scholarly journals Prototype of the domestic CHP ORC energy system

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-424
Author(s):  
J. Kicinski ◽  
G. Zywica
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Turbo Generator ◽  
System Components

Abstract The Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery (IMP PAN) in Gdansk pursues its own research in fields such as technologies that use renewable energy sources efficiently, including in particular the small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) systems. This article discusses the design concepts for the prototype of small CHP ORC (organic Rankine cycle) energy system, developed under the research project. The source of heat is a boiler designed for biomass combustion. Electricity was generated using specially designed oil-free vapour micro-turbine. The turbo-generator has compact structure and hermetical casing thanks to the use of gas bearings lubricated by working medium. All energy system components are controlled and continuously monitored by a coherent automation and control system. The article also discusses selected experimental results conducted under laboratory conditions. Thermal-flow tests were presented that allow for an assessment of the operation of energy system components. Additionally, energy performance results of the turbo-generator were given including power obtained at various cycle parameters. The achieved results have shown that the developed energy system operated in accordance with design solutions. Electricity derived from the energy system prototype was around 2 kW, with boiler’s thermal power of 25 kW. The research has also confirmed that this system can be used in a domestic environment.

Numerical Study of a Micro Gas Turbine Integrated With a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle Turbine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Reale ◽  
Vincenzo Iannotta ◽  
Raffaele Tuccillo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Integrated Energy System

The primary need of reducing pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions has led to new energy scenarios. The interest of research community is mainly focused on the development of energy systems based on renewable resources and energy storage systems and smart energy grids. In the latter case small scale energy systems can become of interest as nodes of distributed energy systems. In this context micro gas turbines (MGT) can play a key role thanks to their flexibility and a strategy to increase their overall efficiency is to integrate gas turbines with a bottoming cycle. In this paper the authors analyze the possibility to integrate a MGT with a super critical CO2 Brayton cycle turbine (sCO2 GT) as a bottoming cycle (BC). A 0D thermodynamic analysis is used to highlight opportunities and critical aspects also by a comparison with another integrated energy system in which the waste heat recovery (WHR) is obtained by the adoption of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). While ORC is widely used in case of middle and low temperature of the heat source, s-CO2 BC is a new method in this field of application. One of the aim of the analysis is to verify if this choice can be comparable with ORC for this operative range, with a medium-low value of exhaust gases and very small power values. The studied MGT is a Turbec T100P.

Environmental Impact on the Life Cycle for Turbine Based Biomass CHP Plants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Bartocci ◽  
Gianni Bidini ◽  
Paolo Laranci ◽  
Mauro Zampilli ◽  
Michele D'Amico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Biomass CHP plants represent a viable option to produce distributed energy in a sustainable way when the overall environmental benefit is appraised on the whole life cycle. CHP plants for bioenergy conversion may consist of a gasification (IGC – Integrated Gasification Cycle) or pyrolysis (IPRP – Integrated Pyrolysis Regenerated Plant) pre-treatment unit, producing a syngas that feeds an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine. The external combustion mode is also an option, where exhaust gases from biomass combustion provide heat to either a traditional steam cycle, an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) or an EFGT (Externally Fired Gas Turbine). This paper focuses specifically on turbines based technologies and provides a LCA comparison of 4 main technologies suitable for the small scale, namely: EFMGT, ORC, IGC and IPRP. The comparison is carried out considering 3 different biomasses, namely a Short Rotation Forestry, an agricultural residue and an agro industrial residue at 2 different scales: micro scale (100 kw) and small scale (1 MW), being higher scales barely sustainable on the life cycle. From data derived from the Literature or experimental campaign (tests at the IPRP and gasification facilities at the University Perugia), LCA analysis were carried out and the different scenarios were compared based on two impact categories: global warming and human health. Input and output of the derived LCI are referred to the functional unit of 1 kWh electric for upstream, core and downstream processes. Results show the contribution of main processes and are discussed comparing scale, technology and feedstock.

scholarly journals Prospects for the Development of Renewable Energy in the Crimean Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Valerievich Guryev ◽  
Vladimir Vyacheslavovich Kuvshinov ◽  
Boris Anatolevich Yakimovich
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The Crimean Peninsula is the flagship of the development of renewable energy, as it is not only an actively developing region, but also a resort center. The energy complex of the Crimean Peninsula in recent years has increased due to the construction of new power plants (Balaklava TPP and Tavricheskaya TPP) with a total capacity of 940 MW, as well as the construction of new 220 and 330 kV transmission lines, which ensured that the peninsula’s power supply deficit was covered. A review of the regional development and use of renewable energy sources is carried out. Based on the data obtained, an analysis is made of the problems and prospects for the development of renewable energy in the region. The development of renewable energy for the Crimean Peninsula plays an important role in order to achieve environmental safety and develop the economic potential of the region. The paper substantiates the priority use of renewable energy in the region, as well as the solution of emerging problems with an increase in the share of renewable energy in the total generation. The appearance of excess electricity in the power system and the possibility of balancing the generated power of renewable energy and thermal power plants, while reducing the cost of electricity. Investment attractiveness and active population growth in the region leads to an increase in generating capacity and an increase in the maneuverability of the energy system with a significant impact of RES. The efficiency of renewable energy in the energy system, the world experience in managing renewable energy generation, the actual impact of renewable energy on the energy system in conditions of electricity shortage, and forecast work schedules of the SES wind farm provided by the electric power industry entities in the assigned way are taken into account when forming the dispatch schedule and are accepted at the request of the subject. The available experience of existing SES in the power system of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol requires additional research, including through field testing of generating equipment. Further full-scale tests should be carried out under the conditions of a real electric power mode of the power system, which requires the introduction of modern information technologies that ensure the exchange of technological information and the implementation of appropriate control actions. The work is underway to create a regulatory framework for the control of renewable energy source operation.

