scholarly journals Well-being and Sustainable Development of Mining Regions: the Universal Basic Income

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 04035
Author(s):  
Oleg Mazavin ◽  
Mikhail Kaz ◽  
Irina Roshchina
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The One ◽  
Mining Regions

The article presents the results of the analysis of the practice of implementation the concept of universal basic income. It is shown that in estimating the results of a series of experiments in this field, conducted in a number of countries, it is recommended to abandon the approach based on the positivist point of view. For a long time, it dominated science in general and economic research in particular, but it continues to influence many researchers today. This conclusion should be taken into account in the formation of the structure and composition of regions’ welfare indices. The research materials are placed in a broad historical context. On the one hand, this made it possible to more vividly present the prerequisites, characteristics and consequences of repeated attempts to introduce universal basic income into the practice of social insurance, undertaken in different countries of the world (Finland, Canada, Kenya, Iran, India, USA). On the other hand, to reveal the possibilities and problems of using universal basic income as a tool to help overcome the dysfunctional development of certain territories, including mining regions.

scholarly journals “Mother of the Faithful” and “Lion of Allah” in the Prophetic Tradition and Early History of the Caliphate or Why the Islamic Jama at Disintegrated?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
F. A. Asadullin
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Islamic Schools ◽  
Regional Conflicts ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Early Islamic Period ◽  
Early Islamic

The problem of disintegration of the Islamic Ummah a long time ago became the one of the most important for the Islamic world and worldview. The wave of violence in the Near and Middle East sharpened some regional conflicts, which have already taken place before. The paper deals with the roots of this conflict atmosphere in the Early Islamic period. As the tradition affirms, the Prophet Muhammad predicted the Ummah to split in 73 sects. Today there exist in any case not less than 73 different Islamic schools, movements and organizations, which mutually and constantly contest their doctrinal authenticity. Moreover, the activity of quasi- Islamic extremist organisations like the ISIS, which is forbidden inside as well as outside the Russian Federation, is quite remarkable. All these factors demonstrate, that from the academic point of view it is actual to critically research the nature of fragmentation and disintegration of Islamic communities through the prism of prophetic legends. This paper is to consider as an attempt to resolve this multidimensional problem.

Domesticating modernity: the Electrical Association for Women, 1924–86

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARROLL PURSELL
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Electrical Industry ◽  
Modern Vision ◽  
Religious Zeal ◽  
The One ◽  
British Home

For over half a century, from 1924 to 1986, the Electrical Association for Women (EAW) worked to modernize the British home by bringing the blessings of labour-saving appliances to the aid of British women. Adopting a strategy of facilitation, the EAW sought, on the one hand, to educate women about electricity and its advantages in the home, encourage them to demand greater access to that electricity and keep them abreast of new developments in appliances and the infrastructure (from a national grid to sufficient outlets) necessary for enjoying them. On the other hand, the organization sought to discover the real needs and desires of the women themselves, and to bring this forcibly to the attention of the electrical industry in Great Britain ; to make the ‘women's point of view’, as it was called, a factor in the production, distribution and application of electricity in the home.Although the very masculine electrical industry was a decisive part of both the EAW's context, and of its financial and advisory structure, the group proudly insisted that it was a women's organization in which women addressed other women about women's concerns and well-being. In its early years, the excitement of women coming together in a modern cause was palpable, but as the leadership aged and electricity turned from modern vision to commonplace reality, the almost religious zeal and pace of activities began to falter. A late-hour attempt to highlight nuclear power plants as evidence of a renewed and equally exciting modern moment fell short, and in 1986 the EAW quietly dissolved itself, the casualty of large social changes, some of which it had proudly helped to bring about.

scholarly journals INCREASING POPULATION INCOME AS A FACTOR FOR PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL VILLAGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 992-1000
Author(s):  
L.K. Subrakova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
The One

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the relevance of introducing special measures of support for the population of small villages on the basis of a generalization of domestic and foreign practices of social benefits during the coronavirus pandemic. The poor situation of small villages, on the one hand, and the relatively low financial cost of payments, limited by territory and social categories, on the other hand, led to the proposal to preserve and develop small villages with the achievement of economic and socio-demographic well-being. In order to curb the process of depopulation in rural areas it is proposed to develop a strategy for the preservation and development of small villages, including a special state policy of income for the population of small villages on the basis of a guaranteed rural minimum income. The conceptual basis of this policy can be the idea of a universal basic income with variations of conditional, selective, both monetary and natural basic income. The implementation of this approach is proposed as an experiment in small villages of the regions of the Siberian Federal District. According to calculations, 50 million rubles a year will be required to pay 437 thousand residents in 5.8 thousand rural settlements of the regions of the Siberian Federal District, or 0.65 % of GRP. As a result, it is expected to reduce excessive income inequality, improve the demographic situation and increase employment. The research is based on the method of dialectical knowledge of processes and phenomena. When studying the issues of the state and trends of changes in the situation of small rural settlements, monographic, abstract-logical and economic-statistical methods were used.

