinations are proposed, 3 synonymies are re-established, and 5 names are resurrected from synonymy. The precedence of 18 species names (nomina protecta) over their older synonyms (20 nomina oblita) is explained. Type species are designated for 8 genus-group names. One neotype and 17 lectotypes are designated. Five names described as varieties are assigned infrasubspecific rank. Twenty-five genus-group names associated with Arge, Corynis, Dolerus, Trichiosoma and Xyela are unavailable. Two genus-group names and 33 species-group names are considered as unplaced taxa. An identification key is presented for the West Palaearctic species of Profenusa MacGillivray, 1914. Notes on publication dates and authorships of names of certain taxa are also included.

George Perry’s molluscan taxa and notes on the editions of his Conchology of 1811

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 377 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD E. PETIT
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
Nomina Dubia ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

The molluscan taxa named by George Perry in his two publications, the Arcana; or the museum of natural history:, etc., published in 1810–1811, and the Conchology of 1811 are listed with notations on their current status, some figures being identified to the species level for the first time, some being placed in the synonymy of earlier names and others declared nomina dubia. Five species that are identified as previously unused senior subjective synonyms of names in current usage and one unused senior primary homonym are declared nomina oblita. Those declared herein to be nomina oblita are: Triplex cornuta Perry, 1811; Buccinella quadrata Perry, 1811; Cassis rotundata Perry, 1811; Aranea tentacula Perry, 1811; Buccinella tuberculata Perry, 1811; and Solen viride [sic; correctly viridis]. The names conserved are, respectively: Murex brevifrons Lamarck, 1822; Cancellaria spengleriana Deshayes, 1830; Cassis madagascariensis Lamarck, 1822; Murex cabritii Bernardi, 1859; Turbinella [now Vasum] globulus Lamarck, 1816; and Solen viridis Say, 1822.Three Perry species are shown to be senior synonyms of names in current use but do not qualify for nomen oblitum status under the Code. They are: Tellina aurea Perry, 1811; Triplex rosaria Perry, 1811; and Voluta pattersonia Perry, 1811. Junior subjective synonyms affected by these three are, respectively: Tellina vulsella Hanley, 1845; Chicoreus palmarosae (Lamarck, 1822); and Lyria nucleus (Lamarck, 1811). Type species designations for Perry’s genera are listed and type species are designated for Columna and Strigula. The treatment of Perry’s Conchology by other authors is discussed. Three distinct editions of the Conchology are identified. Perry’s Arcana is the subject of another paper now in preparation but its mollusks are treated herein.

The taxonomic status of the phytosaurs (Archosauriformes) Machaeroprosopus and Pseudopalatus from the Late Triassic of the western United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 103 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Parker ◽  
Axel Hungerbühler ◽  
Jeffrey W. Martz
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
International Code ◽  
Primary Literature

ABSTRACTThe genus Machaeroprosopus has long been considered invalid because the type specimen of the Late Triassic phytosaur species, M. validus, has been lost. Re-examination of the primary literature regarding the establishment of the Late Triassic phytosaur genus Machaeroprosopus demonstrates that M. buceros is the correct type species, not M. validus. Thus, the genus level name Machaeroprosopus has priority over the genera Pseudopalatus and Arribasuchus and all nominal species should be reassigned. Reassignment of these species to Machaeroprosopus satisfies the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and preserves historical context. The name Pseudopalatinae is retained as the valid clade name for these phytosaurs because its usage falls outside of the ICZN.

scholarly journals Performance Composition of Johann Sebastian Bach’s Motets: Hypotheses and Discussions

2021 ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
Dmytro Savon
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
A Cappella ◽  
German Language ◽  
Basso Continuo ◽  
Original Musical ◽  
Baroque Music ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Limited Opportunity

Relevance and scientific novelty of the selected topic of the research. The issues of the performance of J. S. Bach's motets has not been considered in Ukrainian musicology before, and in creative practice it has been decided unequivocally: choirs sang motets a cappella. However, in the world practice of motets today there are three variants of performance: in addition to singing unaccompanied, motets are performed with basso continuo (organ), as well as with basso continuo accompanied by instruments that duplicate choral parts (colla parte). The revision of performance approaches in world concert practice took place in parallel and, apparently, due to scientific achievements in the history of music, source studies and related fields. Cognitive was the discussion of the performance of Bach's motets, which for a long time (since 1904) unfolded in the Germanspeaking musicological environment. A thorough analysis of the historical context, the text of the motets, the connection with the performing practice, and on the other hand — the limited opportunity to get acquainted with German-language materials determine the relevance of this article, which systematizes the arguments and counterarguments of this controversy. The aim of the article is to consider the arguments of German scientists (Konrad Ameln, Klaus Hofmann, Alfred Heuss and others) on the tradition of performances of motets by J. S. Bach, to draw the attention of the performing and scientific community to the possibility of the existence of different versions of the performing composition in these works; emphasize the need for a performing search in the field of baroque music, in particular, in those aspects, which in the classicalromantic tradition are considered unambiguously fixed in the musical text. The following methods were used in the study: historical (analysed the dynamics of changes in the performing tradition of Bach's motets), the method of generalization (based on the study of musicological literature generalized arguments in favour of three types of performing motets). Main results and conclusions. Based on the analysis of information from German-language musicological research, it is stated that in the time of Bach there were three types of performance for his motets: 1) a cappella, 2) with basso continuo, 3) with basso continuo and instruments colla parte. Arguments for each type are systematized depending on whether they come from the study of historical context (external) or based on the study of the original musical text of motets (internal). It is noted that the plurality of variants of the performance composition allowed in today's practice should be realized by the conductor, who should not unconditionally accept the performance version proposed in the motets edition as the only correct one. The choice of performance is made by the conductor depending on the specifics of the performance situation.

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