scholarly journals Optimized design and simulation of a hybrid storage system based on hydrogen as an energy carrier

2022 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Maria Alessandra Ancona ◽  
Michele Bianchi ◽  
Lisa Branchini ◽  
Francesco Catena ◽  
Andrea De Pascale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
And Storage

The integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity system can contribute to the development of a low-carbon economy. However, due to the intermittency and non-programmability of these sources, problems related to the management of local electricity grids may occur. A possible solution or limitation to these issues is given by the electrical storage. In addition, in the next future, domestic micro-grids are expected to play a fundamental role in electric power networks, driving both the academic and industrial research interests in developing highly efficient and reliable conversion and storage technologies. In this study, the behavior of a small-scale hybrid energy system for hydrogen production and storage has been predicted, by means of a developed calculation model, and the operational strategy of the system has been optimized with the aim to maximize the hydrogen production. In addition, with the aim to maximize the overall solar-to-hydrogen chain efficiency, the whole system model has been applied to different operating scenarios, to identify the optimal management strategy to control it.

Emissions Performance of a Novel Combustor Burning Shredded Wood

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lindsey ◽  
M. Sawyer ◽  
A. Schmidt ◽  
P. Aubrey ◽  
A. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Biomass Waste

The Air Force Research Laboratory, Airbase Technologies Division (AFRL/RXQ) is engineering and evaluating the Transportable Waste-to-Energy System (TWES). This trailer mounted system will convert military base waste and biomass waste streams to useful heat and power. The Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) is a TWES funding partner. The first stage of the project is a suspension-type combustor (furnace). The furnace has been built and tested. A key feature of the furnace system is its unique patented combustion coil design. The design is intended to maximize ablative heat transfer by increasing particle residence time near a radiant ignition source. The innovative features of the design are targeted at ensuring that the system can be highly fuel-flexible to convert a variety of biomass and other waste streams to energy while demonstrating very low emissions. In 2008, the unit underwent two days of emissions stack testing using established Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) testing protocols. During the testing, extensive real-time data were also collected. This paper presents the data and corresponding analysis of the recent emissions testing performed while utilizing dry wood chips as a control fuel. Detailed emission comparisons are presented using publicly available information from commercial units and from a similarly sized experimental system for small biomass combustion. Key combustion efficiency factors, such as carbon monoxide emissions and nitrogen oxide emissions are presented. The authors also provide commentary on the results for next generation units and the use of this mode of energy conversion for small scale systems.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Evaluation of Interconnected Nuclear-Renewable Micro Hybrid Energy Systems with Combined Heat and Power

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam A. Gabbar ◽  
Muhammad R. Abdussami ◽  
Md. Ibrahim Adham
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems ◽  
The Impact

Renewable energy sources (RESs) play an indispensable role in sustainable advancement by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nevertheless, due to the shortcomings of RESs, an energy mix with RESs is required to support the baseload and to avoid the effects of RES variability. Fossil fuel-based thermal generators (FFTGs), like diesel generators, have been used with RESs to support the baseload. However, using FFTGs with RESs is not a good option to reduce GHG emissions. Hence, the small-scale nuclear power plant (NPPs), such as the micro-modular reactor (MMR), have become a modern alternative to FFTGs. In this paper, the authors have investigated five different hybrid energy systems (HES) with combined heat and power (CHP), named ‘conventional small-scale fossil fuel-based thermal energy system,’ ‘small-scale stand-alone RESs-based energy system,’ ‘conventional small-scale fossil fuel-based thermal and RESs-based HES,’ ‘small-scale stand-alone nuclear energy system,’ and ‘nuclear-renewable micro hybrid energy system (N-R MHES),’ respectively, in terms of net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), and GHG emissions. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify the impact of the different variables on the systems. The results reveal that the N-R MHES could be the most suitable scheme for decarbonization and sustainable energy solutions.