scholarly journals «Nomenclature embryo»: the birth of the Soviet nomenclature system in SSRB – BSSR (1920–1924)

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Elizarov
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Design ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Nomenclature System ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Logical Product

The article considers the process of origin in 1920–1924 of the nomenclature system in the Soviet Belarus as an immanent phenomenon of the Soviet model of modernization of society with its inherent monopolization of power of the monopolistically ruling Communist party. These issues are considered in more detail in relation to public authorities and management, where the nomenclature principle of substitution of elections by appointment is most clearly implemented. The party nomenclature, on the one hand, was a logical product of this model; on the other hand, it allowed it not only to persist for a long time, but also to solve both strategic and tactical development tasks with varying degrees of efficiency. The author comes to the conclusion that by the end of 1924, all the basic prerequisites for the organizational design of the classical Soviet nomenclature system were created. Firstly, during this period, the principle of monopoly of the Bolshevik party in determining the personnel composition of state authorities and management, including the occupation of elected positions, was consolidated. Secondly, a system of accounting and distribution bodies for all party cadres is being formed and this mechanism is actually being extended to all power structures. Third, a list of positions is being formed that, from the point of view of the highest party and Soviet leadership, enable it to manage and control all spheres of societyʼs life in its movement towards the socialist ideal.

scholarly journals DISCUSSION ON THE STATE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CRIMEAN ASSR (1921–1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (3) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
V. V. Kharabuga ◽  
V. A. Afanasyev
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
The One

For a long time, Crimea has been the place of a permanent ethnopolitical political conflict controlled from the outside, one of the components of which is the confrontation between the Russians, as an ethnic group and the other Slavic population of Crimea, on the one hand, and the Tatars of Crimea, on behalf of whom the extremist banned in Russia is trying to speak structure «kurultai-mejlis». The argumentation of the hypothesis designed to confirm the myth about the national (Tatar) character of the Crimean ASSR is presented. The analysis of argumentation suggests that the hypothesis is not supported by convincing evidence. More weighty should be considered the point of view that the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921–1945. was multinational-territorial autonomy. The discussion in Ukraine of the topic of changing the status of Crimea, turning it into national Tatar autonomy is carried out by the leaders and functionaries of the extremist organization «kurultai-mejlis» in the framework of the anti-Russian propaganda flow controlled from abroad and exploits the analyzed myth as the historical basis of its claims.

Low frequency and infrasound: A critical review of the myths, misbeliefs and their relevance to music perception research

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg H. Mühlhans
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Well Being ◽  
General Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Production Measurement ◽  
The One

Over the last several decades low frequency and infrasound have become relevant to many fields of research – most recently psychology and musicology, among others. Interpretation of data from experimental research has raised concern that low frequency and infrasound could be potentially harmful to humans’ well-being. While the physiological and psychological effects of infrasound are well documented, a variety of myths promulgated by pseudoscientific authors and newspapers still make it difficult to distinguish between fact and fiction, especially for people with little or no knowledge in acoustics. Myths are widespread today and result mainly from the one-dimensional view on sound, out-of-context citations, and a number of “sensational” findings from biased studies. The aim of this review is to evaluate the relevance of data from a music-psychological and psychoacoustic point of view, to give a consistent overview of the history of research, to examine the transferability of findings, and to trace the origins of myths to debunk them. Additionally, general information about the characteristics of low frequency sound, its production, measurement, and difficulties in experimental research is given to avoid mistakes in future research.

scholarly journals The extremely warm summer of 2018 in Sweden – set in a historical context

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107-1121
Author(s):  
Renate Anna Irma Wilcke ◽  
Erik Kjellström ◽  
Changgui Lin ◽  
Daniela Matei ◽  
Anders Moberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Warm Summer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Climate Model Ensembles ◽  
Model Ensembles ◽  
The One

Abstract. Two long-lasting high-pressure systems in summer 2018 led to persisting heatwaves over Scandinavia and other parts of Europe and an extended summer period with devastating impacts on agriculture, infrastructure, and human life. We use five climate model ensembles and the unique 263-year-long Stockholm temperature time series along with a composite 150-year-long time series for the whole of Sweden to set the latest heatwave in the summer of 2018 into historical perspective. With 263 years of data, we are able to grasp the pre-industrial period well and see a clear upward trend in temperature as well as upward trends in five heatwave indicators. With five climate model ensembles providing 20 580 simulated summers representing the latest 70 years, we analyse the likelihood of such a heat event and how unusual the 2018 Swedish summer actually was. We find that conditions such as those observed in summer 2018 are present in all climate model ensembles. An exception is the monthly mean temperature for May for which 2018 was warmer than any member in one of the five climate model ensembles. However, even if the ensembles generally contain individual years like 2018, the comparison shows that such conditions are rare. For the indices assessed here, anomalies such as those observed in 2018 occur in a maximum of 5 % of the ensemble members, sometimes even in less than 1 %. For all of the indices evaluated, we find that the probability of a summer such as that in 2018 has increased from relatively low values in the pre-industrial era (1861–1890, one ensemble) and the recent past (1951–1980, all five ensembles) to higher values in the most recent decades (1989–2018). An implication of this is that anthropogenic climate change has strongly increased the probability of a warm summer, such as the one observed 2018, occurring in Sweden. Despite this, we still find such summers in the pre-industrial climate in our simulations, albeit with a lower probability.

