scholarly journals Understanding the cellular mode of action of vernakalant using a computational model: answers and new questions

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Loewe ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Eberhard P. Scholz ◽  
Olaf Dössel ◽  
Gunnar Seemann
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Agent ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
System Level ◽  
Channel Block ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Level Data

AbstractVernakalant is a new antiarrhythmic agent for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. While it has proven to be effective in a large share of patients in clinical studies, its underlying mode of action is not fully understood. In this work, we aim to link experimental data from the subcellular, tissue, and system level using an in-silico approach. A Hill’s equation-based drug model was extended to cover the frequency dependence of sodium channel block. Two model variants were investigated: M1 based on subcellular data and M2 based on tissue level data. 6 action potential (AP) markers were evaluated regarding their dose, frequency and substrate dependence. M1 comprising potassium, sodium, and calcium channel block reproduced the reported prolongation of the refractory period. M2 not including the effects on potassium channels reproduced reported AP morphology changes on the other hand. The experimentally observed increase of ERP accompanied by a shortening of APD90 was not reproduced. Thus, explanations for the drug-induced changes are provided while none of the models can explain the effects in their entirety. These results foster the understanding of vernakalant’s cellular mode of action and point out relevant gaps in our current knowledge to be addressed in future in-silico and experimental research on this aspiring antiarrhythmic agent.

Synthesis of bioactive quinoline acting as anticancer agents and their mode of action using in-silico analysis towards Aurora kinase A inhibitors

2021 ◽  
pp. 100768
Author(s):  
Kereyagalahally H Narasimhamurthy ◽  
Dileep Kumar M. Guruswamy ◽  
Chandra ◽  
Nichhapurada Kallesha ◽  
Basappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Aurora Kinase A ◽  
Silico Analysis ◽  
Kinase A

Estimation of uncertainty in multi-level in silico models predicting biomarkers of drug-induced proarrhythmic risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 350 ◽  
pp. S64-S65
Author(s):  
K. Kopanska ◽  
J.C. Gómez-Tamayo ◽  
J. Llopis-Lorente ◽  
B.A. Trenor-Gomis ◽  
J. Sáiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Proarrhythmic Risk ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
In Silico Models ◽  
Estimation Of Uncertainty

scholarly journals Mitophagy: mechanisms, pathophysiological roles, and analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 393 (7) ◽  
pp. 547-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Xing Ding ◽  
Xiao-Ming Yin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Cellular Energy

Abstract Mitochondria are essential organelles that regulate cellular energy homeostasis and cell death. The removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy, a process called mitophagy, is thus critical for maintaining proper cellular functions. Indeed, mitophagy has been recently proposed to play critical roles in terminal differentiation of red blood cells, paternal mitochondrial degradation, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia or drug-induced tissue injury. Removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy requires two steps: induction of general autophagy and priming of damaged mitochondria for selective autophagic recognition. Recent progress in mitophagy studies reveals that mitochondrial priming is mediated either by the Pink1-Parkin signaling pathway or the mitophagic receptors Nix and Bnip3. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the mechanisms of mitophagy. We also discuss the pathophysiological roles of mitophagy and current assays used to monitor mitophagy.

In silico assessment of drug-induced liver injury in humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. S118
Author(s):  
C. Yang ◽  
S. Thakkar ◽  
A. Mostrag ◽  
V. Gombar ◽  
B. Bienfait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury

In Silico Approaches to Study Drug-induced Renal Toxicity

Kidney ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Rajiv Govindaraj ◽  
Prasannavenkatesh Durai ◽  
Sangdun Choi
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Approaches To Study

scholarly journals Role of the Melanocortin System in the Central Regulation of Cardiovascular Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Copperi ◽  
Jung Dae Kim ◽  
Sabrina Diano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
System Level ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Melanocortin System ◽  
Cardiovascular Functions

Increasing evidence indicates that the melanocortin system is not only a central player in energy homeostasis, food intake and glucose level regulation, but also in the modulation of cardiovascular functions, such as blood pressure and heart rate. The melanocortins, and in particular α- and γ-MSH, have been shown to exert their cardiovascular activity both at the central nervous system level and in the periphery (e.g., in the adrenal gland), binding their receptors MC3R and MC4R and influencing the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, some studies have shown that the activation of MC3R and MC4R by their endogenous ligands is able to improve the outcome of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial and cerebral ischemia. In this brief review, we will discuss the current knowledge of how the melanocortin system influences essential cardiovascular functions, such as blood pressure and heart rate, and its protective role in ischemic events, with a particular focus on the central regulation of such mechanisms.

scholarly journals Modulating the voltage sensor of a cardiac potassium channel shows antiarrhythmic effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Lin ◽  
Sam Z. Grinter ◽  
Zhongju Lu ◽  
Xianjin Xu ◽  
Hong Zhan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Torsade De Pointes ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Chemical Library ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Approved Drugs

AbstractCardiac arrhythmias are the most common cause of sudden cardiac death worldwide. Lengthening the ventricular action potential duration (APD) either congenitally or via pathologic or pharmacologic means, predisposes to a life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia, Torsade de Pointes. IKs, a slowly activating K+ current plays a role in action potential repolarization. In this study, we screened a chemical library in silico by docking compounds to the voltage sensing domain (VSD) of the IKs channel. Here we show that C28 specifically shifted IKs VSD activation in ventricle to more negative voltages and reversed drug-induced lengthening of APD. At the same dosage, C28 did not cause significant changes of the normal APD in either ventricle or atrium. This study provides evidence in support of a computational prediction of IKs VSD activation as a potential therapeutic approach for all forms of APD prolongation. This outcome could expand the therapeutic efficacy of a myriad of currently approved drugs that may trigger arrhythmias.Significance statementC28, identified by in silico screening, specifically facilitated voltage dependent activation of a cardiac potassium ion channel, IKs. C28 reversed drug-induced prolongation of action potentials, but minimally affected the normal action potential at the same dosage. This outcome supports a computational prediction of modulating IKs activation as a potential therapy for all forms of action potential prolongation, and could expand therapeutic efficacy of many currently approved drugs that may trigger arrhythmias.

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