Experimental Investigation of a Small-Scale Orc Turbo-Generator Supported On Gas-Lubricated Bearings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kévin Rosset ◽  
Olivier Pajot ◽  
Jurg Schiffmann
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Turbo Generator

Abstract Waste heat recovery is expected to contribute to reducing CO2 emissions from trucks. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems show the highest potential for this application, but still lack efficient small-scale expansion devices, in practice. A novel turbo-generator supported on gas-lubricated bearings is presented in this paper. The device combines a single-stage radial-inflow turbine and a permanent-magnet machine in a single rotating part supported on aerodynamic bearings, lubricated with the working fluid (R245fa). The oil-free expander was tested within a dedicated ORC test setup. It was driven up to its nominal speed of 100 kRPM, generated up to 2.3 kW of electrical power, and reached a peak overall efficiency of 67%. Although the prototype was not actively cooled, the mechanical losses of the rotor shaft and the iron loss of the electrical machine reached their nominal levels. Only the copper loss was at a part-load level. The electro-mechanical efficiency of the turbo-generator reached 91% and is expected to increase while testing the device at higher load. This proof of concept confirms the high-speed and low-loss potential of gas-lubricated bearings for small-scale dynamic expanders.

scholarly journals Small-Scale Renewable Energy Systems in the Development of Distributed Generation in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Chodkowska-Miszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Distributed Energy System

Abstract Small-scale renewable energy systems in the context of the development of distributed generation, are discussed for the case of Poland. A distributed energy system is efficient, reliable and environmentally friendly, and is one of the most recent trends in the development of the energy sector in Poland. One of the important dimensions of this process is the creation of micro- and small-power producers based on renewable, locally-available energy sources. It is clear that the development of small-scale renewable energy producers takes place in two ways. One of these is through small hydropower plants, which are the aftermath of hydropower development in areas traditionally associated with water use for energy purposes (northern and western Poland). The second is through other renewable energy sources, mainly biogas and solar energy and located primarily in southern Poland, in highly urbanized areas (e.g. Śląskie Voivodship). In conclusion, the development of small-scale renewable energy systems in Poland is regarded as a good option with respect to sustainable development.

scholarly journals Experimental Assessment of a Multi-Variable Control Strategy of a Micro-Cogeneration Solar-ORC Plant for Domestic Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 08006
Author(s):  
Diego Vittorini ◽  
Fabio Fatigati ◽  
Davide Di Battista ◽  
Marco Di Bartolomeo ◽  
Roberto Carapellucci
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
Operating Points

Suitability to off-design operation, applicability to combined thermal and electrical generation in a wide range of low temperatures and pressures and compliance with safety and environmental limitations qualify small-scale Organic Rankine Cycle plants as a viable option for combined heat and power generation in the residential sector. As the plants scale down, the electric and thermal output maximization has to account for issues, spanning from high pump power absorption, compared to the electric output of the plant, to intrinsically low plant permeability induced by the expander, to the intermittent availability of thermal power, affected by the heat demand for domestic hot water (DHW) production. The present paper accounts for a flat-plate solar thermal collector array, bottomed by an ORC unit featuring a sliding vane expander and pump and flat-plate heat exchangers. A high-temperature buffer vessel stores artificially heated water – electric heaters, simulating the solar collector - and feeds either the hot water line for domestic use or the ORC evaporator, depending on the instantaneous demand (i.e., domestic hot water or electric power), the temperature conditions inside the tank and the stored mass availability. A low-temperature receiver acts like the heat sink of the ORC unit and harvests the residual thermal power, downstream the expander: a dedicated control, modelled to properly modulate the mass addition/subtraction to this storage unit allows to restore the operating points of the cycle and to limit the incidence of off-design operation, via real-time adjustment of the cycle operating parameters. Indeed, the possibility of continuous ORC generation depends on (i) the nature of the demand and (ii) the amount of hot water withdrawn from the high-temperature buffer vessel. The time-to-temperature for the mass stored inside the buffer affects the amount of ORC unit activations and eventually the maximum attainable generation of electric energy. The plant energy performance is experimentally assessed, and various characteristic operating points are mapped, based on test runs carried out on a real-scale ORC pilot unit.

scholarly journals Improved MPPT controls for a standalone PV/wind/battery hybrid energy system

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otmane Zebraoui ◽  
Mostafa Bouzi
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Control ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Logic Control ◽  
Power Point

In this paper, we present the modeling, optimization and control of a standalone hybrid energy system combining the photovoltaic and wind renewable energy sources to supply a dc electrical load, with storage batteries as a backup source. With the aim of improving the energy performance of the proposed system, we developed an MPPT controller based on new hybrid and robust approaches to evolve the power quality produced by both PV and Wind subsystems. For the PV subsystem, the proposed approach is based on the methods perturb and observe (P&O), sliding mode control (SMC) and fuzzy logic control (FLC). For the Wind subsystem, the proposed technique is based on the hill climbing search algorithm (HCS) and the fuzzy logic control. Also, to evaluate the efficiency of the developed controls and to analyze the behavior of each system during their maximum power point tracking, a comparison study was carried out with conventional techniques and the simulations are performed under varying weather conditions. The simulations results show the good performance of the proposed MPPT controls compared to other methods with better response time, a higher optimal power point and negligible oscillations.

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