scholarly journals The Role of the Concept of Strategizing by V. L. Kvint in Economic Research of Strategies and its Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
T. A. Alabina
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Academic School ◽  
The One ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The two-part series of articles reveals the purpose of the research as determining the place of the concept of strategizing of a Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences — Academician, Doctor of Economics, Professor V. L. Kvint in the system of economic research of strategies abroad, in the USSR and modern Russia on the basis of the description of the content and systematization of the basic concepts of strategizing and a review of foreign and domestic regional economic research, as well as the author’s identification of the key characteristics of this scientific school of strategy.The object of the research is the theory of strategies abroad, in the USSR and modern Russia. The subject of the research is the concept of V L. Kvint’s strategizing in the system of economic research on strategy.The methodological tools include techniques and methods of system analysis, comparative analysis, logical analysis, principles of the dialectical-materialistic method of cognition and an integrated approach to the characterization of economic research, methods of generalization and concretization The description of the study uses a historical approach and a temporary generalization based on the key milestones in the development of economic research on the theory of strategy and the methodology and practice of strategizing.As the results of the second article in the series, the author’s characteristics are presented and the role of V. L. Kvint’s concept of strategizing in the system of economic research is determined. The article shows the practice of strategizing the academic school of science of V. L. Kvint as a matrix organizational structure, which indicates its complex hierarchical content and horizontal-vertical relationships between key elements. It is concluded that it is neoclassical and non-classical (atypical) in the sciences of strategy, since, on the one hand, the theory of strategy of V. L. Kvint is a new classical theory, where the classics become part of the modern science of strategy, at the same time, on the other hand, due to its characteristics such as novelty, relevance, universality, practice-oriented, simplicity, uniqueness and interdisciplinarity, it is not burdened with the cumbersome constructions of classical strategy studies, which are rejected, especially from the point of view of the practice of formal strategies and other documents.

scholarly journals La evolución de la imagen de rol social familiar a través de la modulación pragmática de los actos de habla directivos en el teatro de los siglos XIX y XX. Estudio de la atenuación e intensificación en los roles de padre, madre e hijo

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-75
Author(s):  
Marta Gancedo Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Actos De Habla ◽  
Directive Speech

AbstractThis paper describes the evolution of the family role face – specifically, the roles of father, mother and child – in a concrete period of the Spanish social history -from the end of 19th century to the 1960s. To achieve this goal, a corpus of theater plays is analyzed from a functional and pragmalinguistic perspective in a socio-historical context. The focus is on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the projection of role face in the expression of directive speech acts and their possible modulation through two pragmatic strategies: mitigation and intensification. Based on the results of the analysis, a sociopragmatic interpretation is carried out by identifying the connection between the choice of pragmalinguistic strategies and the need of the speakers’ autonomy face and affiliation face in different roles as family member in the given period. The results point to a progressive solidarity in father-child relationships during this period. On the one hand, that is based on the erosion of the authoritarian component of parental roles. On the other hand, it is anchored in the consolidation of proximity, closeness (‘confianza’) and affectivity. From a methodological point of view, the present study confirms the possibility of characterizing a sociopragmatic aspect (role face) on the basis of pragmalinguistic elements, i.e. the linguistic expression of directive speech acts, and its modulation through mitigation and intensification.

scholarly journals The problem of intentionality in the school of Brentano

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Seliverstov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Franz Brentano ◽  
Bernard Bolzano ◽  
Empirical Point ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

From the moment Franz Brentano formulated his definition of intentionality, it imme­diately began to undergo modifications in the works of his students. Brentano’s original definition included reference to the scholastic tradition, but it differs from the one that was formulated by the scholastics. In his work “Psychology from an Empirical Point of View”, Brentano defines intentionality both as an orientation towards an object and as a relation to some content, but at no later time, neither in this work, nor in other published works, does he clarify the meaning of the concept of «content». In this regard, the stu­dents and interpreters of Brentano’s works had a question: does the scheme of inten­tionality consist exclusively of an intentional act and an object, or does it also include the content of a representation? Brentano’s disciples did not view this definition as clear and unambiguous. In order to clarify this concept, they often studied other similar philo­sophical conceptions in search of a more precise definition. In particular, they looked for a similar concept in the theory of Bernard Bolzano. The first version of the schema of in­tentionality, including the content of representation, appeared in the works of Hoeffler and Twardowski. For this reason, for a long time they were considered by historians to be the discoverers of the distinction between object and content. However, after the notes of Brentano’s lectures, which he also read to his students, were recovered, it became clear that Brentano himself made this distinction. In this regard, it seems extremely important to interpret the history of the relationships in the Brentano school through the prism of the discussions devoted to the definition of intentionality and the structure of an inten­tional act, as well as to understand the origins of each individual interpretation of this concept proposed by Brentano’s students

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